[PDF] Country Office Annual Report 2020 China - 0860 - UNICEF

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Update on the context and situation of children

In 2020, UNICEF delivered programmes across China aligned with the Country Programme Document (2016-2020), and informed by the principles of the UN Charter and the Convention on the Rights of

the Child (CRC). UNICEF also continued to influence and build the capacity of Chinese institutions in

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UNICEF and the Government of China completed the development of its new Country Programme

(2021-2025). The priorities are based on an analysis of persistent disparities relevant to the UNICEF

mandate: addressing the unrealized rights of all vulnerable groups, including children with disabilities,

migrant families and children left-behind; addressing disparities in access to quality social services;

reducing violence against women and children; ensuring the relevance of education for life and work; enhancing adolescent physical and mental health; and optimizing the potential of public and private sectors to influence the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in China and

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While the overall status of children in China has improved, there is a need to promote equity and rights, and reduce disparities between rural and urban areas, across regions, and among vulnerable

children, including children living in poverty, affected by migration, those with disabilities, and ethnic

and religious minorities. This is in line with the principles underpinning the SDGs ± leaving no child

behind. In response to changing economic conditions, environmental risks, and ongoing inequities emerging

from ³high-speed´ to ³high-quality´ development. This includes meeting the ever-growing needs of its

271 million children (2015B

China announced the achievement of its goal of eradicating extreme poverty by 2020. However,

poverty disproportionately affects children, with the poverty rate higher among rural children (2.2 per

cent) than that of the total rural population (1.7 per cent) in 2018. To achieve SDG1, it is important to

address multidimensional child poverty, with a child-sensitive social protection system, and affordable,

VSHŃLMOL]HG MQG LQPHJUMPHG HVVHQPLMO VRŃLMO VHUYLŃHVB Internal migration has stimulated rapid economic growth in China, but it has also impacted access to basic public services for migrant children and children left-behind, affecting their development and

welfare. An estimated 103 million children are affected by migration, of whom 69 million are children

left behind by one or both migrating parents (2015).

Gender inequities continue to persist, evidenced by a skewed sex ratio at birth (112 male to 100 female

occupational choices. Some labour practices and maternity policies also reinforce disproportionate care

burden on women and further disadvantage them in the job market and at home. Notable progress in improving maternal and child health has been demonstrated by the decline in

under-five mortality from 61 per 1,000 live births (1991) to 7.8 per 1,000 live births (2019). However,

with almost half the deaths in the neonatal period, there is a need to improve service quality and populations. Some children face the triple burden of undernutrition, micronutrient deficiency and

overweight, posing challenges for achieving SDG2. Child and adolescent overweight and obesity rates Country Office Annual Report 2020

China - 0860

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factors, including indoor air pollution and inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene services. Some

adolescents experience challenges in seeking health care, and services are not always tailored to meet

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China has achieved universal access to nine-year compulsory education and eliminated gender differences in enrolment of compulsory education. Further improvements in equitable and inclusive

access and quality are still needed to achieve SDG4, including for children affected by migration. The

gross enrolment ratio in three-year pre-primary education reached 83.4 per cent in 2019, with coverage

of affordable kindergartens at 76.01 per cent. However, key challenges and disparities remain. In

poverty-stricken areas of central and western China, the gross enrolment ratio in pre-primary education

is below 75 per cent. There are limited resources in rural areas to ensure universal access and affordability of pre-primary education. The gross enrolment ratio in senior secondary education was

89.5 per cent in 2019, with persisting urban-rural and inter-provincial differences. A notable proportion

of adolescents (4.8 per cent) failed to transition from junior to senior secondary education in 2018.

