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Oracle® Database

JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference

10g Release 2 (10.2)

B14355-04

March 2010

This book describes how to use the Oracle JDBC drivers to develop powerful Java database applications. Oracle Database JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference, 10g Release 2 (10.2)

B14355-04

Copyright © 1999, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Venkatasubramaniam Iyer, Elizabeth Hanes Perry, Brian Wright, Thomas Pfaeffle

Contributing Author: Brian Martin

Contributor: Kuassi Mensah, Magdi Morsi, Ron Peterson, Ekkehard Rohwedder, Ashok Shivarudraiah,

Catherine Wong, Ed Shirk, Tong Zhou, Longxing Deng, Jean de Lavarene, Rosie Chen, Sunil Kunisetty, Joyce

Yang, Mehul Bastawala, Luxi Chidambaran, Srinath Krishnaswamy, Rajkumar Irudayaraj, Scott Urman,

Jerry Schwarz, Steve Ding, Soulaiman Htite, Douglas Surber, Anthony Lai, Paul Lo, Prabha Krishna, Ellen

Siegal, Susan Kraft, Sheryl Maring, Angie Long

This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on

use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your

license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license,

transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse

engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is

prohibited.

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If

you find any errors, please report them to us in writing.

If this software or related documentation is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on

behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data

delivered to U.S. Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data"

pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As

such, the use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation shall be subject to the restrictions and

license terms set forth in the applicable Government contract, and, to the extent applicable by the terms of

the Government contract, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software

License (December 2007). Oracle USA, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065.

This software is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications. It is not

developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications which may

create a risk of personal injury. If you use this software in dangerous applications, then you shall be

responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure the safe use

of this software. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of

this software in dangerous applications.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks

of their respective owners.

This software and documentation may provide access to or information on content, products, and services

from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all

warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services. Oracle Corporation and

its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of

third-party content, products, or services. iii

Contents

Preface............................................................................................................................................................... xix

Audience..................................................................................................................................................... xix

Documentation Accessibility................................................................................................................... xix

Related Documents................................................................................................................................... xx

Conventions .............................................................................................................................................. xxii

Part I Overview

1 Introducing JDBC

Overview of JDBC.................................................................................................................................... 1-1

Overview of the Oracle JDBC Drivers................................................................................................. 1-1

Common Features of Oracle JDBC Drivers.................................................................................... 1-2

JDBC Thin Driver............................................................................................................................... 1-3

JDBC OCI Driver................................................................................................................................ 1-3

JDBC Server-Side Thin Driver.......................................................................................................... 1-3

JDBC Server-Side Internal Driver.................................................................................................... 1-4

Choosing the Appropriate Driver.................................................................................................... 1-4

Feature Differences Between JDBC OCI and Thin Drivers.......................................................... 1-5

Overview of Application and Applet Functionality......................................................................... 1-5

Applet Basics....................................................................................................................................... 1-5

Oracle Extensions............................................................................................................................... 1-6

Server-Side Basics.................................................................................................................................... 1-6

Environments and Support.................................................................................................................... 1-7

Supported JDK and JDBC Versions................................................................................................. 1-7

JNI and Java Environments.............................................................................................................. 1-7

JDBC and IDEs.................................................................................................................................... 1-7

Changes At This Release........................................................................................................................ 1-7

New Features...................................................................................................................................... 1-7

Desupported Features....................................................................................................................... 1-9

Interface Changes............................................................................................................................... 1-9

Feature List............................................................................................................................................. 1-10

2 Getting Started

Compatibilities for Oracle JDBC Drivers............................................................................................ 2-1

Verifying a JDBC Client Installation.................................................................................................... 2-1

iv

Checking Installed Directories and Files........................................................................................ 2-2

Checking the Environment Variables ............................................................................................. 2-3

Ensuring that the Java Code Can Be Compiled and Run............................................................. 2-4

Determining the Version of the JDBC Driver ................................................................................ 2-4

