[PDF] Data Type Stack & Queue supports hardware stack to implement





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Stack Program in C

We shall see the stack implementation in C programming language here. You can try the program by clicking on the Try-it button. To learn the theory aspect 



UNIT-2 Stack & Queue

We shall see the stack implementation in C programming language here. You can try the program by clicking on the Try-it button. To learn the theory aspect of 



DATA STRUCTURES USING “C”

Implementation of peek() function in C programming language ?. Example int peek() { return stack[top];. } isfull(). Algorithm of isfull() function ?.



Untitled

7.2.2 C and other conventional languages. choosing a programming language and how stack machines can efficiently support many different languages.



Smashing The Stack For Fun And Profit Aleph One Introduction

`smash the stack` [C programming] n. On many C implementations it is possible to corrupt the execution stack by writing past the end of an array declared 



End-to-End Verification of Stack-Space Bounds for C Programs

Formally verified compilers [11 24] such as the CompCert C. Compiler [27] guarantee that certain program properties of the source programs are preserved during 



A Preliminary Exploration of Optimized Stack Code Generation

experimental stack-scheduling compiler and hand- coding techniques to optimize stack usage on several small C programs at both the basic-block level and the.



Memory management in C: The heap and the stack

7 Oct 2010 Heap: When program allocate memory at runtime using calloc and malloc function then memory gets allocated in heap. when some more memory need ...



LECTURE NOTES on PROGRAMMING & DATA STRUCTURE

matrices Stacks and Queues: Applications of Stack: Prefix



Data Type Stack & Queue

supports hardware stack to implement recursive programming exception int main() // testStack.c. { stack s ; int x



[PDF] Stack Program in C - Tutorialspoint

STACK PROGRAM IN C We shall see the stack implementation in C programming language here You can try the program by clicking on the Try-it button



[PDF] Data Structures Stack Implementation in C - Dimitrios Michail

A push down stack is an abstract data type which include the following operations: ? Insert a new element PUSH(Sx) ? Delete the last element which was 



[PDF] UNIT-2 Stack & Queue

For a complete stack program in C programming language please click here Stack Program in C We shall see the stack implementation in C programming language 



[PDF] Stack:

A stack is an Abstract Data Type (ADT) commonly used in most programming languages It is named stack as it behaves like a real-world stack for example – a 



[PDF] Data Type Stack & Queue - CSE IIT Kgp

1 Most modern computer architecture supports hardware stack to implement recursive programming exception handling system call implementation



[PDF] UNIT 4 STACKS - eGyanKosh

1 Stack Stack Stack Stack (a) Push operation List: C List: BC represent a stack using the data structures that exist in our programming language 



[PDF] DATA STRUCTURES USING “C” - CET

1 Gilberg and Forouzan: “Data Structure- A Pseudo code approach with C” by A stack is an Abstract Data Type (ADT) commonly used in most programming 



[PDF] Data Structures & Programming

STL stack may cause the program to crash (abort) for example if one calls pop() on an C++ implementation of ArrayStack What goes into the cpp file?



[PDF] 3 Stack - NCERT

3 2 1 APPLICATIONS OF STACK Some examples of application of stack in programming status of stack after each operation given A=3 B=5 C=1 D=4



[PDF] Stack Operations Runtime Stack

The API is also available to ease and speed up the programming process For example several functions are available to create read and delete a file The 

  • What is stack program in C?

    In C, a Stack is a linear data structure that follows the LIFO (Last In First Out) approach to perform a series of basic operations like push, pop, peek, and traverse. A Stack can be implemented using an Array or Linked List.

  • What is a stack in PDF?

    • A stack is an ordered list in which insertion. and deletion are done at one end, called top. The last element inserted is the first one to be deleted. Hence, it is called the Last in First out (LIFO) or First in Last out (FILO) list.

  • How to write C program for stack?

