[PDF] Core practical 4: Investigate the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes





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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

The order of reactivity of alcohols with a given haloacid is 3°>2°>1°. The above methods are not applicable for the preparation of aryl halides because the 



Flashcards - Topic 10 Organic Chemistry_ Halogenoalkanes

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Reactivity of a Zwitterionic Stable Silylene toward Halosilanes and

27 fév. 2009 insertion of stable silylenes into a C-X bond of haloalkanes ... reactivity toward C-X and Si-X bonds in haloalkanes and.



Haloalkanes Alcohols and Amines. Year 1

(b) Haloalkane group reactivity: Nucleophilic substitution SN1 and SN2; ?- elimination; metal-halogen exchange. (c) Synthesis of haloalkanes: electrophilic 



Core practical 4: Investigate the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes

Halogenoalkanes are flammable and harmful. ? Ethanol is flammable. ? Silver nitrate is corrosive. ? Obtain hot water from a kettle rather than using.



4.2.2 revision guide haloalkanes

be used to compare the reactivity of the different haloalkanes. CH3CH2I + H2O ? CH3CH2OH + I- + H+. Ag+. (aq) + I-. (aq) ? AgI (s) - yellow precipitate.



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Flashcards - Topic 3.3 Halogenoalkanes - AQA Chemistry A-level (3)

What is the order of reactivity of halogenoalkanes? Although C-F is the most polar bond the bond enthalpy of C-X decreases down the group



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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES REACTIVITY OF HALOALKANES. 1) Nucleophilic substitution reaction. (a) SN1 mechanism ( Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution).



7: Reactions of Haloalkanes Alcohols and Amines

•Haloalkane Structure and Reactivity •Stereochemistry of SN Reactions •Reaction Rates of SN Reactions •Other Nucleophiles •Leaving Groups •Nucleophilicity and Reaction Solvent •Carbon Nucleophiles •Nucleophilic Hydrogen Preview This chapter describes nucleophilic substitution reactions of haloalkanes



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Feb 4 2021 · react slowly with haloalkanes in a substitution reaction Use reflux OR heat for more than 20 minutes Hydrolysis is defined as the splitting of a molecule ( in this case a haloalkane) by a reaction with water CH3CH2X + H2O CH3CH2OH + X-+ H+ Aqueous silver nitrate is added to a haloalkane and the halide leaving group combines with a silver ion





33 Halogenoalkanes - chemrevise

Feb 3 2018 · react slowly with haloalkanes in a substitution reaction Hydrolysis is defined as the splitting of a molecule ( in this case a haloalkane) by a reaction with water CH3CH2X + H2O CH3CH2OH + X-+ H+ Aqueous silver nitrate is added to a haloalkane and the halide leaving group combines with a silver ion to form a SILVER HALIDE PRECIPITATE



Haloalkanes and HaloarHaloarenesenesenesenesenes

Haloalkanes containhalogen atom(s) attached to the sp3 hybridised carbonatom of an alkyl group whereas haloarenes containhalogen atom(s) attached to sp2 hybridised carbonatom(s) of an aryl group Many halogen containingorganic compounds occur in nature and some ofthese are clinically useful



Searches related to reactivity of haloalkanes filetype:pdf

Oct 4 2015 · be used to compare the reactivity of the different haloalkanes CH 3CH 2I + H 2O CH 3CH 2OH + I-+ H + Ag + (aq) + I-(aq) Ag I (s) - yellow precipitate The iodoalkane forms a precipitate with the silver nitrate first as the C-I bond is weakest and so it hydrolyses the quickest The quicker the precipitate is formed the faster the

What are haloalkane reactions?

    The reactions of haloalkanes may be divided into the following categories: 1. Nucleophilic substitution 2. Elimination reactions 3. Reaction with metals. (1)Nucleophilic substitution reactions You have learnt in Class XI that nucleophiles are electron rich species.

Are haloalkanes a substrate?

    Haloalkanes are substrate in these reactions. In this type of reaction, a nucleophile reacts with haloalkane (the substrate) having a partial positive charge on the carbon atom bonded to halogen. A substitution reaction takes place and halogen atom, called leaving group departs as halide ion.

Why are Haloarenes less reactive than haloalkanes?

    Thus, C—Cl bond length in haloalkane is 177pm while in haloarene is 169 pm. Since it is difficult to break a shorter bond than a longer bond, therefore, haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reaction.

How do tertiary Haloalkanes react with nucleophiles?

    Tertiary haloalkanes alos undergo reaction under similar conditions, but it is found that the concentration of nucleophile does notaffect the rate of the reaction. A strong nucleophile (such as the hydroxide ion) is not necessary. Weak nucleophiles, such as water and alcohol molecules, react readily with tertiary haloalkanes.

EDEXCEL Chemistry Teacher Resource Pack 1

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Core practical 4

Teacher sheet

Investigate the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes

Practical activities have been safety checked but not trialled by CLEAPSS. Users may need to adapt the risk assessment information to

local circumstances. Core practical 4: Investigate the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes

Objective

halo geno alkanes and of chloro -, bromo-, and iodoalkanes Safety Specification links

Obtain hot water from a kettle rather than using

Part 1

1. ௗ

to the three quarters mark with water, at

2. ௗ3

of ethanol.