Testing JDBC and the Database Connection.................................................................................. 2-5

3 Basic Features

Basic Steps in JDBC................................................................................................................................. 3-1

Importing Packages ........................................................................................................................... 3-2

Opening a Connection to a Database.............................................................................................. 3-2

Creating a Statement Object ............................................................................................................. 3-3

Running a Query and Retrieving a ResultSet Object.................................................................... 3-3

Processing the ResultSet Object ....................................................................................................... 3-3

Closing the ResultSet and Statement Objects................................................................................. 3-4

Making Changes to the Database .................................................................................................... 3-4

Committing Changes......................................................................................................................... 3-5

Closing the Connection..................................................................................................................... 3-5

Sample: Connecting, Querying, and Processing the Results........................................................... 3-6

Stored Procedure Calls in JDBC Programs.......................................................................................... 3-6

PL/SQL Stored Procedures.............................................................................................................. 3-6

Java Stored Procedures...................................................................................................................... 3-7

Processing SQL Exceptions.................................................................................................................... 3-7

Part II Oracle JDBC

4 JDBC Standards Support

Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 4-1

JDBC 2.0 Support: JDK 1.2.x and Later Versions................................................................................ 4-1

Data Type Support............................................................................................................................. 4-2

Standard Feature Support................................................................................................................. 4-2

Extended Feature Support................................................................................................................ 4-2

Standard versus Oracle Performance Enhancement APIs........................................................... 4-2

JDBC 3.0 Support: JDK 1.4 and Previous Releases............................................................................ 4-2

Overview of Supported JDBC 3.0 Features......................................................................................... 4-3

Transaction Savepoints............................................................................................................................ 4-3

Creating a Savepoint.......................................................................................................................... 4-4

Rolling back to a Savepoint .............................................................................................................. 4-4

Releasing a Savepoint........................................................................................................................ 4-4

Checking Savepoint Support............................................................................................................ 4-5

Savepoint Notes.................................................................................................................................. 4-5

Savepoint Interfaces........................................................................................................................... 4-5

Pre-JDK1.4 Savepoint Support......................................................................................................... 4-6

Retrieval of Auto-Generated Keys........................................................................................................ 4-6

java.sql.DatabaseMetaData............................................................................................................... 4-6

java.sql.Statement............................................................................................................................... 4-6

java.sql.Connection............................................................................................................................ 4-7

v

Sample Code....................................................................................................................................... 4-7

JDBC 3.0 LOB Interface Methods.......................................................................................................... 4-8

Result Set Holdability............................................................................................................................. 4-8

5 Oracle Extensions

Introduction to Oracle Extensions........................................................................................................ 5-1

Support Features of the Oracle Extensions ........................................................................................ 5-1

Support for Oracle Data Types ........................................................................................................ 5-2

Support for Oracle Objects................................................................................................................ 5-2

Support for Schema Naming............................................................................................................ 5-3

DML Returning .................................................................................................................................. 5-4

Accessing PL/SQL Index-by Tables................................................................................................ 5-4

Oracle JDBC Packages............................................................................................................................. 5-4

Package oracle.sql .............................................................................................................................. 5-4

Package oracle.jdbc......................................................................................................................... 5-10

Oracle Character Data Types Support............................................................................................... 5-10

SQL CHAR Data Types.................................................................................................................. 5-10

SQL NCHAR Data Types............................................................................................................... 5-10

Class oracle.sql.CHAR.................................................................................................................... 5-11

Additional Oracle Type Extensions................................................................................................... 5-13

Oracle ROWID Type....................................................................................................................... 5-14

Oracle REF CURSOR Type Category........................................................................................... 5-15

Oracle BINARY_FLOAT and BINARY_DOUBLE Types ......................................................... 5-16

The oracle.jdbc Package ................................................................................................................. 5-17

Interface oracle.jdbc.OracleConnection................................................................................ 5-18

Interface oracle.jdbc.OracleStatement................................................................................... 5-19

