Abstract With the flexibility and modularity of the construction system, the ancient Chinese architecture was a configurative system until the modern time
Ancient single-story framed wood buildings include mainly palaces and temples, the main structure of which is composed of wood columns, beams, bracket sets,
As a kind of art form, the building is naturally influenced by the intention of thinking In ancient China, people used to use the space sequence emphasis on
Application of Chinese ancient architecture elements in product design YANG Mei 1, a , YIN Huan 2,b * 1Taiyuan University of Technology, China
Abstract: The documentation of ancient Chinese timber architecture is the precondition to analyze and explain the traditional design and construction
Yet when the two words, Chinese and architecture, are joined, almost anyone on any continent, usually without hesitation, visualizes a building from the
9052_525845462.pdf A p p li c at i o n o f C h i n e se a n c i e n t a r c h i te c t u r e e l e m e n t s i n p r o d u c t d e s i g n Y A N G Mei 1 , a , YIN Huan2,b *
1Taiyuan University of Technology, China
2Taiyuan University of Technology, China
a792152386@qq.com, bl158420468@qq.com K e y w o r d s: Chinese ancient architecture; product design; morphology; structure; organic c o m b i n a t i o n. A b s t r a c t. Research the method of blending Chinese ancient architecture into product design. From t w o s i d e s o f t h e o v e r a l l f ea t u r e s a n d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f eac h p a r t , s u mm a r i ze d t h e a r t i s t i c c h a r ac t e r i s t i c s o f C h i n e s e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e . E n u m e r a t e d e x a m p l e s o f t h e c o m p a r i s o n o f m o r p h o l og y , s t r u c t u r e a n d h u e b e t w ee n C h i n e s e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e a n d p r o du c t d e s i g n , a n d f o un d t h e c o h e r e n ce p o i n t b e t w ee n t h e m . T h e n s u mm a r i ze d t h e m e t h o d o f a p p l y i ng C h i n e s e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e t o p r o du c t d e s i g n , a n d t h e m e t h o d w a s pu t i n t o p r a c t i ce t o d e s i g n a s e t o f t a b l e w a r e . O r g a n i c a ll y b l e n d i ng C h i n e s e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e i n t o p r o du c t d e s i g n n o t o n l y i n f u s e s f l e s h b l oo d i n t o t h e p r o du c t m o r p h o l og y , b u t a l s o m a k e s i t o b t a i n n e w v i g o r. I n t r o du c t i o n W i t h t h o u s a n d s o f y ea rs' accumulation, ancient Chinese traditional culture has deeply infiltrated i n t o t h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e s . C o n s e qu e n t l y , t h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e s e x p e r i e n ce d v i c i ss i t ud e s h a v e b e ca m e t h e r e m a i n i ng C h i n e s e t r ea s u r e . W e s h ou l d n o t o n l y p r o t e c t , a pp r ec i a t e t h e t r ea s u r e , b u t a l s o i nh e r i t a n d d e v e l o p i t . I n t e r m s o f p r o du c t d e s i g n , w e s h ou l d e x p l o r e t h e a v a i l a b l e e l e m e n t s o f t h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e a n d a pp l y i t s e ss e n ce t o m o d e r n p r o du c t d e s i g n . I t i s b e n e f i t t o p r o m o t e t h e c u l t u r a l c o n n o t a t