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Demographic characteristics of international migration

Women comprised slightly less than half of all international migrants. The share of women in the total number of

international migrants fell from 49.3 per cent in 2000 to 47.9 per cent in 2019. The share of migrant women varied across

regions. In 2019, the percentage of females among all international migrants was highest in Northern America (51.8 per cent)

and Europe (51.4 per cent). Oceania (50.4 per cent), Latin America and the Caribbean (49.9 per cent), Central and Southern

Asia (49.4 per cent), and Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (49.3 per cent) hosted an almost equal proportion of female and male

migrants. The proportion of female migrants was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa (47.5 per cent) and Northern Africa and Western

Asia (35.5 per cent).

The median age of international migrants worldwide was 39 years in 2019. International migrants living in sub-Saharan

Africa were the youngest, with a median age of 30.9 years in 2019, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean (33.8 years),

Northern Africa and Western Asia (34.0 years), and Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (35.7 years). In contrast, migrants were older

in Central and Southern Asia (40.8 years), Europe (42.7 years), Oceania (42.9 years), and Northern America (43.5 years).

One out of every seven international migrants was below the age of 20. In 2019, the number of international migrants

below age 20 reached 38 million, or 13.9 per cent of the global migrant stock. Sub-Saharan Africa hosted the highest proportion

of young persons among all international migrants (27.3 per cent), followed by Latin America and the Caribbean, and Northern

Africa and Western Asia (21.6 per cent each). The share of those under age 20 among all migrants was smaller in Eastern and

South-Eastern Asia (13.3 per cent), Central and Southern Asia (13.2 per cent), Oceania (11 per cent), Europe, and Northern

America (8.8 per cent each).

Three out of every four international migrants were of working age. In 2019, 202 million international migrants, equivalent

to 74.2 per cent of the global migrant stock, were between the ages of 20 and 64. More than three quarters of international

migrants were of working age in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (77.4 per cent), Europe (76.8 per cent), and Northern America

(75.1 per cent). The share of persons of working age among all international migrants was smaller in Northern Africa and Western

Asia (73.9 per cent), Central and Southern Asia (70.9 per cent), Oceania (70.3 per cent), Latin America and the Caribbean (68.9

per cent), and sub-Saharan Africa (68.2 per cent).

In 2019, approximately 32 million international migrants, or 11.8 per cent of the global migrant stock, were aged 65 years

or over. Oceania recorded the highest share of older persons among all international migrants in 2019 (18.8 per cent), followed

by Northern America, Central and Southern Asia, and Europe (16.2 per cent, 15.9 per cent, and 14.4 per cent, respectively).

International migrants aged 65 or over represented 9.5 per cent of all migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean, 9.2 per cent

in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, 4.5 per cent in Northern Africa and Western Asia, and 4.5 per cent in sub-Saharan Africa.

Refugees and asylum-seekers

In 2017, the number of refugees and asylum-seekers worldwide was nearly 29 million. Two thirds of all refugees and

asylum-seekers lived in Northern Africa and Western Asia (13.1 million) and sub-Saharan Africa (5.9 million). Central and

Southern Asia as well as Europe each hosted 3.6 million refugees and asylum-seekers. The remaining four regions hosted a

combined total of 2.5 million refugees and asylum-seekers.

Around 10.6 per cent of all international migrants were refugees and asylum-seekers. The share of refugees and asylum-

seekers in the total number of migrants was an estimated 27 per cent in Northern Africa and Western Asia, 25.2 per cent in

sub-Saharan Africa, and 18.4 per cent in Central and Southern Asia. By contrast, refugees and asylum-seekers represented 5.2

per cent of international migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean, 4.4 per cent in Europe, 3.5 per cent in Eastern and South-

Eastern Asia, 1.9 per cent in Northern America, and 1.2 per cent in Oceania.