Interface oracle.jdbc.OraclePreparedStatement .................................................................. 5-20

Interface oracle.jdbc.OracleCallableStatement.................................................................... 5-21

Interface oracle.jdbc.OracleResultSet.................................................................................... 5-23

Interface oracle.jdbc.OracleResultSetMetaData................................................................... 5-24

Class oracle.jdbc.OracleTypes................................................................................................ 5-24

Method getJavaSqlConnection............................................................................................... 5-25

DML Returning..................................................................................................................................... 5-26

Oracle-Specific APIs........................................................................................................................ 5-27

Running DML Returning Statements........................................................................................... 5-27

Example of DML Returning .......................................................................................................... 5-28

Limitations of DML Returning...................................................................................................... 5-29

Accessing PL/SQL Index-by Tables................................................................................................... 5-29

Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 5-29

Binding IN Parameters................................................................................................................... 5-30

Receiving OUT Parameters............................................................................................................ 5-31

Type Mappings................................................................................................................................ 5-33

6 Features Specific to JDBC Thin

Introduction to JDBC Thin Client......................................................................................................... 6-1

Additional Features Supported............................................................................................................. 6-1

vi

Support for Applets........................................................................................................................... 6-2

Default Support for Native XA........................................................................................................ 6-2

JDBC in Applets....................................................................................................................................... 6-2

Connecting to the Database through the Applet........................................................................... 6-2

Connecting to a Database on a Different Host Than the Web Server ........................................ 6-3

Using the Oracle Connection Manager.................................................................................... 6-3

Using Signed Applets................................................................................................................. 6-5

Using Applets with Firewalls........................................................................................................... 6-6

Configuring a Firewall for Applets that use the JDBC Thin Driver.................................... 6-6

Writing a URL to Connect through a Firewall ....................................................................... 6-7

Packaging Applets ............................................................................................................................. 6-8

Specifying an Applet in an HTML Page......................................................................................... 6-8

CODE, HEIGHT, and WIDTH.................................................................................................. 6-8

CODEBASE.................................................................................................................................. 6-9

ARCHIVE..................................................................................................................................... 6-9

7 Features Specific to JDBC OCI

OCI Connection Pooling......................................................................................................................... 7-1

Transparent Application Failover......................................................................................................... 7-1

OCI Native XA.......................................................................................................................................... 7-1

OCI Instant Client.................................................................................................................................... 7-1

Overview of Instant Client................................................................................................................ 7-2

Benefits of Instant Client................................................................................................................... 7-2

JDBC OCI Instant Client Installation Process ................................................................................ 7-3

Usage of Instant Client...................................................................................................................... 7-4

Patching Instant Client Shared Libraries........................................................................................ 7-4

Regeneration of Data Shared Library and ZIP files...................................................................... 7-5

Database Connection Names for OCI Instant Client.................................................................... 7-5

Environment Variables for OCI Instant Client.............................................................................. 7-7

Instant Client Light (English)................................................................................................................ 7-8

Globalization Settings........................................................................................................................ 7-9

Operation............................................................................................................................................. 7-9

Installation........................................................................................................................................ 7-10

8 Server-Side Internal Driver

Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 8-1

Connecting to the Database.................................................................................................................... 8-1

Exception-Handling Extensions............................................................................................................ 8-3

Session and Transaction Context........................................................................................................... 8-4

Testing JDBC on the Server.................................................................................................................... 8-4

Loading an Application into the Server............................................................................................... 8-5

Server-Side Character Set Conversion of oracle.sql.CHAR Data................................................... 8-6

Part III Connection and Security

vii

9 Data Sources and URLs

Data Sources.............................................................................................................................................. 9-1

Overview of Oracle Data Source Support for JNDI...................................................................... 9-1

Features and Properties of Data Sources........................................................................................ 9-2

Creating a Data Source Instance and Connecting......................................................................... 9-6

Creating a Data Source Instance, Registering with JNDI, and Connecting............................... 9-6

