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TURKISH GRAMMAR

in practice

A self-study reference

and practice book for learners of Turkish

CEFR A1-B1

• 114 two-page units • Over 2000 sentences and dialogues • Full key to exercises

Yusuf Buz

Contents

.............................................................................. 8

........................................................................................................................................................10

UNITS

............................................................................................................................. 12

Turkish Alphabet

...........................................................................................................................14

Vowel Harmony-1

...........................................................................................................................16

Vowel Harmony-2

.............................................................................................................................18

Vowel Harmony-3 ............................................................................................20 ............................................................................................22 ............................................................................................24 the verb 'to be' in the present tense ........................................................................................26 the verb 'to be' in the past tense ................................28 (to school, to work, etc.) ......................................................................30 (at school, at work, etc.) ...............................................................32 (from school, from work, etc.) ..............................................34 (There is/are ..., There isn't/aren't ... .) .................................36 (I have/don't have a car.) ...................................................38

(I am coming.) .................................................................................................40

(I am not coming.) ....................................................................................42

(Are you coming?) ..............................................................................44 (want)(know)(love)..............................................................................46 Turkish Grammar in Practice

Yusuf Buz

First published 2016

by Foxton Books, London, UK

© Yusuf Buz 2016

ISBN: 978-1-911481-00-3

Illustrations: Hilmi Simsek and Senol Gunes

Cover Design: Erdal Akcay

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

A catalogue record for this book is available

from the British Library. Printed and bound in Turkey by Ertem Printing and Binding.

About the author

Yusuf Buz has taught English as a second language for about 10 years, developing extensive experience assessing exams in Turkey. Since he moved to the UK in 2004, he taught Turkish for around 5 years, during which he started writing this book. Yusuf is also the author of one of the bestselling books on English Grammar in Turkey. His other titles include: YDS Exam Pack, Test Your Comprehension and Vocabulary and Advanced English Learners' Tests.

Author's acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Erdal Akcay for his assistance in the internal design and layout of the book. Thanks are also due to Erhan Ergenler, for his valuable feedback about the book. www.turkishgrammarinpractice.com

Contents

..............................................................................................................................................48

.............................................................................................................................50

cardinal numbers

....................................................................................................................................52

ordinal numbers

(I come.) ......................................................................................................................54

(I don't come.) (Do you come?) ...................................56

(I was talking.) .....................................................................................58

(I wasn't talking.) (Were you talking?) ...............................................................60 (some,certain)(all) (no, none of, not ... any)(most) ............................................................62 (no, none of, not ... any) (nothing) (any) ......................................................................64

(piece) ...................................................................................................................................66

(salty)(lucky) ....................................................................................................68

(unsalted)(unlucky) ...............................................................................70

(printer)(runner) .......................................................................................72

(journalist)(football player) ....................................................74 (modern)(Dilek's house) .....................76 (friendship)(brotherhood) ..................................................78

..................................................................................................80

....................................................................82

(I came.) ......................................................................................................................84

(I didn't come.) ...............................................................................................86

(Did I come?) ...................................................................................................88

(as) .....................................................................................................................................90

Contents

(inside, interior) ......................................................92

(down)(up) .....................................................................................................94

(very, much, many, alot of, too, so)

...................................................................................................96

...........................................................................................................................98

(I will come.) ..................................................................................................100

(I won't come.) ....................................................................................102

(Will you come?) ...............................................................................104

(before)(now) sonra ..................................................................106 (no longer, not any more; from now on) .....................................................108 (always) (never) ...................................................................110

(never, not ... at all) .......................................................................................................112

(second) dakika (minute) saat (hour) (day).................................114

(week) ...............................................................................................................................116

(morning)(noon) ..........................................................................................118

(evening) ......................................................................................................................120

......................................122 (yesterday) (today)(tomorrow) .............................................124 .............................................................................................126 ..................................................................128

......................................................................................................................130

......................................................................................................................132