Migrant remittances

In 2018, migrant remittances reached an estimated US$688 billion globally. Remittances to developing countries have

risen from around US$76 billion in 2000 to an estimated US$498 billion in 2018. Countries in Europe recorded the highest in?ow

of remittances in 2018 (US$173 billion), followed by Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (US$155 billion), Central and Southern

Asia (US$142 billion), Latin America and the Caribbean (US$90 billion), Northern Africa and Western Asia (US$69 billion), sub-

Saharan Africa (US$46 billion), Northern America (US$9 billion), and Oceania (US$4 billion). Legal instruments related to international migration

Rati?cation of legal instruments related to international migration increased, but remained uneven. By 2019, the 1951

Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol had been rati?ed by 146 and 147 Member States or Permanent Observer States of

the United Nations, respectively. Likewise, 147 countries had rati?ed the protocol seeking to stem migrant smuggling, and 172

countries had rati?ed the protocol to combat human tra cking. However, only 54 United Nations Member States, or around one

quarter of all countries, had rati?ed the 1990 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers

and Members of Their Families.

Two global compacts related to international migration were adopted by a majority of United Nations Member States in

December 2018. Of 193 Member States, 181 states voted in favour of the adoption of the Global Compact on Refugees, while

152 states voted in favour of the adoption of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration.Five

Four Three

One or two

None

No data10 billion or over

1 billion to less than 10 billion

200 million to less than 1 billion

50 million to less than 200 million

Less than 50 million

No data

Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social A?airs, Population Division (2019). International Migrant Stock 2019. Available at: www.unmigration.org.

?e designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning

the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in

Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. ?e nal status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan and

the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning

sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). Rati?cation of legal instruments related to international migration, 2019

In?ows of migrant remittances, 2018 (US$)

Age and sex distribution of international migrants by SDG region, 2019 (percentage) International migrants as a percentage of total population, 201920 per cent or over

10 to less than 20 per cent

5 to less than 10 per cent

1 to less than 5 per cent

Less than 1 per cent

No data

Countries with the largest numbers of international migrants, 2000 and 2019 (millions) International migrants by SDG region, 2000 and 2019 (millions) Percentage of females among all international migrants, 201955 per cent or over

50 to less than 55 per cent

45 to less than 50 per cent

40 to less than 45 per cent

Less than 40 per cent

No data

Data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social A?airs, Population Division (2019). International Migrant Stock 2019. Available at: www.unmigration.org.

?e designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning

the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in

Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. ?e nal status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan and

the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning

sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

International Migration 2019

Population Division

www.unpopulation.org

Levels and trends in international migration

In 2019, the number of international migrants worldwide was nearly 272 million, up from 221 million in 2010 and 174

million in 2000. More than half of all international migrants lived in Europe (82 million) or Northern America (59 million).

Northern Africa and Western Asia hosted the third largest number of international migrants (49 million), followed by sub-

Saharan Africa (24 million), Central and Southern Asia (20 million), Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (18 million), Latin America

and the Caribbean (12 million), and Oceania (9 million).

About 3.5 per cent of the world population were international migrants, compared to 2.8 per cent in 2000. The share

of international migrants in total population varied considerably across regions. Oceania (21.2 per cent), Northern America

(16.0 per cent), Europe (11.0 per cent), and Northern Africa and Western Asia (9.4 per cent) recorded the highest proportions

of international migrants in the total population. By contrast, international migrants represented 2.2 per cent of the total

population in sub-Saharan Africa, 1.8 per cent in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1.0 per cent in Central and Southern Asia,

and 0.8 per cent in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia.

In many parts of the world, migration occurred primarily between countries within the same region. Most international

migrants in sub-Saharan Africa (88.9 per cent), Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (83.1 per cent), Latin America and the Caribbean

(72.5 per cent), Central and Southern Asia (63.0 per cent), and Europe (51.6) originated from another country in the same region

where they resided. By contrast, the majority of international migrants that lived in Northern America (97.5 per cent), Oceania

(87.9 per cent), and Northern Africa and Western Asia (59.4 per cent) were born in a region other than the one they were residing

in.

In 2019, two thirds of all international migrants were living in just 20 countries. The largest number of international

migrants (51 million) resided in the United States of America, equal to about 19 per cent of the world"s total. Germany and Saudi

Arabia hosted the second and third largest numbers of migrants worldwide (around 13 million each), followed by the Russian

Federation (12 million), the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (10 million), and the United Arab Emirates

(9 million). Of the 20 main destination countries of international migrants worldwide, seven were in Europe, four in Northern

Africa and Western Asia, three in Central and Southern Asia, two in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, two in Northern America,

and one each in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania.