Consequently, many are unable to acquire transferrable skills through formal education to prepare for

the challenges of life and work, which is exacerbated by the limited availability of alternative learning

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The lack of nationally representative data on child protection significantly hinders monitoring SDG

16.2. A UNICEF-supported 2005 retrospective survey on childhood violence experiences among

young people revealed that 55 per cent of respondents reported having experienced physical violence,

60 per cent reported having experienced psychological violence, and 26 per cent reported having

experienced sexual violence before the age of 16. With rapid advancements in technology, 169 million children aged 6 to 17 years in China have access to the Internet (2018), making online safety for children and adolescents an emerging area for action. An estimated 85 million people are living with various types of disabilities (2010), of whom five

million are children. There is a need to ensure children and families have access to specialized support

services. Inclusive access to health insurance and mainstream schools, early identification and rehabilitation services, and advocacy to eliminate discrimination are necessary for children with disabilities to realize their rights equally. Prone to floods, typhoons, earthquakes and epidemics, China ranks high among countries suffering losses from natural disasters and public health emergencies. The psychosocial, social and economic shocks caused by natural disasters and epidemics can have profound impacts on children, as evidenced by COVID-19. In response to COVID-19, UNICEF scaled down development programme delivery, scaled up COVID-19 supply and emergency programming, and adopted a hybrid model of online and in-person support. Internally, UNICEF made a timely switch to the Work-from-Home (WfH) modality,

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Major contributions and drivers of results

In 2020, UNICEF China undertook its most intense emergency response since the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, and was among the first UN agencies to respond to the urgent need for Personal provision of critical supply and logistics at the onset of the pandemic, combating the primary child protection concerns as well as social protection issues. Through collaborative efforts between UNICEF programme sections, cross-cutting teams and

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operations, PPE, medical equipment and communication materials were delivered to counterparts and target communities. During the implementation of risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) activities, UNICEF worked closely with government partners to organize and present information, collect feedback, as well as monitor and assess the resulting changes at the community level. UNICEF worked with counterparts to translate messages in Yi and Tibetan minority languages to ensure ethnic minority children received COVID-19 prevention information. UNICEF also commissioned research on the impact of COVID-19 on children, with key research findings published

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and community health workers provided with PPE; approximately 134,000 people reached with critical online training modules related to the detection, referral and management of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases, as well as infection control and prevention (637,850 views); key messages on COVID-19 disseminated via social media through the Safe School Campaign jointly launched by UNICEF, Ministry of Education (MOE) and China Center of Disease Control and Prevention (130 million views); and 42 million children, parents, and caregivers provided with mental health and psychosocial support. To ensure inclusive messaging, videos with sign language interpreters were uploaded to the National Education Online Platform, and Braille posters were marked for delivery to

400 special education schools.

UNICEF mobilized US$6 million from the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund (SSCAF) to support COVID-19 response and recovery in six African countries: Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, Cameroon, Ghana, Liberia, and Senegal. In-kind contribution of PPE from Fosun Foundation was also received for Burkina Faso, valuing approximately US$ 160,000B As China was the first country hit by COVID-19, UNICEF China shared regular situation reports with the East Asia and Pacific Regional Office (EAPRO) and UNICEF headquarters (HQ), and experiences from the COVID-19 response activities. Lessons learnt were shared through dedicated SharePoint webpages, and webinars were organized with HQ, EAPRO, and other country offices working on the emergency response. The restriction on travel and lockdown measures negatively affected UNICEF's

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to maintain communication and support to programme partners.

2020 Country Programme focused on project completion, documentation of results, and drawing

experiences from pilot projects to inform future programming. To strengthen capacity on gender integration in programming, UNICEF delivered tailored gender training programs for staff and partners. The major results of 2020 are summarized below. Health, Nutrition and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) While COVID-19 resulted in health needs, disrupted services and changed the types of support requested by national and provincial governments, UNICEF continued to advocate for the rapid return PR SURJUMPPHV MLPLQJ PR LPSURYH 0MPHUQMO MQG FOLOG +HMOPO 0F+ QXPULPLRQ MQG J$6+ VHUYLŃHVB delivery. Inputs provided by UNICEF to the expert consensus statement on early essential newborn

care (EENC), co-released by six leading academic associations, will ensure standardization and scale-

up of EENC services across the country. UNICEF contributed to guidance documents to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and prevent childhood overweight, including the National IYCF Core Messages; the updated Chinese Dietary Guideline for Children aged 0-5 months and 6-23 months; and the National Action Plan on Childhood Obesity Control (2020-2030). In addition, UNICEF focused on increasing evidence and awareness on the important role of the food environment

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WASH in Healthcare Facilities, Child Environmental Health Indicators, and Handwashing Guideline in Response to COVID-19 in School.

