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One image begets another: a comparative analysis of Flag-raising

Abstract. This article examines two iconic American photographs – Flag-raising on Iwo. Jima (1945) and Ground Zero Spirit (2001).



Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima: A Triumph Arising from Tragedy

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of a group of Marines raising the U.S. flag on Iwo Jima arises from its Instead of supplying a single answer our analysis follows an interpretive logic.





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ENCLOSURE

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a comparative analysis of Flag-raising on Iwo Jima and Ground Zero

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[PDF] Iwo Jima Flag Raising Part II - Headquarters Marine Corps

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  • What does the flag raising mean on Iwo Jima?

    This photograph shows the Marines of the 5th Division advancing up a slope during the 1945 battle of Iwo Jima. Marines planted and raised a flag to mark their capture of the peak, to the delight of American witnesses, but a Japanese grenade attack interrupted them when the enemy heard the Americans cheer for the flag.

  • What lessons can we learn from Iwo Jima?

    The hellishness of war should never be forgotten. But an equally important lesson to remember from Iwo Jima is the price of freedom is high. We pay in the lives of our young men and women who go into battle. The truth is just as real today in Iraq and Afghanistan as it was 60 years ago on the beaches of Iwo Jima.

  • What was the point of Iwo Jima?

    Iwo Jima, which means Sulfur Island, was strategically important as an air base for fighter escorts supporting long-range bombing missions against mainland Japan.
  • Mt. Suribachi, the island's most prominent feature, was the site of the famed U.S. Marine Corps flag raising on February 23, 1945. Due to the first raised flag being too small, a second more visible flag was ordered.

OUTBRIEF RELATED TO

THE 1 ST FLAG

RAISING ON

MOUNT SURIBACHI,

23 FEBRUARY 1945

Mission

The HulyBoard that analyzed the second flag raising on Mount Suribachi, Iwo Jima, 23 February 1945 reconvened at the direction of the Commandant of the Marine Corps on 05 July 2016 in order to determine the identity of the participants in the first flag raising.

Findings of Fact

FF1 . Current official Marine Corps records identify the first flag raisers as: a. 1stLt Harold G. Schrier b. PltSgtErnest I. Thomas, Jr. c. SgtHenry O. Hansen d. CplCharles W. Lindberg e. PFC Louis C. Charlo f. PFC James R. Michels

Sergeant Sherman B. Watson's Recon Team

FF2. BnCommander, LtColChandler Johnson orders Sergeant Sherman B. Watson, F/2/28, to take a recon team to the top of Mount Suribachiearly on 23 February 1945.

FF3. Additional members of Watson's team were:

a. CplGeorge Mercer b. PFC Theodore White c. PFC Louis C. Charlo FF9. The Watson team returned to the Fox company area to report its findings to Captain Arthur Naylor, F/2/28.

1stLt Harold G. Schrier'sPatrol

FF5.

LtColJohnson orders First Lieutenant Harold G.

Schrier, E/2/28, to lead a patrol to the summit and raise the American flag. FF10. 1stLt Schrier'spatrol, composed primarily of E/2/28 Marines, arrives on top of Suribachi; A small

HQ element (that included PhM2c Bradley) searched

for a suitable place to raise the flag.

Raising the First Flag

FF15 -FF16. SSgt Louis R. Lowery, 5 th

Marine

Division combat cameraman and

photographer, takes a photograph of 1stLt

Schrier,

PltSgtErnest "Boots" Thomas, SgtHenry O. Hanson,

CplCharles W. Lindberg, and PvtPhilip L. Ward

tying the flag to a pipe that had been located by Cpl

Robert A. Leader and PFC Leo J.

Rozek

Raising the First Flag

FF15 -FF16. SSgt Louis R. Lowery, 5 th

Marine

Division combat cameraman and

photographer, takes a photograph of 1stLt

Schrier,

PltSgtErnest "Boots" Thomas, SgtHenry O. Hanson,

CplCharles W. Lindberg, and PvtPhilip L. Ward

tying the flag to a pipe that had been located by Cpl

Robert A. Leader and PFC Leo J.

Rozek

Raising the First Flag

FF15 -FF16. SSgt Louis R. Lowery, 5 th

Marine

Division combat cameraman and

photographer, takes a photograph of 1stLt

Schrier,

PltSgtErnest "Boots" Thomas, SgtHenry O. Hanson,

CplCharles W. Lindberg, and PvtPhilip L. Ward

tying the flag to a pipe that had been located by Cpl

Robert A. Leader and PFC Leo J.

Rozek

Raising the First Flag

FF15, FF18. Lowery photographs the flag and pole as it is being prepared to be raised. PhM2c John H.

Bradley is now in the photo with his back to the

cameraman.

FF25. Also in proximity to the flagpole but not

touching it is the radioman

CplRaymond E. Jacobs.

In the vicinity providing security are PFC James R.

Michels

, Sergeant Howard M. Snyder, and PFC

Harold H. Schultz.

Why are there no action shots of the

First Flag Raising?

FF20. SSgt

Lowery paused taking photographs

to reload his camera.

FF21. Consequently, there are no known

photographs of the flag in the act of being raised.

The First Flag is Raised

FF22. SSgt Lowery, now with his film reloaded, resumed taking photographs of the first flag raisers immediately after the flagpole has been raised to a nearly vertical position. FF18, FF23. Those individuals who appear in Lowery's photographs and who had clearly just raised the first flag are: 1 st

Lt Harold G. Schrier

PltSgtErnest I. Thomas, Jr.