(for) .........................................................................................................................................134

............................................................................................................................136

............................................................................................................................138

(and) (and, also, too, as well) ...................................................................140

(both ... and) ..........................................................................................142

(either ... or), , , , (or) .......................144

(neither ... nor) .............................................................................................146

(with, by, and) .......................................................................................148

(but) (but, only) .........................150 (despite this, nevertheless) .......152

Contents (however),(whereas, though)

(unfortunately)(allegedly, supposedly) .....154

(whereas, as for, however) ........................................................................................156

(apparently, it seems that ...) (otherwise, if not, I wonder if ...) ....................................................................158 (because, for) (so, therefore) ...160 (you said that, you promised that, you know that .........................................................................................162 (don't you dare)

..........................................................................................................164

(it means, that is to say) ...................................................................................166

(so that, as, in case) ...................................................................................................168

(when) ........................................................................................................................170

(upon doing somehing, when) .....................................................................172

(while, when, as) .......................................................................................174

.............................................................................................176 .............................................................................................178 ...................180 possessive pronouns (seeing that, now that, considering that) ...................................182

(since, for) .............................................................................................................184

(because of, due to, thanks to)............................................186 (because, since, as) ..................................................188 (as regards) (apart from) ....................................................................................190 (towards) (against) (according to)

...................................................................................................192

..............................................................194 (under, below) (on, over, above)

.................................................................................................196

(front) arka (back)(in front of) (behind) ...............198

...................................................................................................200

(opposite) ............................................................................................................202

(inside)(outside) ....................................................................................204

(I like ... .) (I don't like ... .) ........................................................................206

(must, should, have to) ............................................................................208

(should have) ...................................................................................210

........................................................212 ...........................214

Contents

....................................................216 ......................218 ....................................................220 ........................222

..................................................................................................224

..............................................................................................226 ................228

(can, be able to) ...........................................................................................230

(can, be able to) ...........................................................................................232

(can, be able to) ...........................................................................................234

.........................................................................................................236

..............................................................238

GRAMMAR ESSENTIALS

(here)(there) orada (over there) ..........................................242

(There it is! .....................................................................................................................243

(one; only; once) ..............................................................................................................244

(a few, several) ..........................................................................................................245

(as, like) ...............................................................................................................................246

(according to) ................................................................................................................247

(what) ......................................................................................................................................248

(how) ...................................................................................................................................249

(verbs) ...............................................................................................................................250

(You need to/should ...) (You should have ...) ............................................................251

(between, among) ............................................................................................252

(Would you like ...?) ..........................................................................253 (forward, ahead)(back, backward) .......................................................254 ....................................................................................255

(the plural) ...............................................................................................................256

.............................................................................................................................................................258

.............................................................................................................................................................284

102103

46önce (before) (now) sonra

önce means onra means means now:

• Önce 90 kiloydum. • A: Önce ben geldim! beforebefore • önce ben geldim! (

Nowbefore

• Önce polis ambulans geldi. A: Sen geldin! • Önce

We can also use önce:

• Öncelikle (

önce and sonra-/-/-ten/-tan:

• •

We can also use önce:

• 110 kiloydum. before

önce means :

✓ Önce ?

1/-/-ten/-tan önce or sonra

den sonra

4 maç............................

9 yemek............................

10 sinema............................

12 piknik............................

16 seçim............................

20 banyo............................

3 A B C D

Önce 90 kiloydum.

90 kiloyum.

Selin got married three years ago

2

2 Önce yemek yedik.

g

248249

ne (what)(how) neWhat: Bu ? (

What is this?) (What is your name?)

ne • (

What are you doing tonight?)

• (

What did Mine tell you?)

• Ne (

What happened?)

• Ne (

What's happening/going on?)

ne • Ne ( What • Ne ( What • Ne ( What • Ne ( What ne- (with, by (how): • (We will go to Ankara tomorrow.) B:

Neyle/(How will you go?)