i o n o f t h e p r o du c t s , m e a n w h i l e i t a l s o p r o v i d e s t h e s o u r ce o f i n s p i r a t i o n f o r t h e p r o du c t d e s i g n . I n a d d i t i o n , u n d e r t h e b ac kg r o u n d o f g l o b a l i z a t i o n , t h e d e s i g n o f a s e r i e s o f p r o du c t w i t h t r a d i t i o n a l C h i n e s e c h a r m i s b e n e f i t t o p r o m o t e t h e n a t i o n a l c h a r ac t e r i s t i c s a n d b o a r d t h e a r e n a o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e s i g n [ 1 ]. T h e a r t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e a n c i e n t C h i n e s e a r c h i t ec t u r e T h e a n c i e n t C h i n e s e a r c h i t e c t u r e s a r e t h e c o n c r e t e im a g e o f t h e m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e c r ea t e d b y t h e C h i n e s e n a t i o n , w h i c h l o ca t e i n t h e p r o s p e r o u s c i t y o r t h e s t r ee t s , a n d e v e n i n t h e r e m o t e a n c i e n t v il l a g e . T h e f u n c t i o n s o f t h e a r c h i t ec t u r e s a r e n u m e r o u s , t h e r e a r e m a g n i f i ce n t p a l ac e s , n a t u r a l a n d d ec e n t d w e l l i n g s , a s w e ll a s t h e g o r g e o u s c l a ss i c a l g a r d e n [ 2 ] . H o w e v e r , a l l o f t h e m h a v e a r c h i t e c t u r a l f ea t u r e s , w h i c h i s u n i qu e t o C h i n a T h e g e n e r a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . Owing to the special aesthetic feeling, the ancient architecture is e n du r i ng . I n t e r m o f t h e o v e r a l l o u t li n e , t h e a r c h i t ec t u r a l c o n f i gu r a t i o n h a s g r ac e f u l c u r v e s . W i t h t h o u s a n d s o f y ea rs' vicissitudes, the architecture still stands erect, which can attribute to its wooden s t r u c t u r e . T h e t im b e r c o m p o n e n t s c o nn e c t w i t h ea c h o t h e r a n d a dd l a y e r up o n l a y e r , t h u s t h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e s h a v e d i s t i n c t g r a d a t i o n s , f u l l a pp ea r a n c e a n d a r t i s t i c c h a r m . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e s t r u c t u r e ca n a l s o e n h a n c e t h e s e i s m i c b e h a v i o r a n d s a f e t y p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e h o u s e s [ 3 ] . T h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f e a c h p a r t .Main ridge:. Located on the top of the roof, the main ridge p a r a ll e l s t o t h e r o o f , w h i c h i s t h e r i d g e o r n a m e n t o f t h e f r o n t a n d b ac k s l o p e s . I n a dd i t i o n , i t i s a n i n d i s p e n s a b l e p a r t o f t h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e . I n d i ff e r e n t a g e s , t h e m a i n r i d g e s a r e n o t t h e s a m e . I n H a n D y n a s t y , t h e b o t h e n d s o f t h e m a i n r i dg e w e r e s li g h t l y t u r n up , f o r mi ng t h e s t a t e t h a t t w o c o r n e r s w e r e up t u r n e d , w h i c h w a s e s p e c i a ll y p o p u l a r i n T a n g a n d S o n g d y n a s t i e s . I n a d d i t i o n , i t w a s s t r a i g h t a f t e r M i n g D y n a s t y . H o w e v e r , e v e n t h e s t r a i g h t m a i n r i dg e a l s o h a s up t u r n e d c o r n e r s w i t h s h i b i a n d W a n g b ea s t a t t h e t w o e n d s [ 5 ] . T h e s e t w o k i n d s o f m a i n r i dg e a r e m e r e l y d i ff e r i n a r c c u r v a t u r e
