[PDF] Coding Projects in Python by Dk.pdf

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JecTs

IN PYTHON

codin G R

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JecTs

IN PYTHON

R codin G

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Tomorrow"s World

How 2

Countdown

C

Coding Games

in Scratch

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What is coding?

Meet Python

Installing Python

Using IDLE

Your rst program

Variables

Making decisions

Loopy loops

Animal Quiz

Functions

Fixing bugs

Password Picker

Modules

Nine Lives

Robot Builder

Kaleido-spiral

Starry Night

Mutant Rainbow

Countdown Calendar

Ask the Expert

Secret Messages

Screen Pet

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www.dk.com/computercoding

GAMES IN PYTHON

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REFERENCE

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What is coding?

Computer programmers, or “coders," are people

who write step-by-step instructions that can make a computer perform a task. Coders can get computers to do addition, make music, move a robot across a room, or fly a rocket to Mars.

Dumb boxes

A computer can"t do anything of its own accord—it just sits there like a dumb box until it"s told exactly what to do. Because computers can"t think for themselves and can only do as they"re told, coders have to do the thinking for them and write their instructions carefully.

Programming languages

In order to tell a computer what to do, you need

to learn a programming language. Visual languages are easy for beginners to learn, while professional coders use text-based languages. This book is based on the popular text-based language Python.

Scratch is a visual programming language.

It"s great for creating games, animations, and

interactive stories. You write code in Scratch by snapping together blocks of instructions.

Python is a text-based programming

language. In Python, programmers write code using words, abbreviations, numbers, and symbols. Instructions are typed in using the computer"s keyboard.

By learning how to code, you"ll be able

to write your own programs and make the computer do what you want. It"s a bit like having an electronic pet that you can teach to perform tricks!

Both these bits of code

do the same thing.

The answer to the sum

is shown on the screen in a "thinks" bubble.You hit the enter/return key to see the result.>>> 3 + 3 6 US_012-013_What_is_coding.indd 1202/03/17 4:53 pm

Anyone can code

To be a coder you just need to learn a few basic rules and commands, and then you can start writing programs to suit your skills and interests. If you"re into science, for example, you could make an app that draws graphs from the results of your experiments. Or you could use your art skills to design an alien world for your own video game.

Get coding

Coding may sound daunting, but learning how

to do it is easy. The secret is to just jump in. This book is designed to teach you how to code by guiding you through simple projects. Just follow the numbered steps and you"ll be creating games, apps, and digital art in no time. Coders need to think logically and carefully to write good code. If the instructions aren"t quite right or the steps are in the wrong order, a program won"t work properly. Think through each step and make sure things happen in a logical order—after all, you wouldn"t put your coat on before your sweater, would you! If you"re good at spot-the-difference puzzles, you"ll probably be a great coder. An important skill in coding is spotting mistakes in your code. These mistakes are called bugs, and even tiny bugs can cause big problems. Eagle-eyed coders can pick out spelling mistakes and faults with the logic or order of the instructions. Debugging a program can be tricky, but learning from your mistakes is a great way to improve your coding powers.

I knew you"d get

that wrong!

Keep those eyes

peeled!

I"m on a

bug hunt!

Bugs are errors in code that make

programs behave in unexpected ways.

They are so-called because early

computers sometimes went wrong when insects got stuck in their circuits! US_012-013_What_is_coding.indd 1312/01/17 2:33 pm

Meet Python

Python is one of the most popular computer

programming languages in the world. It was first released in the 1990s and is now used to build millions of apps, games, and websites.

Why Python?

Python is a great language for getting started

with computer programming. Many schools and universities use it to teach coding. Here are some of the reasons that Python"s so useful.

It's easy to read

and write!

Python is a text-based computer programming

language. You write the instructions using a mixture of English words, punctuation characters, symbols, and numbers. This makes Python code simple to read, write, and understand.

Programmers say Python has "batteries

included." This is because it comes with everything you need to start coding right away.

Python is portable. This means you can write and

run Python code on lots of different computers.

The same Python code will work on PCs, Macs,

Linux machines, and Raspberry Pi computers. The

programs behave the same way on each machine.

Python has well-written

documentation. It has a guide to getting started, a reference section for looking up what things mean, and a bunch of example code.

Python is packed with lots of useful tools and

preprogrammed code that you can use in your programs. This is called the Standard Library.

Using these tools makes it easier and quicker

for you to build your own programs.

Python isn"t named after the type of

snake. It"s actually named after a

British comedy group called "Monty

Python"s Flying Circus." The creator of

Python, Guido van Rossum, was a big

fan of the group and their quirky humor. Python programmers often use the group"s jokes and famous quotes in their code as a tribute. US_014-015_Meet_Python.indd 1402/03/17 4:53 pm

Python in action

Python isn"t just an educational tool.

It"s such a powerful program it"s used

for many interesting and exciting tasks in business, medicine, science, and the media. It can even be used to control the lights and heating in your home.

EXPERT TIPS

The interpreter

Some programming languages use an interpreter.

The interpreter is a program that can translate from one programming language into another. Every time you run a Python program, the interpreter translates each line of Python code into a special code that the computer can understand, known as machine code.

Action!I"m a mighty

powerful program!

Python is widely used on the Internet.

Parts of Google"s search engine are

written in Python. Much of YouTube is also built using Python code.

Python helps banks keep track of the money

in their accounts, and big store chains to set the prices of the goods they sell. Software engineers used Python to create tools for NASA"s Mission Control Center. These tools help the crew prepare for and monitor the progress of each mission. Disney uses Python to automate repetitive parts of the animation process. Rather than animators carrying out the same steps over and over, they use a Python program to repeat the steps automatically. This saves work, shortening the time it takes to make a film.

Don"t worry, this won"t

hurt—much!

Python can be used to program robots to perform

tricky operations. A Python-programmed robot surgeon can work more quickly than a human one, and be more accurate and less likely to make errors.

We"ve been

expecting you!Python? It"s a serious business! US_014-015_Meet_Python.indd 1512/01/17 2:33 pm

Installing Python

All the projects in this book use Python 3, so

make sure you download the correct version from the website. Follow the instructions that match your computer. When the installation is finished, check that it was successful by opening the IDLE program. Go to the "Start" menu, choose "All Apps", then select "IDLE".

A window like the one below should open up.

Click on the latest version of Python for Windows, beginning with the number 3. The installer file will download automatically. Of the different installer options, select "executable installer".

Type the address below into your web

browser to go to the Python website.

Then click on "Downloads" to open the

download page.

Python on Windows

Before you install Python 3 on a Windows PC, find out if it uses the 32-bit or 64-bit version of windows. Click "Start", right-click "Computer", and left-click "Properties".

Then choose "System" if the option appears.

If you have a 32-bit

version of Windows, use this installer. If you have a 64-bit version of Windows, use this installer.

Click the

installer. Double-click the installer file to install Python. Choose "install for all users" and click "next" at each prompt, without changing the default settings.• Python 3.6.0a4 - 2016-08-15

• Windows x86 executable installer

• Windows x86-64 executable installer• https://www.python.org/ LINGO IDLE

IDLE (short for Integrated

Development Environment) is

a free app that you get when you install Python. Designed for beginners, IDLE includes a basic text editor that allows you to write and edit Python code. 1 32
4 Python 3.6.0a4 (v3.6.0a4:017cf260936b, Aug 15 2016, 00:45:10) [MSC v.1

900 32

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