De?nitions

International migrants: The midyear (1 July) estimate of the number of people living in a country or area other than that in

which they were born. Where the number of foreign-born was not available, the estimate refers to the number of people living

in a country other than that of their citizenship. Data are presented in thousands.

International migrants as a share of total population: The number of international migrants divided by the total population.

Data are expressed as percentages.

Females among all international migrants: The number of migrant women and girls divided by the total number of

international migrants. Data are expressed as percentages.

International migrants by age group in 2019: The number of international migrants in a particular age group divided by the

total number of international migrants. The data are shown for three age groups: 0-19, 20-64 and 65 or over. Data are expressed

as percentages.

Median age of international migrants: The age that divides the migrant population in two parts of equal size, that is, there are

as many persons with ages above the median as there are with ages below the median. Data are presented in years.

Migrants originating from the same SDG region: The number of international migrants born in a country of the same SDG

region where they reside divided by the total number of international migrants residing in the country with known origin.

Unknown origin residuals were not imputed. SDG sub-regions Europe and Northern America are treated separately. Data are

expressed as percentages.

Refugees: The number of people that are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees

and its 1967 Protocol or under the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Speci?c Aspects of Refugee

Problems in Africa; those granted refugee status in accordance with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR) Statute; those granted humanitarian status or temporary protection by the State in which they ?nd themselves; those

in refugee-like situations; and Palestinian refugees registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine

Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). Data include asylum-seekers and are presented in thousands.

Refugees as a share of international migrants: The number of refugees and asylum-seekers in 2017 divided by the number

of international migrants in 2019. Data are expressed as percentages.

In?ows of migrant remittances: Remittances are de?ned as the sum of three components: (a) workers' remittances recorded

under the heading “current transfers" in the current account of the balance of payments; (b) compensation of employees which

includes wages, salaries, and other bene?ts of border, seasonal, and other nonresident workers (such as local sta of embassies)

and which are recorded under the “income" subcategory of the current account; and (c) migrants" transfers which are reported

under “capital transfers" in the capital account of the IMF"s Balance of Payments Yearbook (item codes 2391, 2310, and 2431

respectively). Regional and other aggregates were calculated by the United Nations Population Division. All data are reported

in current (nominal) US dollars and are presented in millions.

Rati?cation of legal instruments related to international migration: The legal instruments related to international migration

rati?ed by each Member State or Permanent Observer State of the United Nations. The legal instruments refer to: (a) the 1951

Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, (b) the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, (c) the 1990 International

Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, (d) the 2000 Protocol to

Prevent, Suppress and Punish Tra cking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, and (e) the 2000 Protocol against the

Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air. Data are presented by type of legal instrument.

Adoption of global compacts: Countries that voted "Yes" on the adoption of the global compacts related to international

migration in the 73rd General Assembly of the United Nations. The global compacts refer to: (A) the Global Compact for Safe,

Orderly and Regular Migration, (B) the Global Compact on Refugees. Data are presented by type of global compact.

Sources

For the international migrants by sex, age and origin: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social A?airs, Population

Division (2019). International Migrant Stock 2019. See: www.unmigration.org.

For total population: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Aairs, Population Division (2019). World Population

Prospects 2019. See: https://population.un.org/wpp/.

For refugees and asylum-seekers: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2019). UNHCR Statistical Online

Population Database. See: http://popstats.unhcr.org. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the

Near East (UNRWA) (2019). UNRWA in ?gures. See: www.unrwa.org.

For remittances: World Bank (2019). Annual Remittances Data: Migrant Remittance In?ows. See: http://www.worldbank.org/en/

topic/migrationremittancesdiasporaissues/brief/migration-remittances-data (as of April 2019).

For legal instruments: United Nations Treaty Collection; see http://treaties.un.org (as of 17 May 2019).

For global compacts: United Nations Digital Library; see https://digitallibrary.un.org (as of 21 May 2019).