Supported Connection Properties ................................................................................................... 9-7

Using Roles for SYS Login................................................................................................................ 9-9

Configuring Database Remote Login........................................................................................... 9-10

Bequeath Connection and SYS Logon.......................................................................................... 9-11

Properties for Oracle Performance Extensions........................................................................... 9-11

Logging and Tracing....................................................................................................................... 9-12

Database URLs and Database Specifiers.......................................................................................... 9-13

10 JDBC Client-Side Security Features

Support for Oracle Advanced Security............................................................................................. 10-1

JDBC OCI Driver Support for Oracle Advanced Security........................................................ 10-1

JDBC Thin Driver Support for Oracle Advanced Security....................................................... 10-2

Support for Login Authentication..................................................................................................... 10-2

Support for Data Encryption and Integrity...................................................................................... 10-2

JDBC OCI Driver Support for Encryption and Integrity........................................................... 10-3

JDBC Thin Driver Support for Encryption and Integrity.......................................................... 10-4

Setting Encryption and Integrity Parameters in Java ................................................................ 10-5

Secure External Password Store......................................................................................................... 10-7

11 SSL Support

Overview of SSL.................................................................................................................................... 11-1

Java Version of SSL............................................................................................................................... 11-1

SSL in JDBC........................................................................................................................................... 11-2

Non-JSSE Related Properties......................................................................................................... 11-2

JSSE Related Properties.................................................................................................................. 11-4

Enabling SSL.................................................................................................................................... 11-5

12 Proxy Authentication

Need for Proxy Authentication........................................................................................................... 12-1

Creating Proxy Connections................................................................................................................ 12-2

Caching Proxy Connections................................................................................................................ 12-3

Part IV Data Access and Manipulation

13 Accessing and Manipulating Oracle Data

Data Type Mappings............................................................................................................................. 13-1

Table of Mappings .......................................................................................................................... 13-1

Notes Regarding Mappings........................................................................................................... 13-3

Data Conversion Considerations....................................................................................................... 13-3

viii

Standard Types Versus Oracle Types .......................................................................................... 13-4

Converting SQL NULL Data......................................................................................................... 13-4

Testing for NULLs .......................................................................................................................... 13-4

Result Set and Statement Extensions................................................................................................ 13-5

Comparison of Oracle get and set Methods to Standard JDBC .................................................. 13-5

Standard getObject Method........................................................................................................... 13-6

Oracle getOracleObject Method.................................................................................................... 13-6

Summary of getObject and getOracleObject Return Types...................................................... 13-7

Other getXXX Methods .................................................................................................................. 13-9

Return Types of getXXX Methods......................................................................................... 13-9

Special Notes about getXXX Methods................................................................................ 13-11

Data Types For Returned Objects from getObject and getXXX ............................................. 13-11

The setObject and setOracleObject Methods............................................................................. 13-12

Other setXXX Methods................................................................................................................. 13-13

Input Parameter Types of setXXX Methods....................................................................... 13-13

Setter Method Size Limitations............................................................................................ 13-15

Setter Methods That Take Additional Input...................................................................... 13-15

Method setFixedCHAR for Binding CHAR Data into WHERE Clauses....................... 13-16

Using Result Set Meta Data Extensions.......................................................................................... 13-17

14 Java Streams in JDBC

Overview................................................................................................................................................. 14-1

Streaming LONG or LONG RAW Columns.................................................................................... 14-2

LONG RAW Data Conversions .................................................................................................... 14-2

LONG Data Conversions............................................................................................................... 14-2

Streaming Example for LONG RAW Data.................................................................................. 14-3

Avoiding Streaming for LONG or LONG RAW........................................................................ 14-5

Streaming CHAR, VARCHAR, or RAW Columns.......................................................................... 14-5

Streaming LOBs and External Files................................................................................................... 14-6

Data Streaming and Multiple Columns............................................................................................ 14-7

Closing a Stream.................................................................................................................................... 14-8