. 5th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation (ICCET 2015)© 2015. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press1696
D i a g o n a l r i dg e f o r h i p r o o f : T h e d o w n w a r d p a r t t h a t f o r m t h e t w o e n d s o f m a i n r i dg e t o t h e f r o n t a n d b ac k s l o p e s . L i m i t e d b y t h e i n t e r n a l s t r u c t u r e ( t h e d i ff e r e n t v a r i a t i o n r a n g e o f t h e pu r li n e ) o f t h e r o o f . A s t h e g r a d e o f t h e t o p r o o f i s s t ee p w h il e t h e b o tt o m i s g e n t l e , t h e r e w i l l b e a n up w a r d p a r a b o l a b e t w e e n s l o p a n d d i a g o n a l r i dg e f o r h i p r o o f [ 6 ] . T h e i n t e r ac t i o n b e t w ee n t h e D i a g o n a l r i dg e f o r h i p r o o f a n d t h e e n t i r e t y c a n s t r e n g t h e n t h e r o o f c o n t o u r . T h e r e f o r e , t h e r o o f o f a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e s h a v e s o m e f u n c t i o n s , s u c h a s r a i n - p r o o f a n d li g h t i n g . B r ac k e t s e t : B r ac k e t s e t i s t h e m o s t o u t s t a n d i n g i nv e n t i o n o f a n c i e n t C h i n e s e a r c h i t ec t u r e . B r ac k e t s e t i s f o r m e d b y b u c k e t b l o c k a n d a r c h e d s h o r t t i m b er's overlap on the chapiter. The roof's power o n t h e s t r i n g e r ca n b e p a ss e d t o t h e b r ac k e t s e t , a n d t h e n a l l t h e p o w e r w il l b e t r a n s f e rr e d t o t h e c h a p i t e r , w h i c h c a n e l im i n a t e t h e d a n g e r o f b e a m b r ea k i ng . T h a t i s t h e r e a l r ea s o n f o r t h e p h e n o m e n o n t h a t "the wall collapsed but the house stands".Decorative pattern:As one of the Chinese h i s t o r i c a l a n d c u l t u r a l h e r i t a g e , t h e d ec o r a t i v e p a t t e r n s e x i s t i n e v e r y w h e r e o f t h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e s . S u c h a s h a n d r a il , li n t e l , w i n d o w , Q T , e t c . . T h e r e a r e m a n y s i m p l e g e o m e t r i c f i gu r e s a s w e l l a s a b s t r ac t o r g a n i c p a t t e r n s . I n a dd i t i o n , p e o p l e a l s o s k il l f u ll y c o m b i n e t h e p a t t e r n s t o c r ea t e m a n y n e w l u c k m e a n i ng s , w h i c h e x p r e ss p e op le's wishes and expectation, implicitly and vividly. T h e c r ac k e d i ce a r e f o r m e d b y s i m p l e g e o m e t r i c f i gu r e s , a n d i t s s h a p e i s i rr e g u l a r . L o o k i n g f r o m a d i s t a n ce , i t l oo k s li k e t h e m e l t e d s n o w . I t i s i n s t a r k c o n t r a s t w i t h t h e r e g u l a r p a t t e r n s , m e a n w h i l e it' s a n a t u r a l a n d h a r m o n i o u s s y m b o l t h a t s y m b o l i ze s t h e e n d o f u n h a p p y t h i ng s a n d t h e p o s s i b il i t y t o r e a li ze t h e go o d w i s h e s . T h e a n a l y s i s o f t h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e e l e m e n ts' application in product design T h e r e f e r e n t i a l m e t h o d o f t h e m a i n r i d g e f o r m.The design of the bench is shown in Fig.1, w h i c h i s i n s p i r e d b y t h e m a i n r i dg e o f t h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e . I t o n l y r e t a i n t h e m o s t p r i m i t i v