Chapter 3 Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and PDF

B to calculate the mass of Substance B formed (if it's a product) or used (if it's a reactant). Page 38. Stoichiometry. Stoichiometric Calculations. Starting

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[PDF] Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations

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[PDF] Chapter 1: Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

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[PDF] Stoichiometry

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[PDF] Chapter 3 Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and

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[PDF] Stoichiometry Notes

1 Unit 7 STOICHIOMETRY 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry 1 methane molecule reacts with two oxygen molecules to moles in a chemical equation

How to do stoichiometry calculations?
Stoichiometry is the study of the. quantitative relationships in substances. and their reactions. –Chemical equations. –The mole and molar mass.
What is stoichiometry in chemistry PDF?
Stoichiometric difficulties can be classified into four categories:
Mass to mass conversion.Mass to moles conversion.Mole to mass steps conversion.Mole to mole steps conversion.
What are the 4 types of stoichiometric calculations?
Let's start from the beginning - step by step.
Step 1: Extract all measurement data from the task. Step 2: Convert all units of measurement to the same base units. Step 3: Write a balanced reaction. Step 4: Determine the stoichiometry of species. Step 5: Calculate the desired quantity.

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Chapter 3 Stoichiometry:

Calculations with Chemical

Formulas and Equations

John D. Bookstaver

St. Charles Community College

Cottleville, MO

Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition

Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.,

and Bruce E. Bursten

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Law of Conservation of Mass

incontestable axiom that, in all the operations of art and nature, nothing is created; an equal amount of matter exists both before and after the experiment.

Upon this principle, the whole art

of performing chemical --Antoine Lavoisier, 1789

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Chemical Equations

Chemical equations are concise

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Subscripts and Coefficients Give

Different Information

Subscripts tell the number of atoms of

each element in a molecule.

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Subscripts and Coefficients Give

Different Information

Subscripts tell the number of atoms of

each element in a molecule

Coefficients tell the number of

molecules.

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Reaction

Types

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Combination Reactions

Examples:

2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2 MgO (s)

N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

C3H6 (g) + Br2 (l) C3H6Br2 (l)

In this type of

reaction two or more substances react to form one product.

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

In a decomposition

one substance breaks down into two or more substances.

Decomposition Reactions

Examples:

CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

2 KClO3 (s) 2 KCl (s) + O2 (g)

2 NaN3 (s) 2 Na (s) + 3 N2 (g)

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Combustion Reactions

Examples:

CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g)

C3H8 (g) + 5 O2 (g) 3 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (g)

These are generally

rapid reactions that produce a flame.

Most often involve

hydrocarbons reacting with oxygen in the air.

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Formula

Weights

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Formula Weight (FW)

A formula weight is the sum of the

atomic weights for the atoms in a chemical formula.

So, the formula weight of calcium

chloride, CaCl2, would be

Ca: 1(40.1 amu)

+ Cl: 2(35.5 amu)

111.1 amu

Formula weights are generally reported

for ionic compounds.

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Molecular Weight (MW)

A molecular weight is the sum of the

atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule.

For the molecule ethane, C2H6, the

molecular weight would be

C: 2(12.0 amu)

30.0 amu

+ H: 6(1.0 amu)

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Percent Composition

One can find the percentage of the

mass of a compound that comes from each of the elements in the compound by using this equation: % element = (number of atoms)(atomic weight) (FW of the compound) x 100

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Percent Composition

So the percentage of carbon in ethane

%C = (2)(12.0 amu) (30.0 amu)

24.0 amu

30.0 amu = x 100

The molar mass of an element is the mass

number for the element that we find on the periodic table. same number as the molar mass (in g/mol).

Stoichiometry

Using Moles

Moles provide a bridge from the molecular

scale to the real-world scale.

Stoichiometry

Mole Relationships

One mole of atoms, ions, or molecules contains

One mole of molecules or formula units contains

ions of each element in the compound.

Stoichiometry

Finding

Empirical

Formulas

Stoichiometry

Calculating Empirical Formulas

One can calculate the empirical formula from

the percent composition.

Stoichiometry

Calculating Empirical Formulas

The compound para-aminobenzoic acid (you may have

seen it listed as PABA on your bottle of sunscreen) is composed of carbon (61.31%), hydrogen (5.14%), nitrogen (10.21%), and oxygen (23.33%). Find the empirical formula of PABA.

Stoichiometry

Calculating Empirical Formulas

Assuming 100.00 g of para-aminobenzoic acid,

C: 61.31 g x = 5.105 mol C

H: 5.14 g x = 5.09 mol H

N: 10.21 g x = 0.7288 mol N

C: = 7.005 7

H: = 6.984 7

N: = 1.000

O: = 2.001 2

5.105 mol

0.7288 mol

5.09 mol

0.7288 mol

1.458 mol

0.7288 mol

Stoichiometry

Calculating Empirical Formulas

These are the subscripts for the empirical formula:

C7H7NO2

Stoichiometry

Combustion Analysis

Compounds containing C, H and O are routinely

analyzed through combustion in a chamber like this.

C is determined from the mass of CO2 produced.

H is determined from the mass of H2O produced.

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[PDF] Chapter 3 Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and

How to do stoichiometry calculations?

What is stoichiometry in chemistry PDF?

Stoichiometric difficulties can be classified into four categories:

What are the 4 types of stoichiometric calculations?

Let's start from the beginning - step by step.

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Chapter 3

Stoichiometry:

Calculations with Chemical

Formulas and Equations

John D. Bookstaver

St. Charles Community College

Cottleville, MO

Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition

Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.,

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Law of Conservation of Mass

Upon this principle, the whole art

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Chemical Equations

Chemical equations are concise

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Anatomy of a Chemical Equation

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Anatomy of a Chemical Equation

Reactants appear on the left

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Anatomy of a Chemical Equation

Products appear on the

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Anatomy of a Chemical Equation

The states of the reactants and products

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Anatomy of a Chemical Equation

Coefficients are inserted

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Subscripts and Coefficients Give

Different Information

Subscripts tell the number of atoms of

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Subscripts and Coefficients Give

Different Information

Subscripts tell the number of atoms of

Coefficients tell the number of

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Reaction

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Combination Reactions

Examples:

2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2 MgO (s)

N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

C3H6 (g) + Br2 (l) C3H6Br2 (l)

In this type of

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

In a decomposition

Decomposition Reactions

Examples:

CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

2 KClO3 (s) 2 KCl (s) + O2 (g)

2 NaN3 (s) 2 Na (s) + 3 N2 (g)

Stoichiometry

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Combustion Reactions

Examples:

CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g)

C3H8 (g) + 5 O2 (g) 3 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (g)