Notes and Precautions on Streams..................................................................................................... 14-8

Streaming Data Precautions .......................................................................................................... 14-8

Using Streams to Avoid Limits on setBytes and setString........................................................ 14-9

Streaming and Row Prefetching................................................................................................... 14-9

15 Working with Oracle Object Types

Mapping Oracle Objects...................................................................................................................... 15-1

Using the Default STRUCT Class for Oracle Objects................................................................... 15-2

STRUCT Class Functionality......................................................................................................... 15-2

Retrieving STRUCT Objects and Attributes................................................................................ 15-3

Creating STRUCT Objects and Descriptors................................................................................. 15-5

Binding STRUCT Objects into Statements................................................................................... 15-7

STRUCT Automatic Attribute Buffering..................................................................................... 15-7

Creating and Using Custom Object Classes for Oracle Objects.................................................. 15-8

Relative Advantages of ORAData versus SQLData................................................................... 15-9

Understanding Type Maps for SQLData Implementations...................................................... 15-9

ix Creating Type Map and Defining Mappings for a SQLData Implementation.................... 15-10

Adding Entries to an Existing Type Map........................................................................... 15-10

Creating a New Type Map ................................................................................................... 15-11

Materializing Object Types not Specified in the Type Map ............................................ 15-11

Understanding the SQLData Interface....................................................................................... 15-12

Reading and Writing Data with a SQLData Implementation ................................................ 15-13

Understanding the ORAData Interface ..................................................................................... 15-16

Reading and Writing Data with a ORAData Implementation............................................... 15-17

Additional Uses for ORAData..................................................................................................... 15-20

The Deprecated CustomDatum Interface.................................................................................. 15-20

Object-Type Inheritance.................................................................................................................... 15-21

Creating Subtypes......................................................................................................................... 15-21

Implementing Customized Classes for Subtypes..................................................................... 15-22

Use of ORAData for Type Inheritance Hierarchy............................................................. 15-22

Use of SQLData for Type Inheritance Hierarchy.............................................................. 15-25

JPublisher Utility.................................................................................................................... 15-27

Retrieving Subtype Objects.......................................................................................................... 15-27

Creating Subtype Objects............................................................................................................. 15-29

Sending Subtype Objects.............................................................................................................. 15-30

Accessing Subtype Data Fields ................................................................................................... 15-30

Inheritance Meta Data Methods.................................................................................................. 15-31

Using JPublisher to Create Custom Object Classes..................................................................... 15-32

JPublisher Functionality............................................................................................................... 15-32

JPublisher Type Mappings .......................................................................................................... 15-33

Describing an Object Type................................................................................................................ 15-35

Functionality for Getting Object Meta Data.............................................................................. 15-35

Steps for Retrieving Object Meta Data....................................................................................... 15-36

16 Working with LOBs and BFILEs

Oracle Extensions for LOBs and BFILEs........................................................................................... 16-1

Working with BLOBs and CLOBs...................................................................................................... 16-2

Getting and Passing BLOB and CLOB Locators......................................................................... 16-2

Retrieving BLOB and CLOB Locators................................................................................... 16-2

Passing BLOB and CLOB Locators........................................................................................ 16-3

Reading and Writing BLOB and CLOB Data.............................................................................. 16-4

Creating and Populating a BLOB or CLOB Column ................................................................. 16-7

Accessing and Manipulating BLOB and CLOB Data ................................................................ 16-8

Additional BLOB and CLOB Features......................................................................................... 16-9

Data Interface for LOBs..................................................................................................................... 16-12

Working With Temporary LOBs....................................................................................................... 16-14

Using Open and Close With LOBs.................................................................................................. 16-16

Working with BFILEs......................................................................................................................... 16-16

Getting and Passing BFILE Locators.......................................................................................... 16-16

Reading BFILE Data...................................................................................................................... 16-18

Creating and Populating a BFILE Column................................................................................ 16-19

Accessing and Manipulating BFILE Data.................................................................................. 16-20