e a n d b a s i c f o r m o f t h e b e n c h , b o t h e n d s o f i t s s u r f a c e a r e u p t u r n e d s li g h t l y a n d f o r m s a ca m b e r s u r f ace . T h e m od i f i ca t i o n o f t h e d e t a il s a r e v e r y s m a r t , i t n o t o n l y a v o i d t h e r i g i d l y c o n n ec t i o n b e t w ee n b e n c h a n d t h e m a i n r i dg e , b u t a l s o o p t i m i ze t h e f u n c t i o n o f t h e b e n c h . I n t h e p a s t , w h e n s i tt i n g o n t h e e dg e o f b e n c h , i t w i l l b e u n s t a b l e . H o w e v e r , w i t h t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f t h e m a i n r i dg e f o r m , t h e u s e r s w i l l b e m o r e s a f e s i t t i n g o n t h e b e n c h , a n d t h e t u m b l e ca u s e d b y i n s t a b il i t y c a n b e a v o i d e d t oo . E x ce p t i n g t h e r e f e r e n ce o f t h e m a i n r i dg e f o r m , t h e d e s i g n a l s o f o l l o w s o t h e r f e a t u r e s , s u c h a s t h e u s a g e o f w o o d a n d s y m m e t r y a l o n g t h e a x i s . I t s h o w s t h a t , t h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u re's integration into the product design is not only the unnatural c o nn e c t i o n b u t a l s o t h e o r g a n i c c o m b i n a t i o n o f f o r m a n d f u n c t i o n [ 8 ] , t h u s t h e r e s u l t i s t h a t "1+1>2 ". F i g . 1 T h e d e s i g n o f b e n c h 1697
T h e i nh e r i t i n g m e t h o d o f t h e d i ago n a l r i d g e f o r h i p r oof's form..In 2009, Brilliant Plumbing G r o up C o . , L t d . d e s i g n e d a s e r i e s o f f a u ce t . M o s t o f t h e f a u ce t s i n t h e m a r k e t a r e s i mi l a r , h o w e v e r t h e i r d e s i g n s c a n i m p r e ss t h e p e op l e g r ea t l y , t h u s t h e y a r e o u t s t a n d i n g . T h i s p r o du c t i s o n e o f t h e i r d e s i g n (r e f e r F i g . 2 ) , t h e e l e m e n t o f d i a g o n a l r i dg e f o r h i p r o o f ca n b e s e e n ea s il y . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e p r o du c t a l s o c o m b i n e s w i t h t h e e ff ec t o f e a v e s a nd w a ll s , t h u s i t s e e m s t h a t a p a r t o f a r c h i t ec t u r e i s m o v e d t o t h e w a s h b a s i n w i t h o u t c o m p l e t e l y im i t a t i n g . T h e d e s i g n a b s t r ac t s t h e r a d i a n o f t h e d i a g o n a l r i dg e f o r h i p r oo f a n d m a k e s f u l l u s e o f i t . T h e f r o n t o f t h e p r o du c t j u s t li k e t h e e a v e s a n d w a ll s c o nn e c t e d i n c a m b e r s u r f ace , w h i c h a dd s s o m e t h i ng s o f t t o t h e o v e r a l l s h a p e . I f t h e f a u ce t i s i n s t a ll e d o n t h e w a s hb a s i n , i t l oo k s li k e a b u i l d i n g . O n ce y o u t u r n e d t h e s w i t c h h a n d l e , t h e w a t e r w i l l f l o w o u t f r o m t h e w a t e r n o z z l e s m o o t h l y , w h i c h l oo k s li k e t h a t t h e d r i z z l e s l o w l y f l o w s d o w n t h e ea v e . Y o u r h a n d s w i l l b e w a s h e d b y t h e r a i n w a t e r . T h e d e s i g n r e f e r e n c e s t h e f o r m o f d i a g o n a l r i dg e f o r h i p r oo f a n d t h e c h a r m o f t h e s t a b l e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e , w h i c h g r ea t l y i n c r e a s e t h e i d e a l c o n d i t i o n o f t h e w a s h b a s i n . Fig.2 The design of faucet T h e