Oceania

Latin America and

the CaribbeanEastern and South-

Eastern AsiaCentral and Southern

AsiaSub-Saharan AfricaNorthern Africa and

Western AsiaNorthern AmericaEurope

2019
2000

ϮUnited States of America

Germany

Saudi Arabia

Russian Federation

United Kingdom

United Arab Emirates

France

Canada

Australia

Italy 2019
2000

864202468 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+Sub-Saharan Africa

MaleFemale

10864202468 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+Northern Africa and Western Asia

MaleFemale

64202468 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+Central and Southern Asia

MaleFemale

864202468 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+Eastern and South-Eastern Asia

MaleFemale

864202468 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+Latin America and the Caribbean

MaleFemale

64202468 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+Oceania

MaleFemale

64202468 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+Europe

MaleFemale

64202468 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+Northern America

MaleFemale

SSA

Sub-Saharan Africa

OCE

Oceania

NAWA

Northern Africa and Western Asia

NA

Northern America

LAC

Latin America and the Caribbean

EUR

Europe

ESEA

Eastern and South-Eastern Asia

CSA

Central and Southern Asia

UNK

Unknown

The infographics represent international migration patterns as vectors from origin to destination by SDG regions. For more

information on international migration patterns by origin and destination, please see www.unmigration.org.

International Migration 2019

Population Division

www.unpopulation.org

The Department of Economic and Social A?airs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in

the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i)

it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which States

Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations

of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges;

and (iii)it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations

conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities.

The Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Aairs provides the international community with timely

and accessible population data and analysis of population trends and development outcomes for all countries and areas of the

world. To this end, the Division undertakes regular studies of population size and characteristics and of all three components of

population change (fertility, mortality and migration). Founded in 1946, the Population Division provides substantive support

on population and development issues to the United Nations General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the

Commission on Population and Development. It also leads or participates in various interagency coordination mechanisms of

the United Nations system. The work of the Division also contributes to strengthening the capacity of Member States to monitor

population trends and to address current and emerging population issues.

About International Migration 2019: Wall Chart

The Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social A?airs issues new global estimates of the number of

international migrants for all countries and areas of the world, disaggregated by age, sex, country of origin and country of

destination. These data are published in the biennial updates of the International Migrant Stock dataset (available at: https://www.

un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/index.asp). This wall chart is based on the latest data on international

migration for 232 countries and areas of the world from the 2019 revision of the International Migrant Stock dataset, covering the

period from 1990 to 2019.

This publication is available in electronic format on the Division"s website at www.unpopulation.org. For further information about

this publication, please contact the Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Aairs, United Nations, Two United

Nations Plaza, DC2-1950, New York, 10017, USA; phone: +1 212-963-3209; email:population@un.org.

Suggested citation:

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Aairs, Population Division (2019). International Migration 2019: Wall Chart

(ST/ESA/SER/A/431).

O cial symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with numbers, as illustrated in the above

citation.

Published by the United Nations

eISBN: 978-92-1-004545-2

Copyright © 2019 by United Nations, made available under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)

International

Migration

2019

Wall Chart

Notes

The designations employed in this publication and the material presented in it do not imply the expression of any opinions whatsoever on the part of the

Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its

frontiers or boundaries.

The term “country" as used in this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas.

i.

The designations “more developed regions" and “less developed regions" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a

judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. ii.

The country classi?cation by income level is based on June 2018 GNI per capita from the World Bank. As data on the GNI are not available for all

countries or areas, the migrant stock ?gures by income groups do not add up to the world total. iii.

Countries and areas are grouped geographically into six major areas designated as: Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America and the Caribbean; Northern

America, and Oceania.

iv.

Countries and areas are grouped into seven Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) regions as de?ned by the United Nations Statistics Division and used

for The Sustainable Development Goals Report (https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/regional-groups/).

v. More developed regions comprise Europe, Northern America, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. vi.

Less developed regions comprise all regions of Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), Latin America and the Caribbean plus Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia.

vii.

The group of least developed countries includes 47 countries: 32 in sub-Saharan Africa, 2 in Northern Africa and Western Asia, 4 in Central and Southern

Asia, 4 in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, 1 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 4 in Oceania. Further information is available at http://unohrlls.org/

about-ldcs/. viii.

