In liquid water, all water molecules have at least one hydrogen bond to neighboring water liquid with just van der Waals dispersion interactions
Attraction between particles of the same substance ( why water is attracted to itself) • Results in Surface tension (a measure of the strength of water's
tween water media interacting across a thin lipid film Van der Waals forces in lipid-water systems are qualitatively different from those which exist for
(which water does have) there will also be dipole-dipole interactions (i) The only intermolecular forces in propane are van der Waals dispersion forces
ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ aƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭaƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ
ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ ŅƚƩĭĻʹ•ƷŷĻ ƚƩźĻƓƷğƷźƚƓ ŅƚƩĭĻʹ YĻĻƭƚƒ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ƚŅ ƦĻƩƒğƓĻƓƷ ķźƦƚƌĻƭ
•ƷŷĻ źƓķǒĭƷźƚƓ ŅƚƩĭĻʹ 5ĻĬǤĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭʹ ğ ƦĻƩƒğƓĻƓƷ ķźƦƚƌĻ źƓķǒĭĻƭ ğ ķźƦƚƌĻ źƓ ğƓƚƷŷĻƩ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻ
•ƷŷĻ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ ŅƚƩĭĻʹ[ƚƓķƚƓ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƷƩğƓƭźĻƓƷ ķźƦƚƌĻƭ ƚŅ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ
•ƷŷĻ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ ŅƚƩĭĻʹ[ƚƓķƚƓ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƷƩğƓƭźĻƓƷ ķźƦƚƌĻƭ ƚŅ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ
ĬǒƷ ƦƚƌğƩźǩğĬƌĻ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭCƚƩ ƷǞƚ ķźƭƭźƒźƌğƩ ƦƚƌğƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭʹ
hƓƌǤ ƷŷĻ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ ĭƚƓƷƩźĬǒƷĻƭ źŅ ĬƚƷŷ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ğƩĻ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ͵
ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ aƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭaƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ
•ƭŷƚǒƌķ ĭƚƓƭźķĻƩ ƨǒğķƩǒƦƚƌğƩ ğƓķ ŷźŭŷĻƩΏƚƩķĻƩ ƒǒƌƷźƦƚƌĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ
•źƓ Ʃźŭźķ ƒĻķźğ ƷŷĻ ķźƦƚƌĻΑķźƦƚƌĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ źƭ ƦƩƚƦƚƩƷźƚƓğƌ Ʒƚ ЊΉƩЌ
•ƭŷƚǒƌķ ĭƚƓƭźķĻƩ ƷŷĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ ƚŅ ƷŷƩĻĻ ΛƚƩ ƒƚƩĻΜ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ
•ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ğƩĻ ƭƨǒĻĻǩĻķ ƷƚŭĻƷŷĻƩʹ ƷŷĻ ƓǒĭƌĻğƩ ğƓķ ĻƌĻĭƷƩƚƓźĭ ƩĻƦǒƌƭźƚƓƭ ķƚƒźƓğƷĻ ƷŷĻ ğƷƷƩğĭƷźǝĻ ŅƚƩĭĻƭ
ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ ğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ CƚƩĭĻƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ tƚƌğƩ aƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭaƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ
aźĻ ƦƚƷĻƓƷźğƌʹ wĻƦǒƌƭźƚƓƭ !ƷƷƩğĭƷźƚƓƭσǝğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ ƦğĭƉźƓŭ Ʃğķźǒƭ
wĻƦǒƌƭźƚƓƭ !ƷƷƩğĭƷźƚƓƭwĻƷğƩķğƷźƚƓ wĻƷğƩķğƷźƚƓ ĻŅŅĻĭƷƭĻŅŅĻĭƷƭ ƚŅƚŅ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ ŅƚƩĭĻƭŅƚƩĭĻƭ
! . w ν .ЋwΉ ĭ ѢѢ ΛΔ9Ήŷ ΜΏЊ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ źƭ ǞĻğƉĻƓĻķ
w β ЊЉЉ ƓƒͲЋwΉ ĭ ѡѡ ΛΔ9ΉŷΜΏЊ ƷŷĻ ĭƚƩƩĻƌğƷźƚƓ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ķźƦƚƌĻƭ źƭ
ƷŷƩĻĻ ƚƩķĻƩƭ ƚŅ ƒğŭƓźƷǒķĻ ƌğƩŭĻƩ
АВЉĭƒΏЊў ВВ ƒĻǝğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ƚŅƷĻƓ ĻǣŷźĬźƷ ƓƚƓƩźŭźķ ƭƷƩǒĭƷǒƩĻƭʹĭğƓ ğƌƷĻƩ ƷŷĻźƩ ƓǒĭƌĻğƩ
ŅƩğƒĻǞƚƩƉ ƦĻƩźƚķźĭğƌƌǤ͵ŷĻƩĻ ĻǣźƭƷ ƭĻǝĻƩğƌ źƭƚƒĻƩƭ ǞźƷŷ ƭƌźŭŷƷƌǤ ķźŅŅĻƩĻƓƷ ŭƩƚǒƓķΏƭƷğƷĻ ĻƓĻƩŭźĻƭ
ΛhЋΜ Ћ ʹƷŷĻ ƩĻĭƷğƓŭǒƌğƩ ƭƷƩǒĭƷǒƩĻ ŷğƭ ƷŷĻ ƌğƩŭĻƭƷ ĬźƓķźƓŭ ĻƓĻƩŭǤ
