[PDF] Industry 4.0 Challenges and solutions for the digital transformation

What is the environmental impact of oil spills?

The environmental impact of oil spills can be nothing short of devastating. The magnitude of the impact nonetheless depends crucially on the amount and type of oil that is spilled, the location of the spill, the time of the year, as well as on local sea and weather conditions (Patin, 1999).

How can shipbuilders reduce environmental pollution?

For shipbuilders, sources of environmental pollution arising from spills may be harder to influence, compared with improving energy-efficiency, but could be addressed through changes in ship design and structures. 144. Oil and fuel 145.

Which activities in shipbuilding are of highest direct environmental concern?

The activities in shipbuilding that are of highest direct environmental concern include: metal working activities, including thermal metal cutting, welding and grinding; surface treatment operations, including abrasive blasting, coating and painting; ship maintenance and repair activities, such as bilge and tank cleaning; and noise. 36.

What is the lack of information on the industry's emissions?

In fact, lack of information on matters such as the industry‘s emissions of greenhouse gases extends to virtually all other potential environmental impacts of the industry, including discharge of wastes, emissions of pollutants to air soil of water, and the consumption of energy and raw materials.