Ester Synthesis Lab (Student Handout)
Lab Partner: Date: Class Period: Ester Synthesis Lab (Student Handout). Lab Report Components:.
Grade 12 Chemistry: A Foundation for Implementation
Jan 21 2011 ... (Preparation Guide) 23. Appendix 1.9C: Test Tube Mystery: Lab Activity ... (Answer Key) 8. Appendix 3.3A: Chemical Kinetics: Assignment 2 11.
Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
Myristic acid CH3(CH2)12—CO2H Dec. 58 Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters. 51. Reactions of Esters. 52. Synthesis of Esters: Esterification Reactions. • ...
The Preparation of Esters
Esters were formed during the experiment by combining sulfuric acid one of six alcohols
Gr 12 Term 1 2019 PS Resource Pack.pdf
Dec 24 2018 Aim: To prepare esters from alcohols and carboxylic acids. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS. [2]. Carboxylic acid. Alcohol. Odour of ester ethanol.
Determination of Total Lipids as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) by
Dec 29 2015 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy. Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36- ...
UGA Extension
In. Lesson Two MAKING SCENTS OF ESTERS
The Ontario Curriculum Grades 11 and 12: Science
https://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/2009science11_12.pdf
Method 8061A: Phthalate Esters by Gas Chromatography with
1 Prepare stock standard solutions at a concentration of 1000 mg/L by 8.4 Sample Quality Control for Preparation and Analysis - The laboratory must also have.
FET PHYSICAL SCIENCES TERM 1 & 2 2019 TRAINING HANDOUT
MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE Grade 12 Term 1 Topic 2 Support your answer with ... In this experiment esters are prepared from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid ...
Gr 12 Term 1 2019 PS Resource Pack.pdf
24 Dec 2018 Formal Experiment: Preparation of esters ... 4 Grade 12 Physical Sciences ... Support your answer by means of a relevant equation.
Ester Synthesis Lab (Student Handout)
Esters are produced by the reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids. For example reacting ethanol with acetic acid to give ethyl acetate is shown below.
GRADE 12 PRESCRIBED EXPERIMENT 1: PREPARATION OF
Preparation and identification of Esters. 2. Aim of the experiment. * To synthesize/prepare esters methylbutanoate and ethylbutanoate.
Physical Science Teacher Guide
Preparation of esters and smell identification Grade 12 Physical Science learners in providing material that will assist them in preparation for the ...
P HYSICAL SCIENCES
Statement Grades R-9 and the National Curriculum Statement Grades 10-12 (2002). Experiment 2 (Physics): Electric circuits with ... Preparation of esters.
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12
GRADE 12. PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2). MAY/JUNE 2018 12. Write neatly and legibly. ... prepare the ester ethylmethanoate in the laboratory?
Experiment 39B - THE CHEMISTRY OF SMELL
17 Apr 2015 Part A: Synthesis of Esters. 1. You will be synthesizing two of three esters from the chemical reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
predict the products of ester synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. Carboxylic acids with 12 to 20 carbon atoms are often referred to as fatty acids ...
Esterification.pdf
21 Jul 2006 An ester is produced when an organic acid reacts with an alcohol in a reaction called esterification. In the synthesis.
Lab 1: Synthesis - The University of Akron
Esters are produced by the reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids For example reacting ethanol with acetic acid to give ethyl acetate is shown below ? In the case of ethyl acetate R1 is a CH3 group and R2 is a CH3CH2 group Naming esters systematically requires naming the functional groups on both sides of the bridging oxygen
Experiment 13 What’s That Smell? (Synthesis of Esters)
Esters are readily prepared from the condensation reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol catalyzed by the addition of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid This reaction is described as: O ROH+HOCR' R OCR'+ H2O alcohol carboxylicesteracid Two examples are shown below: CH3CH2OH ethanol CH3 OH + methanol HOCCH3 ethanoicacid HOCCH2CH3
Experiment 18 — Synthesis of Esters - Amherst
The most common method for preparing esters is acid-catalyzed reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol a process known as Fischer esterification The reaction is reversible and requires excess reactant and/or removal of water to drive it to completion
Lab$12:$Synthesisof$anEster$ - California State University
Esters can beprepared bythis method in the presence of an acid catalyst To force the reactionequilibriumtotheright(infavoroftheester)oneofthestartingmaterialsmustbeusedinexcess As the carboxylic acid ismore easily removed from the reaction mixtureit will be used as theexcess reagent
How are esters prepared?