UNICEF advocacy and technical support resulted in substantial progress in the Maternal Child Health -

Management Information System (MCH-MIS) pilot project in 2020. The MCH-MIS platform, standards for indicators and data exchange, and the unique ID developed by the project were adopted by the National Action Plan for Health Information and Management System Development. This will amplify the impact of the project to improve service delivery and decision making among health RRUNHUV PMQMJHUV MQG OHMOPO IMŃLOLPLHV MŃURVV POH ŃRXQPU\B UNICEF increased attention on adolescent mental health, an often-neglected area of public health. Findings from the UNICEF-supported online survey suggested significant impact of the pandemic on the mental health of adolescents and young people, providing strong evidence to urge the Government to take immediate action. The evidence on the changing health risks among adolescents was strengthened through supporting the publication of 6 papers in a supplement to the Journal of Adolescent Health RIIHULQJ LQVLJOPV IRU ŃROOHŃPLYH MŃPLRQVB

Education and Child Development

HPRPLRQMO GHYHORSPHQPB 81HF() RRUNHG RLPO M QMPLRQMO H[SHUP PHMP PR UHILQH 6(I UHVRXUŃHV MQG documented best practices and lessons learned. These were compiled into a resource package Family Activities), and provides comprehensive guidance for stakeholders to implement and replicate the SEL programme. UNICEF also supported implementing partners in pilot areas to design and implement scale-up strategies. SEL components were integrated into the provincial principal and teacher professional development programme in Guizhou Province, the teacher training systems in Chongqing Municipality and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Zhong County of Chongqing Municipality also integrated the SEL programme in all primary schools. In Guangxi Autonomous Region, SEL programme was implemented in two additional counties, building on the experience of the pilot county with the support of the provincial project team. development (ECD) demonstrated the effectiveness of the model to improve early childhood care and development. Project experiences were incoporated into the guidance released by the All-China of the State Council on Promoting the Development of Care Services for Infants and Children Under 3 Years of Age in October 2020. To improve the quality of early childhood education (ECE) and narrow the quality gap across the country, a launch meeting was also held with MOE to scale up the play- NMVHG HMUO\ OHMUQLQJ SURJUMP $QÓL 3OM\ POMP RMV SLORPHG LQ *XL]ORX MQG 6OMQGRQJ SURYLQŃHVB

Child Protection

The revised Law on the Protection of Minors, a key legislation on child rights and protection, was adopted in 2020. UNICEF provided technical inputs during the drafting and consultations, and arranged dialogues between the legislative branch and UN agencies. The revised Law will initiate considerable changes to the legal framework of child protection and trigger further policy development, such as online protection for children, an emerging area for greater attention. UNICEF

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The above-mentioned study also prompted UNICEF and the China Disabled Persons Federation to carry out comprehensive research to assess the use of digital technology among children with

disabilities. The findings of this research should provide information on how digital use is affecting

girls and boys differently or similarly, and children with and without disabilities differently or UNICEF continued to support the Government to test community-based child protection models to generate more evidence for strengthening quality services and workforce capacity, ensuring the realization of child rights. UNICEF-supported Barefoot Social Workers (BFSW) model continued to inspire the roll-out of similar community-based models across the country in 2020, with 663,000 villages and communities introducing Child Directors (mirroring BFSW) since the issuance of relevant national policy. The provincial Technical Support Hub (TSH) pilot shows that a well-functioning TSH

could play a critical role in providing quality technical assistance and coordination to support Child

Friendly Spaces in delivering integrated community-based services. UNICEF also launched the

integrated child protection model in four provinces this year, with consolidated experience generated

from different pilots implemented in previous years, and further tested social work approaches to

support vulnerable children and their families in poor rural areas, which is expected to inform policy

and practice.

