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ORDER OF BATTLE OF

THE UNITED STATES

LAND FORCES IN THE

WORLD WAR

American Expeditionary Forces:

General Headquarters

Armies, Army Corps

Services of

Supply

Separate Forces

Volume 1

MIUTARY INSTR.IICTION

CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY

UNITED STATES ARMY

WASHINGTON, D.C., 1988

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Order of battle of the United States land forces in the

World War.

Reprint. Originally published: Washington: U.S.

G.P.O., 1931-1949.

Contents:

v. 1. American Expeditionary Forces:

General

Headquarters, armies, Army Corps, services of

supply, and separate forces-v. 2. American

Expeditionary Forces: divisions-v. 3. Zone of the

interior. pt. 1. Organization and activities of the War Department. pt. 2. Territorial departments, tactical divisions organized in 1918, and posts, camps, and stations. pt. 3. Directory of troops.

Supt. of Docs. no.: D114.2:B32

1. United States. Army-History-World War,

1914-1918. 1. Center of Military History.

D570.073 1987 940.4'12'73 87-600306

Facsimile Reprint

First Printed 1937-CMH Pub 23-1

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402

Foreword

The United States entered "the war to end all wars" seventy years ago, but much may still be learned from a study of that vast military and diplomatic experience. Accordingly, the Center of Military History is now bringing back into print a series of volumes on the World War I period.

The facsimile

reprint of the Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War, in five volumes, provides a logical introduction to the series. It will be followed shortly by a newly formatted edition of the United States Army in the World War (1917-1919), a major collec· tion of documents pertaining to the conflict.

The concise and unique data in

the Order of Battle is central to any serious examination of the Army's involvement in World War I. The Cen ter's predecessors-the Army War College's Historical Section, and the Special Staff's Historical Division-originally published this work in three volumes. The first two concentrated on the American Expeditionary

Forces (AEF). Volume 1 covers

the AEF's general headquarters; the American Services of Supply; armies; army corps; and separate forces, including the three French army corps under American command in 1918 as well as American units in North RUf;sia and Siberia. Volume 2 pro vides outline histories of the AEF's divisions. The essays in these two volumes combine information about the command and composition of units with tables that offer the reader a broad survey of operations in both ma jor and minor theaters and the rear areas. Volume 3, consisting of five chapters organized in two parts, presents an array of useful information on the zone of the interior. Part 1 includes the organization and activities of the War Department, the territorial departments, the divisions that did not deploy overseas, and data about posts, camps, and stations. Part

2 consists of a directory of troops, covering all organizations that made

up the Army between 1917 and 1919.

Each volume begins with a guide

to the use of the material. In publishing this facsimile reprint, the Center has made some for matting changes to assist the modern reader, but the original text is un changed. Volumes 1 and 2 are reprinted intact. Volume 3, first published in two parts, is now divided into three, in three separate volumes. For the reader's convenience, a new appendix, "Posts, Camps, and Stations iii Index:' has been added to the new Part 2. The original Part 2, the direc tory of troops, is now Part 3. The volume's consecutive pagination remains the same. To all volumes the Center has added its own front matter and, after the half-title page, incorporated relevant pages of the original in troductory material (indicated by brackets around original folios).

Any work

that attempts to describe such a vast and complex subject inevitably includes errors of both omission and commission. The Order of Battle is no exception. No attempt has been made to correct any er rors in the work. For those students who wish to pursue these matters, they will find most of the original source material in the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration. What remains of the original manuscript for the volumes is in the custody of the Center and is available for examination. In increasing numbers, military historians are coming to realize that the Army's experiences in World War I offer students of the profession of arms a vast classroom in which they might study the many facets of their subject. The Order of Battle is not a definitive guide, but it is a fine place to begin any in-depth study of that mighty war.