e x t e n s i o n m e t h o d s o f t h e b r a c k e t s e t.The application of bracket set elements can be divided i n t o t w o c a t e g o r i e s : t h e f i r s t o n e i s "form"(refer Fig.3), the design of the tea table uses the form of b r ac k e t s e t f o r r e f e r e n ce , t h u s t h e t ea t a b l e i s f u l l o f r h y t h m; t h e o t h e r o n e i s "spirit", the most i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f t h e b r ac k e t s e t i s t h e o cc l u s i o n a m o n g t h e b r ac k e t s , i n a d d i t i o n , t h e b r ac k e t s j o i n t s w i t h ea c h o t h e r i n l a y e r s . T h e e du ca t i o n a l t o y (r e f e r F i g . 4 ) a d o p t s t h e s t r u c t u r e o f b r ac k e t s e t , t h e c o m p o n e n t c o nn ec t e d w i t h ea c h o t h e r f o r m a n i n t e g r i t y . A l t h o ug h i t s e e m s q u i t e d i ff e r e n t w i t h t h e f o r m o f b r ac k e t s e t , i t i s h i g h l y c o n s i s t e n t w i t h i t s s t r u c t u r e . F i g . 3 T h e d e s i g n o f E n d t a b l e F i g . 4 T h e d e s i g n o f e du c a t i o n a l t o y T h e a pp l i c a t i o n o f t h e d ec o r a t i v e p a tt e r n s. The works shown in Fig. 5 is designed by the d e s i g n m a s t e r J a s p e r H o u . H e a d o p t s , i n t h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e , t h e e l e m e n t s o f t h e w i n d o w s u s e d f o r d im b ea u t y , a n d c r ea t e s t h e m o d e r n c l o c k t h a t f u ll s o f a n t i qu e b ea u t y . T h e t r a d i t i o n a l e l e m e n t s a r e t im e l e s s . O w i n g t o t h e acc u m u l a t i o n o f t h e t im e , m e a n w h i l e i t a l s o c r e a t e s un i q u e ae s t h e t i c f e e l i ng , w h i c h d ee p l y b l e nd i n o u r t h o ug h t a n d b l oo d . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e c l o c k a l s o a d o p t s c r ac k e d i ce t h a t c o n f o r m e d w i t h g o l d e n s ec t i o n a s w e ll a s t h e c r a f t of"hollow out". The pure black and white is the 1698 b a s i c c o l o r o f t h e c l o c k , t h e s t r i k i ng r e d i s t h e c o l o r m a t c h i ng f o r t h e n ee d l e a n d i t a l s o u s e t h e pu r e w o o d e n m a t e r i a l . A ll o f t h e m m a k e s u s f e e l r e f r e s h i ng . I n t h i s w o r k s , t h e f u n c t i o n o f t h e d ec o r a t i v e p a t t e r n s i s s e l f - e v i d e n t . T h e c o m b i n a t i o n o f c r ac k e d i ce a n d t h e c r a f t of"hollow out" can not only s h o w t h e t im e t o t h e p e o p l e , b u t a l s o a dd ce r t a i n a r t s k i l l . I t s h o w s t h a t t h e d ec o r a t i v e p a tt e r ns' a p p li ca t i o n i n t h e p r o du c t d e s i g n i s n o t s im p l e c o p y , w e c a n m a k e i t m o r e c o o r d i n a t e d w i t h t h e c h a n g e s o f c o l o r a n d s k i l l . F i g . 5 T h e d e s i g n o f c l o c k D e s i g n p r a c t i c e I n t h e d e s i g n p r ac t i ce , t h e a u t h o r c h o o s e s t h e e l e m e n t s o f t h e a n c i e n t C h i n e s e , s u c h a s a r c h i t ec t u r e s m a i n r i dg e , d i a g o n a l r i dg e f o r h i p r o o f , b r ac k e t s e t a n d d ec o r a t i v e p a t t e r n s , a n d w o r k s o u t t h e l a w s a n d m e t h o d s u s i n g t h e p r e v i o u s a n a l y s i s . T h e n t h r oug h t h e d r a f t p l a n , 3 D m o d e li ng , r e n d e r a n d o t h e r p r o ce ss , t h e a u t h o r f i n a l l y f i n i s h e s t h e f i n a l e ff ec t , w h i c h i s s h o w n i n F i g . 