Now add four drops of 1

-iodobutane to the first tube, four drops of 1 -bromobutane to the second tube and four drops of

1-chlorobutane to the third tube. Label the

tubes.

3. Loosely place a bung in each test tube and

place the test tubes in the water bath.

4. Pour 5ௗcm3

of silver nitrate solution into three clean test tubes.

Now place the test tubes in

the water bath.

5. When the halogenoalkane-ethanol solutions

have reached the temperature of the water bath , add the silver nitrate solution to one of the halogenoalkane -ethanol solutions and replace the bung. Start the stop clock as you do so.

6. Measure the time taken for the precipitate to

appear. As soon as the solution becomes cloudy stop the stop clock.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for the other two

halogenoalkanes.

Part 2

8. Repeat Part 1 using 1-bromobutane, 2-

bromobutane and 2 -bromo-2-methylpropane be very slow. It is possible that a precipitate will not form in a reasonable time period. Instruct the students to stop timing after 10 minutes. silver nitrate solution should be kept in the water bath.

EDEXCEL Chemistry Teacher Resource Pack 1

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Core practical 4

Teacher sheet

Investigate the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes

Practical activities have been safety checked but not trialled by CLEAPSS. Users may need to adapt the risk assessment information to local circumstances.

Answers to questions

1. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2

Br + H

2 O CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2

OH + H

+ Br

2. silver iodide

3. The halogenoalkanes are insoluble in water. Using ethanol ensures that the halogenoalkane

dissolve s so it can react with the water molecules.

4. Water has lone pair(s) of electrons on the oxygen atom.

5. If hydroxide ions were used, a precipitate of silver hydroxide would form instantly.

6. primary primary primary secondary tertiary

Sample data

Part 1

Halogenoalkane Time taken for a precipitate to form/s

1-iodobutane 52

1-bromobutane 87

1-chlorobutane 606

Part 2

Halogenoalkane Time taken for a precipitate to form/s

1-bromobutane 59

2-bromobutane 34

2-bromo-2-methylpropane 3

EDEXCEL Chemistry Teacher Resource Pack 1

© Pearson Education Ltd 201

6 This document may have been altered from the original 1

Core practical 4

Student sheet

Investigate the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes

Practical activities have been safety checked but not trialled by CLEAPSS. Users may need to adapt the risk assessment information to local circumstances. Core practical 4: Investigate the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes

Objective

halo geno alkanes and of chloro -, bromo-, and iodoalkanes

Safety

All the maths you need

Equipment

3 beaker 3 ethanol 3 measuring cylinder

Procedure

Part 1

1. ௗ

2. ௗ

3 of ethanol. Now add four drops of 1-iodobutane to the first tube, four drops of 1 -bromobutane to the second tube and four drops of

1-chlorobutane to the third tube. Label the tubes.

3. Loosely place a bung in each test tube and place the test tubes in the water bath.

4. Pour 5ௗcm

3 of silver nitrate solution into three clean test tubes. Now place the test tubes in the water bath.

5. When the halogenoalkane-ethanol solutions have reached the temperature of the

water bath , add the silver nitrate solution to one of the halogenoalkane-ethanol solutions and replace the bung. Start the stop clock as you do so.

6. Measure the time taken for the precipitate to appear. As soon as the solution

becomes cloudy stop the stop clock.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for the other two halogenoalkanes.

Part 2

8. Repeat Part 1 using 1-bromobutane, 2-bromobutane and 2-bromo-2-methylpropane

instead of the other halogenoalkanes.

Analysis

of results

1. Record your results for Part 1 and Part 2 in a suitable way.

2. What is the pattern shown in Part 1?

3. What is the pattern shown in Part 2?

EDEXCEL Chemistry Teacher Resource Pack 1

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Core practical 4

Student sheet

Investigate the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes

Practical activities have been safety checked but not trialled by CLEAPSS. Users may need to adapt the risk assessment information to local circumstances.

Learning tip

s neutralised by HNO 3 before adding AgNO 3

Questions

1. Write an equation for the reaction of 1-bromobutane with water.

2. In these reactions a precipitate forms. Identify the precipitate formed when the

halogenoalkane is 1 -iodobutane.

3. Explain why ethanol is used in these reactions.

4. Explain why water is able to act as a nucleophile.

5. Explain why water is used as the nucleophile rather than hydroxide ions?

6. Draw skeletal formulae for each of the halogenoalkanes used in this investigation

EDEXCEL Chemistry Teacher Resource Pack 1

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This document may have been altered from the original 1

Core practical 4 Technician sheet

Investigate the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes

Practical activities have been safety checked but not trialled by CLEAPSS. Users may need to adapt the risk assessment information to local circumstances. Core practical 4: Investigate the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes

Objective

halogenoalkanes and of chloro -, bromo-, and iodoalkanes

Safety

Equipment per student/group Notes on equipment

250
ௗcm 3 beaker

12 test tubes

1-chlorobutane

Students need access to the organic reagents

but need not have access to individual bottles.

1-bromobutane

1-iodobutane

2-bromobutane

2-bromo-2-methylpropane

silver nitrate solution Of same concentration as used for halide identification tests dropping pipettes 15 cm 3 ethanol two 10ௗcm 3 measuring cylinders stop clock labels for test tubes kettle Notesquotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20
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