Washington,

D.G

7 August 1987

iv

WILLIAM A. STOFFT

Brigadier General,

USA

Chief of Military History

Contents

Page

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS, AMERICAN EXPEDI-

TIONARY FORCES.................................... 1

AMERICAN

SERVICES OF SUPPLY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 AMERICAN FIRST ARMY.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 81 AMERICAN SECOND ARMY ............................ 150 AMERICAN THIRD ARMy.............................. 170 AMERICAN I ARMY CORPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 AMERICAN II ARMY CORPS.. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 220 AMERICAN III ARMY CORPS _.......................... 237 AMERICAN IV ARMY CORPS........................... 268 AMERICAN V ARMY CORPS............................ 290 AMERICAN VI ARMY CORPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 AMERICAN VII ARMY CORPS.......................... 329 AMERICAN VIII ARMY CORPS......................... 337 AMERICAN IX ARMY CORPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

FRENCH II COLONIAL CORPS (while serving American

Armies)

................................................ 346 FRENCH XVII CORPS (while serving American Armies). . . . 362 FRENCH XXXIII CORPS (while serving American Armies). 375

AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE, NORTH RUSSIA 380

AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE, SIBERIA........ 385

AMERICAN FORCES, FRANCE ......................... 390 AMERICAN FORCES, GERMANY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

COMPARISON OF FRENCH AND GERMAN CLOCK

TIME, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

CALENDAR............................................. 407 ABBREVIATIONS ....................................... 410 v

American Expeditionary Forces:

General

Headquarters

Armies, Army Corps

Services of Supply

Separate Forces

PREFACE

This publication, "Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War", is an official War Department document prepared by the Historical Section, Army War College, for the purpose of making available an accurate digest of the principal facts concerning the participation of the larger organizations of the land forces of the

United States Army in the World War.

It presents command rosters of such organizations, tables depicting their da.ily order of battle, their composition at important periods, and under "Record of Events" a chronological resume of the principal events regarding the organization and its operations. The work is planned as consisting of three volumes. Two volumes are devoted to the American Expeditionary Forces, one concerning itself with organizations larger than a division, the other with divisions. A third volume is contemplated, dealing with organizations in the United States and containing appendices pertinent to the entire series. The work is based upon original sources, most of which are official documents of the War Department. They include war diaries, oper ation reports, journals of operations, reports on battle participation; historical reports of brigades, divisions, corps, and armies; field orders, operation orders, returns, rosters, cablegrams, telegrams, and numerous other papers, the majority of which had their genesis in the organizations described. Most of these documents are on file in the World War Division of The Adjutant General's Office or in the Historical Section, Army War College. A source book, for each unit described, has been prepared indicating the authority for statements made in the Order of Battle and is preserved in the Historical Section for reference. Every effort has been made to achieve accuracy, but occasionally contradictory evidence and incompleteness of records made this task difficult. Before publishing these volumes, drafts of their contents were forwarded to officers who participated in the operations, whose first-hand knowledge made their cooperation valuable, and their criticisms were examined and included in this work where justified.

Controversial

and personal factors have been purposely omitted. Incorporated in this work are outline histories of all divisions organized during the war, the army corps, armies, services of sup ply, and general headquarters, and the three French army corps which [ (V)] ix x [VI] were under American command. In addition are the records of the American forces in North Russia and in Siberia, separate military expeditions, the American Forces in France, and the American Forces in Germany. The record of each American unit begins with the date when its mobilization or organization was ordered by the War Depart ment or General Headquarters, AEF, and terminates with its demo bilization or discontinuance. In the cases of continuing Regular

Army divisions

the records close with the return of division hq to the United States. The data on the French army corps cover the periods during which they were actually under American army control. Whenever convenient, each outline history in this work has been divided into three parts: command, composition, and record. The following notes will explain the general arrangement and the meaning of certain standardized statements appearing in the text.