- Esters are readily prepared from the condensation reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, catalyzed by the addition of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid. This reaction is described as: The reactions illustrate how the names of esters are derived.
What does an ester smell like?
- TERM 1: PRACTICAL WORK KNOWLEDGE AREA: MATTER AND MATERIALS 5.1 PREPARATION OF ESTERS AND SMELL IDENTIFICATION INTRODUCTION Esters have a very fruity smell. Naturally occurring esters are found in fruits. Esters can be synthesised by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. This reaction is known as esterification.
How do carboxylic acids and alcohols make esters?
- In this lab, several different carboxylic acids and alcohols will be used to make several esters. Esters are readily prepared from the condensation reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, catalyzed by the addition of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid. This reaction is described as:
What chemicals are in a Grade 12 Chemistry exam?
- • Chemicals: methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethanoic acid, salicylic acid, sulphuric acid and 0,5 mol.dm-3sodium carbonate PHYSICAL SCIENCES SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT EXEMPLARS – 7 CAPS GRADE 12 TEACHER GUIDE
Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
Mr. Kevin A. Boudreaux
Angelo State University
CHEM 2353 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Organic and Biochemistry for Today (Seager & Slabaugh) www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudreaChapter Objectives: •Learn to recognize the carboxylic acid, ester, and related functional groups. •Learn the IUPAC system for naming carboxylic acids and esters. •Learn the important physical properties of the carboxylic acids and esters. •Learn the major chemical reaction of carboxylic acids and esters, and learn how to predict the products of ester synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. •Learn some of the important properties of condensation polymers, especially the polyesters.Chapter 5Carboxylic Acids and Esters
2Carboxylic Acids
•Carboxylic acids are weak organic acids which contain the carboxyl group (RCO 2 H): • The tart flavor of sour-tasting foods is often caused by the presence of carboxylic acids.RCOH a carboxylic acid O C O O H the carboxyl groupCOHORCOOH RCO
2 H condensed ways of writing the carboxyl groupChapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
3Nomenclature of
Carboxylic Acids
4Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids
• Select the longest carbon chain containing the carboxyl group. The -eending of the parent alkane name is replaced by the suffix -oic acid.
• The carboxyl carbon is always numbered "1" but the number is not included in the name. • Name the substituents attached to the chain in the usual way. • Aromatic carboxylic acids (i.e., with a CO 2 H directly connected to a benzene ring) are named after the parent compound, benzoic acid. C OHOBenzoic acid
Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
5Examples: Naming Carboxylic Acids
• Name the following compounds:HCOHOCH
3 COHO CH 3 CH 2COHOCCH
2 CH 2 CH 3 HOO 6Examples: Naming Carboxylic Acids
• Name the following compounds: CH 3 CHCH 2 COHB rO CH 3 CHCH 2 COH CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 O COHO CH 3 CH 2 CHCH 3Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
7Examples: Naming Carboxylic Acids
• Name the following compounds: CH 3 CCH 3 COHO CH 2 CH 2 CHCH 3 CH 3CH C OHOCH
3 8Examples: Naming Carboxylic Acids
• Name the following compounds: COHO CH 3 CH 3 CO 2 H Cl CO OH CH 3 CHCH 3Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
9More Complicated Acids
• For molecules with two carboxylic acid groups the carbon chain in between the two carboxyl groups (including the carboxyl carbons) is used as the longest chain; the suffix -dioic acidis used.
• For molecules with more than two carboxylic acid groups, the carboxyl groups are named as carboxylic acid substituents.
CO HO CO OH ethanedioic acid CCH 2 CO HOO OH propanedioic acid CHCH 2 CH 2 CO CO COOHOHHO
propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid 10Examples: Drawing Carboxylic Acids
• Draw structural formulas for the following molecules: - 2-methylpropanoic acid - 2,2,5-trimethylhexanoic acid - 4,5-dimethyl-3-nitrooctanoic acidChapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
11Examples: Drawing Carboxylic Acids
• Draw structural formulas for the following molecules: -para-bromobenzoic acid - 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid - 4-ethylpentanedioic acid (what's wrong with this name?) 12Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
13Physical Properties of
Carboxylic Acids
14Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
• Carboxylic acids hydrogen bond to themselves to form a dimer: RC OO H RCOH O RC OO H HOH OH H • Carboxylic acids also form hydrogen bonds towater molecules:Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
15Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
• Since carboxylic acids can form more than one set of hydrogen bonds, their boiling points are usually higher than those of other molecules of the same molecular weight (MW).