Additional BFILE Features .......................................................................................................... 16-21

x

17 Using Oracle Object References

Oracle Extensions for Object References.......................................................................................... 17-1

Overview of Object Reference Functionality.................................................................................. 17-2

Object Reference Getter and Setter Methods .............................................................................. 17-2

Key REF Class Methods................................................................................................................. 17-2

Retrieving and Passing an Object Reference................................................................................... 17-3

Retrieving an Object Reference from a Result Set...................................................................... 17-3

Retrieving an Object Reference from a Callable Statement ...................................................... 17-4

Passing an Object Reference to a Prepared Statement............................................................... 17-4

Accessing and Updating Object Values through an Object Reference...................................... 17-5

Custom Reference Classes with JPublisher..................................................................................... 17-5

18 Working with Oracle Collections

Oracle Extensions for Collections...................................................................................................... 18-1

Choices in Materializing Collections............................................................................................ 18-1

Creating Collections........................................................................................................................ 18-2

Creating Multilevel Collection Types .......................................................................................... 18-3

Overview of Collection Functionality............................................................................................... 18-3

Array Getter and Setter Methods.................................................................................................. 18-3

ARRAY Descriptors and ARRAY Class Functionality.............................................................. 18-4

ARRAY Performance Extension Methods........................................................................................ 18-5

Accessing oracle.sql.ARRAY Elements as Arrays of Java Primitive Types............................ 18-5

ARRAY Automatic Element Buffering ........................................................................................ 18-6

ARRAY Automatic Indexing......................................................................................................... 18-6

Creating and Using Arrays.................................................................................................................. 18-7

Creating ARRAY Objects and Descriptors.................................................................................. 18-7

Retrieving an Array and Its Elements........................................................................................ 18-10

Retrieving the Array ............................................................................................................. 18-10

Data Retrieval Methods ........................................................................................................ 18-11

Comparing the Data Retrieval Methods............................................................................. 18-12

Retrieving Elements of a Structured Object Array According to a Type Map............. 18-12

Retrieving a Subset of Array Elements............................................................................... 18-13

Retrieving Array Elements into an oracle.sql.Datum Array........................................... 18-13

Accessing Multilevel Collection Elements......................................................................... 18-14

Passing Arrays to Statement Objects.......................................................................................... 18-15

Using a Type Map to Map Array Elements.................................................................................... 18-16

Custom Collection Classes with JPublisher.................................................................................. 18-18

19 Result Set

Overview................................................................................................................................................. 19-1

Result Set Functionality and Result Set Categories Supported in JDBC 2.0........................... 19-1

Oracle JDBC Implementation Overview for Result Set Enhancements.................................. 19-3

Creating Scrollable or Updatable Result Sets................................................................................. 19-5

Specifying Result Set Scrollability and Updatability................................................................. 19-5

Result Set Limitations and Downgrade Rules............................................................................ 19-6

Positioning and Processing in Scrollable Result Sets.................................................................... 19-8

xi

Positioning in a Scrollable Result Set........................................................................................... 19-8

Processing a Scrollable Result Set............................................................................................... 19-10

Updating Result Sets.......................................................................................................................... 19-11

Performing a DELETE Operation in a Result Set..................................................................... 19-11

Performing an UPDATE Operation in a Result Set ................................................................. 19-12

Performing an INSERT Operation in a Result Set.................................................................... 19-13

Avoiding Update Conflicts.......................................................................................................... 19-14

Fetch Size.............................................................................................................................................. 19-15

Setting the Fetch Size.................................................................................................................... 19-15

Use of Standard Fetch Size versus Oracle Row-Prefetch Setting........................................... 19-16

Refetching Rows.................................................................................................................................. 19-16

Seeing Database Changes Made Internally and Externally........................................................ 19-17

Seeing Internal Changes............................................................................................................... 19-17

Seeing External Changes.............................................................................................................. 19-18

Visibility versus Detection of External Changes ...................................................................... 19-18

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