    1#include<stdio.h>2void push(char element, char stack[], int *top, int stackSize){3if(*top == -1){4stack[stackSize - 1] = element;5*top = stackSize - 1;6}7else if(*top == 0){8printf("The stack is already full. \\ n");

  • C program to implement stacks using arrays

    1#include<stdio.h>2int stack[10],choice,n,top,x,i; // Declaration of variables.3?4void push();5void pop();6void display();7?8int main()

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 1

Data Type Stack & Queue

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 2

Stack and Queue

Both stack and queue are important data types used in computing. They are essentially lists of data with restricted entry and exit orderings.

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 3

Use of Stack

1. Most modern computer architecture

supports hardware stack to implement recursive programming, exception handling, system call implementation.

2. Compiler uses stack for syntax checking and

semantic action.

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 4

Basic Operations on a Stackinit()

s:Stack , empty stack. isEmpty(s) b:Boolean top(s) v:Data , ifsis not empty error , otherwise push(s,v) t:Stack pop(s) t:Stack , ifsis not empty error , otherwise

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 5

A Few Axioms of the Stack Operations

isEmpty(init()) =true isEmpty(push(s,v)) =false pop(init()) =error pop(push(s,v)) =s top(init()) =error top(push(s,v)) =v

The axioms define the operations.

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 6

Stack: an Exampleinit()→[],empty stack

push([],5)→[5] push([5],7)→[5 7] push([5 7],3)→[5 7 3] pop([5 7 3])→[5 7] push([5 7],10)→[5 7 10] top([5 7 10])→10 LIFO list.

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 7

Basic Operations on a Queueinit()

q:Queue , an empty queue isEmpty(q) b:Boolean front(q) d:Data , if q is not empty error , otherwise add(q,d) p:Queue delete(q) p:Queue , if q is notempty error , otherwise

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 8

Note

The operation

add is also called insert, enqueue ; similarly the operation delete is also called dequeue

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 9

A Few Axioms of the Queue OperationsisEmpty(init()) =true isEmpty(add(q,d)) =false delete(init()) =error delete(add(q,d)) =q, ifqis empty = add(delete(q),d), otherwise front(init()) =error front(add(q,v)) =v, ifqis empty = front(q), otherwise

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 10

Queue: an Exampleinit()→[],empty queue

add([],5)→[5] add([5],7)→[5 7] add([5 7],3)→[5 7 3] delete([5 7 3])→[7 3] add([7 3],10)→[7 3 10] front([7 3 10])→7 FIFO list.

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 11

Implementation of Stack & Queue

A stack (queue) may grow to any arbitrary size.

So an ideal stack (ideal queue) cannot be implemented in a real machine (finite capacity).

We can implement an approximation of a stack

(queue).

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 12

Stack on an Array: data representation

typedef struct { int data[SIZE]; int tos; // top of stack } stack;

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 13

3 stack tos data

20251030

0123

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 14

Stack on an Array: operations

void init(stack *) ; int push(stack * , int) ; int pop(stack *) ; int top(stack *, int *) ; int isEmpty(stack *) ; int isFull(stack *) ; // For finite size

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 15

Note

The data type

stack is a big structure and we shall always pass a pointer to it to avoid large volume of data copy in parameter passing (call-by value).

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 16

stack.h #ifndef _STACK_H #define _STACK_H #define SIZE 200 #define ERROR 1 #define OK 0 typedef struct { int data[SIZE]; int tos; } stack ; void init(stack *) ; int push(stack * , int) ;

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 17

int pop(stack *) ; int top(stack *, int *) ; int isEmpty(stack *) ; int isFull(stack *) ; // For finite size #endif

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 18

Implementation:

stack.c #include "stack.h" void init(stack *s) // stack.c { s->tos = -1;} int isFull(stack *s) { return s->tos == SIZE-1;} int isEmpty(stack *s) { return s->tos == -1;} int push(stack *s, int n) { if(isFull(s)) {

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 19

printf("The STACK is full\n"); return ERROR ; s->data[++s->tos]=n; return OK ; int Pop(stack *s) { if(isEmpty(s)) { printf("The STACK is empty\n"); return ERROR ; s -> tos-- ; return OK ;

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 20

int Top(stack *s , int *val) { if(isEmpty(s)) { printf("The STACK is empty\n") ; return ERROR ; *val = (s -> data[s -> tos]) ; return OK ;

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 21

Compiling the datatype

$ cc -Wall -c stack.c

We get the object module

stack.o . We can construct library from it.