Social Policy and Inclusion

In 2020, UNICEF invested in knowledge generation, informed learning and exchanges, supported

technical and policy dialogues on child poverty, and participated in international policy discussions.

The capacity of national partners to understand and apply multidimensional poverty in national

policies, particularly those targeting children, were strengthened through evidence generation on the

status quo of child poverty in China, and exploration of models for measurement and monitoring of child poverty. Technical and policy advocacy with academia and key policymakers on how to

approach national policy decisions on child poverty also contributed to enhanced understanding. These

efforts are expected to help national partners make informed decisions on prioritizing child poverty in

the policy agenda. assistance and enhancing capacity and knowledge of Government officials, which contributed to the national policy - Opinions on Reforming and Improving the Social Assistance System in August 2020.

To ensure child-sensitive legislation on social assistance, UNICEF has contributed and will continue to

engage with the wider network of academia in the next steps of the legislation formulation through the

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UNICEF and the Ministry of Finance (MOF) explored ways to optimize the medical insurance preliminary technical review on the medical insurance coverage for children, including migrant children, helped flag this as a priority area to achieve the goals of the Healthy China 2030. UNICEF

conducted research on the institutional and governance issues behind the public healthcare financing in

China, and proposed key directions for MOF to adjust the structure and system of fiscal investment. The recommendations from the research were adopted by MOF, contributing to drafting the healthcare

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the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Working Committee on Children and Women (NWCCW). UNICEF worked with NDRC on developing the early childhood care (ECC) service supply framework through proposing financing options to ensure availability,

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affordability and sustainability of the service provision. This contributed to the roll-out of the National

ECC Sub-plan under the 14th FYP. The evidence generated by a UNICEF-NDRC joint study on basic

public service (BPS) delivery, specifically in rural areas, also contributed to the development of the

National BPS Sub-plan of the 14th FYP, which aims to improve the overall access and quality of BPS and bridge the urban-rural divide.

South-South Cooperation and Partnership

rights has been reflected in key inter-governmental forums through concerted advocacy efforts, to enhance investments for children. Progress was made in implementing SSCAF projects for maternal, newborn, and child health, Cyclone Idai response and recovery, as well as securing more funding for COVID-19 response and recovery. Chinese businesses interested to work in developing countries were MOVR LQIRUPHG MQG LQIOXHQŃHG PR VXSSRUP ŃOLOG ULJOPV MQG GHYHORSPHQPB To help build capacity, UNICEF China increased horizontal cooperation through knowledge

generation and information sharing, in line with international norms and standards. A total of 12 virtual

knowledge exchanges between China and other developing countries were organized, and the topics ranged from COVID-19 SUHYHQPLRQ MQG ŃRQPURO PR HPHUJHQŃ\ PMQMJHPHQP PR J$6+B In terms of innovative finance, UNICEF engaged on four jointly identified projects in WASH in South Asia to demonstrate the value-add in terms of sustainability and social impact that UNICEF brings to POH SURÓHŃPV RI POH $VLMQ HQIUMVPUXŃPXUH HQYHVPPHQP %MQN $HH%B Moving forward, UNICEF China will continue to share best practices with the China International Development Cooperation Agency and China International Center for Economic and Technical

Public Communication and Advocacy

UNICEF-supported campaigns, events, data and evidence helped position the importance of child rights as a key element of sustainable development in China and reached millions of people. In 2020, UNICEF worked closely with media and technical partners to develop key messages during the pandemic, particularly on essential health information related to COVID-19, reaching around 53.2 blue across China and hundreds of millions of impressions being reached every year with messages on

child rights. In 2020, a series of advocacy initiatives both online and offline, such as light up events, a

week-long running campaign, Forum on Climate Change and Youth Action, were carried out in collaboration with partners from the Government, private sector and media, with participation fromquotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25

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