Among the seven geographic regions used for tracking progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), only sub-Saharan Africa lacks

designated sub-regions (https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/regional-groups/). The four sub-regions used in this table for sub-Saharan Africa

(Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Southern Africa and Western Africa) have been borrowed from the “Standard country or area codes for statistical use

(M49)" of the United Nations Statistics Division (https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/). Because of the magnitude of migrant stock in the

SDG region Europe and Northern America and to maintain continuity with previous revisions of the international migrant stock produced by the

Population Division, Europe, combining the four sub-regions Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe and Western Europe, and the sub-

region Northern America are also presented separately. Two dots (..) indicate that data are not available, not applicable or not reported separately.

A dash (-) indicates that no legal instrument was rati?ed or that the corresponding country did not vote “Yes" on the adoption of the global compacts.

If not noted otherwise, data refer to 1 July of the year indicated. (B) Estimates of the migrant stock were based on the foreign-born population. (C) Estimates of the migrant stock were based on the population of foreign citizens. (R) Refugees and asylum-seekers were added to the estimates of international migrants.

(I) There were no data on international migrants and estimates of the migrant stock were imputed.

1.

Including Agalega, Rodrigues and Saint Brandon.

2.

Including Zanzibar.

3.

Including Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

4. The estimates of migrant stock for 2000 refer to Sudan and South Sudan. 5.

Including Nagorno-Karabakh.

6.

Including Northern-Cyprus.

7.

Including Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

8.

Including East Jerusalem. Refugees are not part of the foreign-born migrant stock in the State of Palestine.

9.

For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include Hong Kong and Macao, Special Administrative Regions (SAR) of China.

10. As of 1 July 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. 11. As of 20 December 1999, Macao became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. 12.

Including Sabah and Sarawak.

13. The estimates of migrant stock for 2000 refer to the former Netherlands Antilles. 14. Including Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin (French part). 15.

A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over

the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). 16. Including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island. 17.

Including Pitcairn.

18.

Including Transnistria.

19.

Including Crimea.

20.

Refers to Guernsey, and Jersey.

21.

Including Åland Islands.

22.

Including Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands.

23.

Refers to the Vatican City State.

24.
Including Kosovo. The estimates of migrant stock for 2000 refer to Serbia and Montenegro. 25.

Including Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla.

Region, sub-region, country or

area i,ii,iii,iv

International migrants

(thousands)

International migrants

as a share of total population (percentage)

Females among all

international migrants (percentage)

International migrants by

age group in 2019 (percentage)

Median

age of international migrants (years)

Migrants

originating from the same SDG region (percentage)

Refugees

(thousands)

Refugees as

a share of international migrants (percentage)

In?ows of migrant

remittances (millions of US$)

Rati?cation

of legal instruments related to international migration (type)

Adoption

of global compacts (type)

More developed regions

v

Less developed regions

vi

Least developed countries

vii

Less developed regions, excluding

least developed countries

High-income countries103,029.7175,811.89.314.049.147.610.676.512.840.729.74,734.82.752,069.0160,102.4

Middle-income countries61,159.082,237.71.31.449.548.218.170.911.036.670.418,498.722.571,643.7497,461.8

Low-income countries8,975.613,072.11.91.750.450.931.964.14.028.985.15,478.041.93,037.030,603.9 No income group available424.1520.518.717.950.652.622.770.76.434.650.20.00.0

Latin America and the Caribbean6,570.711,673.31.31.850.149.921.668.99.533.872.5607.35.220,346.789,771.8

Northern America40,351.758,647.812.916.050.551.88.875.116.243.52.51,086.31.94,400.09,420.8

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

viii Eastern Africa4,847.17,908.21.91.848.849.937.558.73.827.087.83,829.948.4550.38,278.2

Burundi

B R

125.6321.02.02.851.450.730.064.95.131.199.765.920.5..36.0a, b, d, eA, B

Comoros

B

13.812.52.51.552.851.618.476.25.435.495.70.00.0..142.6-A, B

Djibouti

B Rquotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25

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