[ğƩŭĻ ƒĻğƓ źƓƷĻƩƓǒĭƌĻğƩ ķźƭƷğƓĭĻʹ ƌğƩŭĻ ƒƚƒĻƓƷƭ ƚŅ źƓĻƩƷźğğƩĻ ƌğƩŭĻͲ ğƓķ ƭƒğƌƌ
ƩƚƷğƷźƚƓğƌ ĭƚƓƭƷğƓƷƭʹ ƌƚǞ ƷĻƒƦĻƩğƷǒƩĻƭ ğƩĻ ƓĻĻķĻķ Ʒƚ ƩĻƭƚƌǝĻ ƷŷĻ ĭƌƚƭĻƌǤ ƭƦğĭĻķ
ƩƚƷğƷźƚƓğƌ ƌźƓĻƭ The Unique Properties of WaterThe Unique Properties of Water•ŷźŭŷ ƒĻƌƷźƓŭ ğƓķ ĬƚźƌźƓŭ ƦƚźƓƷƭ
•ķĻƓƭźƷǤ ƒğǣźƒǒƒ ğƷ Ѝπ/ ĻǣŷźĬźƷĻķ ĬǤ ƌźƨǒźķ ǞğƷĻƩ
•ǝĻƩǤ ƌƚǞ ĭƚƒƦƩĻƭƭźĬźƌźƷǤ•ǒƓǒƭǒğƌ ƭƚƌǒĬźƌźƷǤ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷźĻƭ ĬƚƷŷ ğƭ ğ ƭƚƌǒƷĻ ğƓķ ğƭ ğ ƭƚƌǝĻƓƷ
ŷĻƭĻ ƦƩƚƦĻƩƷźĻƭ ƚŅ ǞğƷĻƩ ƦƚźƓƷ Ʒƚ ƷŷĻ ĻǣźƭƷĻƓĭĻ ƚŅ ğƓ źƓƷĻƩƒƚƌĻĭǒƌğƩ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ ƷŷğƷ źƭ
ƭƷƩƚƓŭĻƩ ƷŷğƓ ƷŷğƷ ĻǣƦĻĭƷĻķ ŅƚƩ ƚƩķźƓğƩǤͲ ĻǝĻƓ ŷźŭŷƌǤ ƦƚƌğƩͲ ƌźƨǒźķƭ͵
The Unique Properties of Water: CohesionThe Unique Properties of Water: CohesionΘ !ƷƷƩğĭƷźƚƓ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƦğƩƷźĭƌĻƭ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ƭğƒĻ ƭǒĬƭƷğƓĭĻ Λ ǞŷǤ ǞğƷĻƩ źƭ ğƷƷƩğĭƷĻķ Ʒƚ źƷƭĻƌŅΜ
•wĻƭǒƌƷƭ źƓ {ǒƩŅğĭĻ ƷĻƓƭźƚƓ Λğ ƒĻğƭǒƩĻ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ƭƷƩĻƓŭƷŷ ƚŅ ǞğƷĻƩƭ ƭǒƩŅğĭĻΜ
Θ tƩƚķǒĭĻƭ ğ ƭǒƩŅğĭĻ Ņźƌƒ ƚƓ ǞğƷĻƩ ƷŷğƷ ğƌƌƚǞƭ źƓƭĻĭƷƭ Ʒƚ ǞğƌƉ ƚƓ ƷŷĻ ƭǒƩŅğĭĻ ƚŅ ǞğƷĻƩ
The Unique Properties of Water: AdhesionThe Unique Properties of Water: Adhesion•!ƷƷƩğĭƷźƚƓ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƷǞƚ ķźŅŅĻƩĻƓƷ ƭǒĬƭƷğƓĭĻƭ͵
Θ /ğƦźƌƌğƩǤ ğĭƷźƚƓΏǞğƷĻƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ Ǟźƌƌ ͻƷƚǞͼ Ļğĭŷ ƚƷŷĻƩ ğƌƚƓŭ ǞŷĻƓ źƓ ğ ƷŷźƓ ŭƌğƭƭ
Θ 9ǣğƒƦƌĻʹ ƷƩğƓƭƦźƩğƷźƚƓ ƦƩƚĭĻƭƭ Ǟŷźĭŷ ƦƌğƓƷƭ ğƓķ ƷƩĻĻƭ ƩĻƒƚǝĻ ǞğƷĻƩ ŅƩƚƒ ƷŷĻ ƭƚźƌͲ
ğƓķ ƦğƦĻƩ ƷƚǞĻƌƭ ƭƚğƉ ǒƦ ǞğƷĻƩ͵
ğƷĻƩƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻ źƭ ǝĻƩǤ ƦƚƌğƩͲ ğƓķ ŭĻƷƭ ĻǝĻƓ ƒƚƩĻ ƦƚƌğƩ źƓ ƷŷĻ ĭƚƓķĻƓƭĻķ ƦŷğƭĻ͵
ŷĻ ƦƩƚƷƚƓ ĭƚƓķǒĭƷźǝźƷǤ ğƓķ ƒƚĬźƌźƷǤ źƓ źĭĻ źƭ ŷźŭŷĻƩ ƷŷğƓ źƓƷŷĻ ƌźƨǒźķʹ
ƷŷĻ źĭĻ ƌğƷƷźĭĻ ğŅŅƚƩķƭ ƦğƷŷǞğǤƭ ŅƚƩ ƷŷĻ ƒƚǝĻƒĻƓƷ ƚŅ ĭŷğƩŭĻƭΏ