A: yla(We will go by car.) ne Ne- yim? = What am I? Ne-dir? = What is she/he/it? Ne-siniz?= What are you? Ne- sin? = What are you? Ne-yiz? = What are we? Ne-? = What are they? (Ne- ?) ne • = • What is s/he doing here? • =• is a How • (

How does this machine work?)

• ( How to be": with "to be" in present simple tense with "to be" in seen past tense ? = How am I?-m? = How was I? ? = How are you?-n? = How were you? = How is she/he/it? ? = How was she/he/it? ? = How are we?-k? = How were we? ? = How are you?-? = How were you? ? = How are they?-? = How were they? -? • A: ? • ? (

How are you?) (How was the trip?)

- - • /: • • ( do you want?) ( do you do?) ? • ( A B C D E A B C GRAMMAR ESSENTIALS-8 GRAMMAR ESSENTIALS-7 -içinne niçinWhy?/For what? • (What did you call ?) (

Why did you call?)There are 114 units. Almost all of the units cover page, and the exercises are on the right-hand page.

tell you the main grammar point whose brackets. about the form and meaning of the grammar, as in the form of ✓ and ?, highlight common show you how to use grammar in

There are also 15 units in the

that they do not have exercises. They are designed in the same format as the other 114 units and learners must study these units as they focus on (Exercises) page provides you with a the right-hand page.

There is a full answer key for you to check your

answers for the exercises in the book. presents the English meaning of all the words used in the book. You can look words up as and when needed. An important feature of this book is that it provides over 2000 sample sentences and around 3000

1900 Turkish words which are easy to access at the

end of the book.

Overview of

276
exam classroom secret

1) desk 2) queue

in the queue in turn liquid to erase, to wipe weapon, gun eraser now bagel bagel seller cinema annoying to annoy order circus sisfog foggy system black sizyou your yours with you with you (informal) sizsizwithout you stove table with meal on it, dinner table cold to be cold to make something cold, to refrig- erate fridge street last, end result to ask sosissausage saute robber to rob to rumour sport stadium water guilty sultan to present supermarket broom to sweep to have someone sweep

1) to last 2) to drive a car (araba

sürmek), to ride a bicycle (to ride a bicycle) surprise driver to become thirsty decorated to be quiet to make somebody stop talking, to slience milk milky without milk champion chance lucky unlucky

Turkish. It comes with the following key features: • Over 2000 sample sentences and dialogues • Full key for the exercises

An important feature of this book is that it provides over 2000 sample sentences and around end of the book presents the English meaning of all the words used in the book. You can look words up as and when needed. There is a full answer key for you to check your answers to the exercises in the book.

present the most basic grammar topics in the early units. You can start at the beginning of the book and work through to the end, although the grammar topics are not ordered according to To ensure the newly-presented grammar topic is ingrained in your mind, you are encouraged to do the exercises on the right-hand page. As there are plenty of example sentences and read it aloud. 1213

There are 8 vowels in the Turkish alphabet:

Back ao u Front e i ev

There are 21 consonants in the Turkish alphabet:

A au as in run

B bb as in boy

C cj as in jam

Ç çch as in chat

D dd as in dog

E ee as in bt

F ff as in fog

G gg as in gun

lengthens preceding vowel hh as in hat

Ie as in opn

ii as in fit s as in measure kk as in kiss ll as in lap mm as in may nn as in no

O oo as in for

ir as in bird or ur as in fur

P pp as in pay

rr as in ring

S ss as in sit

sh as in shop

T tt as in tin

uu as in put ew as in nor as in Über vv as in very

Y yy as in yes

as in zip

The lower case i

b ir Bone itrace The lower case is always dotless when capitalised: s r SIsecret sr SIFI Q, W and X do not occur in Turkish but Turkish speakers can easily recognise them: fa ksfa takstai avWow!