10 ( t h e p i c t u r e i s p a i n t e d b y t h e a u t h o r ) . T h e d e s i g n f o l l o w s t h e c h a r ac t e r i s t i c s o f t h e w oo d e n m a t e r i a l i n t h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e , a n d r e t a i n s t h e f ea t u r e o f s y m m e t r y a l o n g t h e a x i s . A m o n g w h i c h t h e f o r m o f p l a t e u s e s t h e m a i n r i dg e li n e f o r r e f e r e n ce , w h il e t h e c u r v e o f t h e s a u ce r c o m e s f r o m t h e d i a g o n a l r i dg e f o r h i p r o o f . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e c h o p s t i c k r e s t f u ll y i n t e g r a t e s w i t h t h e f ea t u r e s o f b r ac k e t s e t , w h i c h i s ea s y t o a ss e m b l e , d i s a s s e m b l e a n d c o ll e c t . I t a l s o a dd s s o m e i n t e r e s t t o t h e u s i n g p r o ce ss . T h e a u t h o r a l s o e x t r ac t s t h e "longevity"from the window of ancient architecture and abstracts it, thus the word can be h a r m o n i o u s l y i n t e g r a t e d i n t o t h e t a b l e w a r e d e s i g n i n g . F i g . 6 T h e d e s i g n o f t a b l e w a r e C o n c l u s i o n T h e i nh e r i t a n c e a n d d e v e l op m e n t o f t h e a n c i e n t C h i n e s e a r c h i t ec t u r e e l e m e n t s ca n n o t a n d s h ou l d n o t b e r e s t r i c t e d i n t o t h e v i s i b l e m a t e r i a l i ze d f o r m , i n s t ea d t h e d e t a il s a n d c o n n o t a t i o n o f t h e t r a d i t i o n a r e w o r t h t o b e i n h e r i t e d [ 9 ] . T h e a n c i e n t a r c h i t ec t u r e e l e m e n ts' application to the products should not 1699 s im p l y c op y a n d i m i t a t e t h e f o r m b u t a l s o c o m b i n e w i t h ea c h o t h e r o r g a n i c a ll y . T h e c o m b i n a t i o n o f f o r m a n d f u n c t i o n , t h e e ff ec t i v e u s a g e o f t h e s t r u c t u r e s h ou l d b e t h e i n t e g r a t i o n o f f o r m a n d s p i r i t , s o a s t o r a t i o n a ll y r e r ea d i ng t h e t r a d i t i o n w h e n e n s u r i n g t h e c o n t i n u a t i o n o f t h e t r a d i t i o n . T h e d e s i g n w i t h a n c i e n t C h i n e s e a r c h i t ec t u r e e l e m e n t s ca n s h o w t h e C h i n e s e c h a r ac t e r i s t i c s a n d n a t i o n a l c u s t o m s . T h i s k i n d o f d e s i g n c a n m a k e s t h e do m e s t i c u s e r s h a v e i n t im a c y , m e a n w h i l e i t a l s o c o n f o r m s t o t h e d e v e l op i ng t r e n d o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l i z a t i o n [ 10 ] . 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5 ( 10 ) : 13 - 1 6 . [ 2 ] Y i n o n g H U A N G . C h i n e s e A n c i e n t A e s t h e t i c C h a r ac t e r i s t i c s [ J ] . S o c i a l S c i e n ce o f H u n a n N o r m a l U n i v e r s i t y i n C h i n e s e , 1998
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( 08 ) : 1 - 1 0 . [ 4 ] D o n g t a o . W A NG T r y t o T a l k A b o u t t h e C h a r ac t e r i s t i c s o f a C c h i t ec t u r a l i n A n c i e n t C h i n a [ J ] . J o u r n a l o f H e n a n U n i v e r s i t y ( S o c i a l S c i e n ce ) i n C h i n e s e , 2005
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6. 1700