COMMAND

Under this heading will be found the commanders of all major units, including brigades in divisions, and chiefs of staff. In the army corps and higher units, the names of the heads of staff sections and deputy chiefs of staff have been added. Opposite each name appears the date of assumption of command or entry upon office, continuity as to time being preserved by the inclusion of all command ers ad interim and acting general staff officers. The rule in these lists has been to give credit for actual performance regardless of orders. They are terminated, in the case of organizations other than Regular Army, ordinarily with demobilization or discontinuance of the headquarters. Command lists of continuing Regular Army organizations are terminated upon arrival of their respective head quarters in the United States.

COMPOSITION

This table exhibits the military units assigned or attached during important periods to the higher organizations. As regards units permanently belonging to divisions the table is complete. Units, attached to or detached from divisions, are indicated in separate tables. In organizations larger than divisions-i. e., army and corps-there was no fixed organization, and although many corps and army troops remained continuously under the same headquarters, most of them were transferred from one larger unit to another as emergency demanded. Accordingly such troops are here grouped under higher organizations as of the most important dates. Care has been taken to make such lists complete, but omissions will be found, especially of small non-combatant units. No attempt has been made to determine actual period of service of the units listed, Xl [VII] and the periods are fixed only in a general manner. Orders are the basis for including such units in composition for a particular period, and, with rare exceptions, the service recorded was actually per formed. The composition for the SOS, all sections, is of the time of the signing of the armistice, and included in it is a list of the principal depots and installations operating under each section. A table of abbreviations appears in the back of this book.

TABLES

Tables depicting graphically the daily order of battle are published opposite record of events in army, corps, and division records. Thus all arrangement III.;IV in the army tables indicates that the III and IV Corps are abreast on the army front, IV Corps on the right, 78th

Division in army reserve.

42-3-80

Similarly an arrangement 32-92

indicates that the 42d, 3d, and 80th Divisions are in line abreast, from left to right, on a corps front, with the 32d and 92d Divisions com prising the corps reserve. l

As changes are made from day to day in

the major units holding battle positions the corps and army tables record the changes in each case by new graphic representations. In compiling these tables the rule has been to place a corps or divi sion on the front line coincident with change of command, and its relief from the front is treated under a similar rule. A unit is placed in army or corps reserve only when competent orders so authorize it to be, and then only when its position in relation to the battle front makes such status logical. The arrangement discussed refers to only those divisions or corps serving on front line or in reserve. Additional tables, on the same pages throughout the army and corps records, include and show the status of the other divisions, part of the army and corps, namely (a) divisions, assigned and attached by orders or letter, but which have not arrived in the area of the higher organization under consideration;3 (r) divisions neither in line nor reserve, although the headquarters of such divisions are within the army or corps areas; (x) divisions con trolled tactically by some organization other than the one under

I Throughout the Order at Battle publJeatlon, Roman numerals have been used In designating army corps,

Arabic numerals, divisions, and

the uniform practice has been en spell out the army designations. Exam

ples: I Corps; 1st Dlv; First Army. Unless some prefix like Fr (French), Br (British) Is used before such

designation tbe unit under discussion Is an American unit.

, Tbe Preface, pp. V and vr, Order of Battle-Divisions, should be read for a thorough understanding of

the principles followed throughout this work on matters pertaining to this subject.

• Where duplicate orders Issue from two or more headquarters of higher authority directing attachment

or assignment of 8 subordinate unit It has been the rule in preparing this work to use the orders of the

principal authority. XlI [vmJ consideration (as in a case where an American division is in line or sector under a French corps or army), but whose administrative control is with the particular American corps considered.'

Fixing

the location of an organization with respect to a particular army or corps area is difficult where such organization is moving, so the rule adopted for this publication was that the establishment of the headquarters of the moving organization would control. With drawal of the headquarters likewise would be considered removal from the area.