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 22

User Program:

testStack.c #include #include "stack.h" int main() // testStack.c stack s ; int x , err , val ; char c ; init(&s); printf(" "U" for push (U 15)\n "O" for pop\n "T" for top printf(" "E" for exit :\n");

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 23

while((c = getchar()) != "e" && c != "E") switch(c) { case "u" : case "U" : scanf("%d",&x); err = push(&s,x); break; case "o" : case "O" : err = pop(&s); break; case "t" : case "T" : err = top(&s , &val) ;

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 24

if(!err) printf("%d\n", val); break; case "\n" : case "\t" : case " " : break; default : printf("Token Unknown\n"); return 0;

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 25

Compiling the User Program

$ cc -Wall testStack.c stack.o

We get the executable module

a.out

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 26

Queue on Circular Array: Representation

#define MAX 200 typedef struct { int data[MAX] ; int front , rear ; } queue;The queue may contain

MAX - 1

data.

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 27

queue data front rear 20 5 10 2 5 0 1

23456 7

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 28

data front rear 2 0 1

23456 7

2 empty queue

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 29

data front 2 0 1

23456 7

5

12720 37

13 71
2 rear full queue

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 30

Queue on Circular Array: Operations

void init(queue *) ; int add(queue *, int) ; int delete(queue *); int front(queue *, int *) ; int isEmpty(queue *) ; int isFull(queue *) ;

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 31

Interface File:

queue.h #include #ifndef _QUEUE_H #define _QUEUE_H #define MAX 200 #define ERROR 1 #define OK 0 typedef struct { // queue.h

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 32

int data[MAX]; int front, rear; } queue; /* Queue may contain MAX-1 data.*/ void init(queue *); int add(queue *, int); int delete(queue *); int front(queue *, int *); int isEmpty(queue *);

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 33

int isFull(queue *); #endif

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 34

Implementation File:

queue.c #include "queue.h" void init(queue *q) // queue.c { q->front=q->rear=0; } int isEmpty(queue *q) { return q->rear == q->front; } int isFull(queue *q) { return (q->rear+1)%MAX == q->front; }

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 35

int add(queue *q, int n) { if(isFull(q)) return ERROR; q->rear=(q->rear+1)%MAX; q->data[q->rear]=n; return OK ; int delete(queue *q) { if(isEmpty(q)) return ERROR ; q->front=(q->front+1)%MAX ;

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 36

return OK ; int front(queue *q , int *v) { if(isEmpty(q)) return ERROR ; *v=q->data[(q->front+1)%MAX] ; return OK ;

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 37

User Program:

testQueue.c #include "queue.h" int main() // testQueue.c queue q ; int x , err , val ; char c; init(&q); printf(" "A" for add (A 15)\n") ; printf(" "D" for delete\n "F" for front\n "E" for exit while((c = getchar()) != "e" && c != "E") switch(c) {

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 38

case "a" : case "A" : scanf("%d",&x); err = add(&q,x); if(err) printf("The Queue is full\n") ; break; case "d" : case "D" : err = delete(&q); if(err) printf("The Queue is empty\n") ; break; case "f" : case "F" : err = front(&q , &val) ;

Lect 27Goutam Biswas

PDS: CS 11002Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 39

if(err) printf("The Queue is empty\n") ; else printf("%d\n",val); break; case "\n" : case "\t" : case " " :quotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20
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