Turkish Alphabet

1 A B C D E F G S

A B C Ç D

E F G

I

O P

S T

Y B A C E F atRABAÇ 1 4445

Geliyor musun? (Are you coming?)

Persongel-

(to come)al- (to take) (to run)gül- (to laugh)

Ben geliyor muyum? gülüyor muyum?

Sen geliyor musun? gülüyor musun?

O geliyor mu? gülüyor mu?

Biz geliyor muyuz? gülüyor muyuz?

Siz geliyor musunuz? gülüyor musunuz?

Onlar

mu,

Examples:

• geliyor musun? (

Are you coming to the cinema tonight?)

gelmiyorum (No,

I am not coming to the cinema tonight.)

(Why) • Keremokuyor mu? ( a book now?) • ? (

Are we going

• Telefon mu? (

Is the phone working now?)

mu

Geliyor

musun? = Are you coming? musun? = Are you working? Oynuyorlar ? = Are they playing?

Structure: verb yor + mu?

(onlar. See below. ne (whatnerede (wherekim (who (howne zaman (when) niye/neden (why • Bugün kim geliyor? • Telefon niye (

Who Why is the phone not working?)

• • Ne yiyorsun? (

Where are you living?) (What

sinemaya geliyor musun? 1 2

3 Meral bugün bize geliyor mu?

4 Korkuyor musun?

5 Benimle geliyor musun?

6 Beni seviyor musun?

3 A B C 17 4647
iste- (want),(know), sev- (love), -yor in Turkish: • Çok • (

I fear so much./I am so .) ( English.)

• Bir ses • Güzel görünüyorsun (

I hear a noise.) (You look

• Çok yorgun görünüyorsun • Zeynep'i seviyor musun? (

You look Do you love Zeynep?)

• A: Beni seviyor musun? (Do you love me?) B: Evet, seni seviyorumYes, I love you.) • giriyorum(I am entering the cave.) B: Ben girmiyorum(I am not entering.) A: Korkuyor musun? (?) B: Evet, çok korkuyorum (Yes, I am so .) -yor I know English. Seni I love you. I want water.

In the examples above, the verbs (knowsev- (love

marker - yorknowlove-ing hate kork- envy sev-love like duy-hear kok-smell gör-see görün-look, seem içer- consist of, containknow anla- hisset-feel zannet-suppose inan-believe think tercih et-prefer remember iste-want unut-forget 1 1

A: Türkçe biliyor musun?

2

A: Beni seviyor musun?

3

A: Güzel görünüyor muyum?

4 5 6

A: Bu çikolata alkol içeriyor mu?

2 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ben

Korkuyor

musun?

Evet, çok

A B biliyor musun? 18

252253

(between, among) (Would you like ...?) means among = among the contestants = among the workers = among the demonstrators = among the audience • among the contestants.) • (There is a provocator among the demonstrators.)

If we want to say between A and B(y)/-(y)

• between the police and the demonstrators.) • (There is a fast train line .) • between Turkey and England.) - y---y- • Sinema between the cinema and the restaurant.) (between ... and me) =between ... and me ... = between ... and us =between ... and you =between ... and you =between ... and him/her/it =between ... and them • (There isn't any problem between Murat and me.) • . .) - to want

Would you like ... ?

Would she/he/it like ... ?

Would you like ... ?

Would they like ... ?

• ? (Would you like water?) (Yes, please.) ? (

Would you like the dessert menu?)

(No, thanks.) (Would you like ... ? (Yes, please. / No, thanks.) - (to want) - - (I'd like ... .) (Certainly. / Of course. / All right sir/madam. / Here you are.) to say "I would like to • • ( I would like to have ice-cream.) (I would like to watch = Would you like to ... ? • ? (

Would you like to have a drink?)

• (

I'd like a table for two.)

(Certainly. Here you are.) • (Can we have two teas?) (Certainly.) A B C A B C GRAMMAR ESSENTIALS-11 GRAMMAR ESSENTIALS-12 =between ... and ...