ŷǤķƩƚŭĻƓ ĬƚƓķźƓŭ ƓĻƷǞƚƩƉ ͵źƓƷƩğƒƚƌĻĭǒƌğƩ IΏĬƚƓķźƓƷĻƩƒƚƌĻĭǒƌğƩ IΏĬƚƓķ
N-H ••• N 3.1Θ ŷĻ ƭŷƚƩƷĻƩ ƷŷĻ IΏĬƚƓķͲ ƷŷĻ ƭƷƩƚƓŭĻƩ ƷŷĻ ĬƚƓķͳ ƷǤƦźĭğƌ ķźƭƷğƓĭĻƭ
ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ķƚƓƚƩ ğƓķ ğĭĭĻƦƷƚƩ ğƩĻ Ћ͵Џ Ʒƚ Ќ͵Њ ) ΛķĻƦĻƓķƭ ƚƓ ƷŷĻ
źƓǝƚƌǝĻķ ğƷƚƒƭ ğƓķ ƷŷĻźƩ ĭŷğƩŭĻΜ͵
{ƷƩǒĭƷǒƩĻ ƚŅ źĭĻŷĻ ŷǤķƩƚŭĻƓ ĬƚƓķƭ ğƩĻ ƭŷƚƩƷĻƩ źƓ źĭĻ ΛЋ͵АÅΜ ƷŷğƓ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ źƭƚƌğƷĻķ IЋh ķźƒĻƩƭ ΛЋ͵БЋÅ)ĬĻĭğǒƭĻ
ķĻ .ƩƚŭƌźĻ ǞğǝĻƌĻƓŭƷŷ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ƦƩƚƷƚƓ źƭ Њ͵Ў !πʹ β ķźƭƷğƓĭĻƭ ƚŅ ƦƩƚƷƚƓ ƷƩğƓƭŅĻƩ ƩĻğĭƷźƚƓƭʹ
IǤķƩƚƦŷƚĬźĭ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓIǤķƩƚƦŷƚĬźĭ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓΘ ĻƌĻĭƷƩƚƭƷğƷźĭͲ IΏĬƚƓķ ğƓķ ǝğƓ ķĻƩ ğğƌƭ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ źƓ ğƓ ğƨǒĻƚǒƭ
ĻƓǝźƩƚƓƒĻƓƷ ğƩĻ ĭƚƒƦĻƷĻķ ĬǤ ƷŷĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ĬĻƷǞĻĻƓ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ğƓķ ƷŷĻ ǞğƷĻƩ
ƭǒƩƩƚǒƓķźƓŭ ƷŷĻƒ͵•ĬǒƷʹ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ƒğƉĻ ǒƓŅğǝƚƩğĬƌĻ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ ǞźƷŷ ǞğƷĻƩ͵
•ŷǤķƩƚƦŷƚĬźĭ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓʹ ƷŷĻ ƦƩĻŅĻƩĻƓĭĻ ƚŅ ƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ŅƚƩ ƓƚƓğƨǒĻƚǒƭ
Θ ķƩźǝĻƓ ĬǤ ĻƓƷƩƚƦǤʹ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓ ƚŅ ŷǤķƩƚƦŷƚĬźĭ ΛƓƚƓƦƚƌğƩΜ ƩĻƭźķǒĻƭ ǞźƷŷ ǞğƷĻƩ źƭ ƌĻƭƭ
ŅğǝƚƩğĬƌĻ ğƭ ǞğƷĻƩ ΑǞğƷĻƩ źƓƷĻƩğĭƷźƚƓƭ
Θ ƒğƆƚƩ ŅğĭƷƚƩ źƓ ƷŷĻ ƭƷğĬźƌźƷźĻƭ ƚŅ ƦƩƚƷĻźƓƭ
ƓΏĬǒƷğƓĻ Λ/ЍIЊЉΜThe "The "hydrophobichydrophobic" " effecteffectͻĭƌğƷŷƩğƷĻ ĭğŭĻƭͼ
•ƩĻƭǒƌƷ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ǒƓŅğǝƚƩğĬƌĻ ĭŷğƓŭĻ źƓ ĻƓƷƩƚƦǤ
•ƩĻƚƩźĻƓƷğƷźƚƓ ƚƩ ƩĻƭƷƩǒĭƷǒƩźƓŭ ƚŅ ƷŷĻ ǞğƷĻƩ ƒƚƌĻĭǒƌĻƭ ƭƚ ƷŷĻǤ ĭğƓ ƦğƩƷźĭźƦğƷĻ źƓ IΏ
ĬƚƓķ ŅƚƩƒğƷźƚƓ •ǞğƷĻƩΏƚƩķĻƩźƓŭ ĻŅŅĻĭƷ