• Low-MW carboxylic acids are generally liquids at room temp. (often, they are somewhat oily); higher-MW carboxylic acids are generally waxy solids.
• Carboxylic acids with 12 to 20 carbon atoms are often referred to as fatty acids, since they are found in the triglycerides in fats and oils (more later).
• Short-chain carboxylic acids are also generally more soluble in water than compounds of similar MW, since they can hydrogen bond to more than one water molecule.
16Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
• As the number of carbons in a carboxylic acid series becomes greater, the boiling point increases and the solubility in water decreases.
• Many carboxylic acids that are liquids at room temperature have characteristically sharp or unpleasant odors.
- Ethanoic acid/acetic acid is the main ingredient in vinegar. - Butanoic acid is partially responsible for the odor of locker rooms and unwashed socks. - Hexanoic acid is responsible for the odor of Limburger cheese.• Like most acids, carboxylic acids tend to have a sour taste (e.g., vinegar, citric acid, etc.)
Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
17 Common NameStructural FormulaBP (°C)MP (°C)Solubility (g/100 mL H 2 O)Formic acid H - CO
2H 101 8 Infinite
Acetic acid CH
3 - CO 2H 118 17 Infinite
Propionic acid CH
3 CH 2 - CO 2H 141 -21 Infinite
Butyric acid CH
3 (CH 2 2 - CO 2H 164 -5 Infinite
Valeric acid CH
3 (CH 2 3 - CO 2H 186 -34 5
Caproic acid CH
3 (CH 2 4 - CO 2H 205 -3 1
Caprylic acid CH
3 (CH 2 6 - CO 2H 239 17 Insoluble
Capric acid CH
3 (CH 2 8 - CO 2H 270 32 Insoluble
Lauric acid CH
3 (CH 2 10 - CO 2H 299 44 Insoluble
Myristic acid CH
3 (CH 2 12 - CO 2H Dec. 58 Insoluble
Palmitic acid CH
3 (CH 2 14 - CO 2H Dec. 63 Insoluble
Stearic acid CH
3 (CH 2 16 - CO 2 H Dec. 71 InsolubleTable 5.2Physical properties of some carboxylic acids 18Boiling Points of Various Functional Groups
Figure 5.4
The boiling points of carboxylic acids compared to 1° alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, ethers and alkanes.
Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
19 NameMolecular weightBoiling pointSolubility in waterPentane 72 g/mol 35°C Insoluble
Diethyl ether 74 g/mol 35°C Insoluble
Butanal 72 g/mol 76°C / 100 mL H
2 O1-Butanol 74 g/mol 118°C / 100 mL H
2 OPropanoic acid 74 g/mol 141°C Infinite
Boiling Point:
Carboxylic acid
Alcohols
Aldehydes/Ketones
Ethers
AlkanesWater Solubility:
Carboxylic acid
Alcohols
Aldehydes/Ketones
Ethers
Alkanes
Comparing Physical Properties
20Examples: Predicting Physical Properties
• Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point. (All of the compounds have about the same molecular weight.)
- 1-pentanol - hexane - butanoic acid -pentanal• Which member of each of the following pairs of compounds would you expect to have a higher solubility in water?
- 2-butanone orpropanoic acid - hexanoic acid orethanoic acidChapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
21Some Important
Carboxylic Acids
22Important Carboxylic Acids
COMethanoic acid
(Formic acid) (from Latin formica, ant)A component of the venom
of ants and caterpillars; produced in the body when methanol is consumedHOHCOEthanoic acid
(Acetic acid) (from Latin acetum, vinegar)Vinegar is a 5% solution of
acetic acid dissolved in water; acetic acid is also responsible for the taste of sour wine (from the oxidation of ethanol) and sourdough breadCH 3 OH COPropanoic acid
(Propionic acid)Found in Swiss cheese;
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