RECORD OF EVENTS

For each organization considered in this work, it has been the pur pose, so far as possible, to include under this heading all the important facts pertaining to it, in as succinct a manner as practicable. This record does not purport to be a history of the organization, but is rather an outline. For the sake of clarity and uniformity the record of each organiza tion, where it could be done, has been broken up into subdivisions in order that all the facts pertinent to organization, movement over seas, training, operations, and post-armistice activities, might be grouped under respective heads.

In the case of the higher units it is

obvious that some deviation must be made from such a scheme, but as far as possible the general plan was so carried out. Owing to the the nature of this work it has been impracticable to enter at length into the tactical or strategical maneuvers of each major unit; only facts pertinent to order of battIe in operations have been included. Front line descriptions, in the matter of detail, vary naturally with the nature of the record under consideration, the army descriptions being very general, the corps less general, and the division descriptions still more detailed. Descriptions of boundaries and zones of action, shown in army and corps accounts, are extracted from orders.

French 1 :200,OOO-scale maps, "Plans Directeurs"

form the basis of front line and boundary descriptions. After the armistice disintegration of the American Expeditionary

Forces began. Divisions were

returned to the United States, as such, and, with the exception of Regular Army units, demobilized. Most of the higher units were abolished or discontinued abroad; so this record, although it relates the events to the point of dissolution or discon tinuance, does not describe the return to the United States of corps, army, or higher headquarters, or their troops, excepting the General Headquarters, AEF. In the case of divisions the sailings of the first organic units and of the headquarters are recorded; no attempt has been made to account for all divisional units, but the arrival of the

• Facts relating to administrative control In so far 88 the division records are concerned are Included In the

divisional record of eventa. Xlll [ IX] last divisional unit in the United States is regularly shown in order to establish the temunation of the movement. The terms "arrive", "disembark", "land", used in describing move ments of units overseas, are used interchangeably to show actual date of arrival of transports, carrying such units, at overseas ports of debarkation.

HOW TO USE THE ORDER OF BATTLE

Given the information that the American First Army was respon sible for the reduction of the St-Mihiel salient, the following concrete example is presented to illustrate how the Order of

Battle may be

used. First step: Obtain the army information by turning to the First Army record, pages 91 to 109, and reading the record of events dealing with the St-Mihiel Operation. Next, study pages 98, 104, 106, and

108, the tables identifying the corps and showing their battle

status during the operation. These tables show the order of bat tle First Army Sept 12, opening day of St-Milllel Operation, to be V-Fr II CI-IV-I . d' . h h V F II C 1 . 1 IV d I

80 91 35' rn lcatrng t at t e ,r 0 oma , , an

Corps, from left to right were on the army front and that the 80th, 91st, and 35th Divisions comprised the army reserve. Turn to page 81, where may be obtained the names of the commander and staff of the First Army directing the operation Sept 12-16. On page 82 will be found a list of units serving the

First Army, at times between Aug

20-Sept 16, most of them having direct relationship to the operation.

Second step: From the army record it has been learned that the I, IV, V, and Fr II Colonial Corps took part in the St-Milllel Opera tion. Take each corps up in turn following the ::lame procedure as in the army. The record of events, tables, command list, and com position for the I

Corps may be found between pages 207 and 211.

Similar

data for the IV Corps may be found on pages 273 to 279, for the V Corps on pages 295 to 301, for the Fr Cl Corps on pages 349 to 355. Third step: Study of the records of the divisions that participated in the St-Mihiel Operation may now be made. Turning back to the tables of the I Corps it will be noted that on Sept 12 the order of

2-5-90-82

battle of that corps was 78 ' which interpreted means that the 2d, 5th, 90th, and 82d Divisions, in that order from left to right, were in line on the front of the I

Corps when the battle began and the

78th Division constituted I

Corps reserve. Study of the records of

each of these divisions, to be found in the volume of the Order of Battle devoted to divisions, will furnish additional data regarding XIV [X] the conduct of the St-Mihiel Operation. 1

Contained in the record

of each division will be found the list of commanders,quotesdbs_dbs25.pdfusesText_31

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