Sergeant Henry O. Hanson

PhM2C John H. Bradley

CplCharles W. Lindberg

Pvt. Philip L. Ward

The First Flag is Raised

FF22. SSgt Lowery, now with his film reloaded, resumed taking photographs of the first flag raisers immediately after the flagpole has been raised to a nearly vertical position. FF18, FF23. Those individuals who appear in Lowery's photographs and who had clearly just raised the first flag are: 1 st

Lt Harold G. Schrier

PltSgtErnest I. Thomas, Jr.

Sergeant Henry O. Hanson

PhM2C John H. Bradley

CplCharles W. Lindberg

Pvt. Philip L. Ward.

The First Flag is Raised

FF22. SSgt Lowery, now with his film reloaded, resumed taking photographs of the first flag raisers immediately after the flagpole has been raised to a nearly vertical position. FF18, FF23. Those individuals who appear in Lowery's photographs and who had clearly just raised the first flag are: 1 st

Lt Harold G. Schrier

PltSgtErnest I. Thomas, Jr.

Sergeant Henry O. Hanson

PhM2C John H. Bradley

CplCharles W. Lindberg

Pvt. Philip L. Ward.

Post-Flag Raising Action

FF24. 1stLt Schriercommunicates with LtCol

Johnson via radio after the flag has been raised.

Marines on the beach and on ships celebrate the

raising of the American flag.

Post-Flag Raising Action

FF27. CaptNaylor leads a patrol composed

primarily of F/2/28 Marines to the summit for security reinforcement. (We believe PFC Louis C. Charlo was a member of this contingent.)

Raising the 2

nd Flag

Several hours after the first flag raising, 1stLt Schriercontacts LtColJohnson to request a resupply of radio batteries.

LtColJohnson orders SgtMichael Strankto lead a resupply patrol to the summit and to raise a second, larger flag to replace the first one.

AP Photographer Joseph J. Rosenthal accompanies SgtStrank'sresupply patrol and shoots his iconic photograph of the second flag raising event.

"Gung Ho" Photograph Immediately after the second flag raising, Rosenthal also takes a group shot known as the "Gung Ho" photograph.

A photographic print of this image, annotated by 1stLt J. Keith Wells, identifies most of the individuals from the Schrierpatrol and Strank

resupply team.

Opinions

1.The following six individuals raised the first flag:

a. 1stLt Harold G. Shrier b. PltSgtErnest I. Thomas, Jr. c. SgtHenry O. Hansen d. PhM2c John H. Bradley e. CplCharles W. Lindberg f. PvtPhilip L. Ward

Opinions

2. The following individuals did not raise the first flag as previously indicated in the official historical record of the Marine Corps:

a. PFC Louis C. Charlo b . PFC James R. Michels 3

PFC Charlo was a member of the recon team prior to the first flag raising and returned to the summit as security reinforcement prior to the second flag raising.

4. PFC Michelsprovided security in the immediate vicinity of the event. 5

. PFC Michelswas previously identified as a flag raiser due to his prominent position in one of SSgt Lowery'sphotographs of the event.

8. Additional individuals may have been present on

the summit during the flag raising events on 23 February 1945, but they cannot be identified due to insufficient evidence.

Opinions

1.That the records of Headquarters U.S. Marine Corps reflect

the identification of the individuals in the first flag raising as follows: a. 1stLt Harold G. Schrier b . PltSgt Ernest I. Thomas, Jr. c. SgtHenry O. Hansen d . PhM2c John H. Bradley e. CplCharles W. Lindberg f. PvtPhilip L. Ward

Recommendations

2. That the Commandant of the Marine Corps should

inform the Secretary of the Navy, Chief of Naval Operations and Medical Officer of the Marine Corps of the results of this panel before they are made public.

3. That the Commandant of the Marine Corps should

inform the appropriate relatives of 1stLt Harold G.

Schrier, PltSgtErnest I. Thomas, Jr., SgtHenry O.

Hansen, CplCharles W. Lindberg, PFC Louis C. Charlo,

PFC James R. Michels, PvtPhilip L. Ward and PhM2c

John H

. Bradley of the results of this panel before they are made public.

Recommendations

4. That the Commandant of the Marine Corps should issue a

public statement regarding the correct identification of the first flag raisers. 5 . That the Commandant of the Marine Corps recognize that all previous efforts at identification were conducted in good faith and that no official blame be assessed for previous inaccuracies in the historical record

6. That the Commandant of the Marine Corps direct that this

panel report and associated records be deposited in the Marine

Corps History Division's archives.

Recommendations

7. That the Office of Legislative Affairs should inform

appropriate Members of Congress and congressional staff of the results of this panel before they are made public.

8. That Headquarters U.S. Marine Corps should make

public the findings of this panel.

9. That the Commandant of the Marine Corps should

coordinate the public release of the findings of this panel with the Office of U.S. Marine Corps Communication.

Recommendations

Comparison Photographs with

Known Portrait Identifications

1stLt Harold G. Schrier

PltSgtErnest I. Thomas, Jr.

SgtHenry O. Hansen

CplCharles W. Lindberg

30

PvtPhilip L. Ward

PFC Louis C. Charlo

PFC James R. Michels

CplRaymond E. Jacobs

PFC Harold H. Schultz

quotesdbs_dbs11.pdfusesText_17
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