[PDF] 2 TIME VALUE OF MONEY - University of Scranton





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Present value and Future value tables Table 1 - KnowledgEquity

Table 3 - Present value interest factors for single cash flows. PV = 1/(1 + k)^n). Period. (n) / per cent (k). 1%. 2%. 3%. 4%. 5%. 6%. 7%. 8%. 9%. 10%. 11%. 12%.



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2. TIME VALUE OF MONEY

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financial appraisal of railway projects 201- 202

on the Railways does not take into account the time value of money. Also With TABLE-B present value calculations can be made more quickly if the cash in ...



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Time Value of Money. Page 1. TABLE 1. Future Value Factors. Periods. 1%. 2%. 3%. 4%. 5%. 6%. 7%. 1. 1.0100. 1.0200. 1.0300. 1.0400. 1.0500. 1.0600. 1.0700. 2.



UNIT 2 TIME VALUE OF MONEY

The above equation in the table is a basic equation in compounding analysis. The ( 1 + i)" factor is called the compounding factor or Future Value Interest 



APPENDIX A The Time Value of Money TABLE A.1 Present Value

12 Jan 2005 APPENDIX A The Time Value of Money. TA. B. LE A .2. Fu ture V alue Factors for a Single Amount. Periods. 1%2%. 2.5%. 3%4%5%6%7%. 8%. 9%. 10%. 11 ...



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ver the last several decades the technology for teaching finance—specifically the time value of money. (TVM)—has advanced from published tables to hand-held 



The Time Value of Money Part 2A Future Value of Annuities

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Present Value and Future Value Tables. Table A-1 Future Value Interest Factors for One Dollar Compounded at k Percent for n Periods: FVIF kn = (1 + k) n.



Present value and Future value tables Table 1 - KnowledgEquity

Present value and Future value tables Table 1 - Future value interest factors for single cash flows. Formula: FV = (1 + k)^n. Period. (n) / per cent (k).



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Modern Macro Economics: Fiscal Policy. 27. Budget Deficits and Government Debt. Section III: Financial Management. 28. •. Time Value of Money.



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2. TIME VALUE OF MONEY

Understand the concepts of time value of money compounding



UNIT 2 TIME VALUE OF MONEY

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2 TIME VALUE OF MONEY - University of Scranton

2 TIME VALUE OF MONEY Objectives: After reading this chapter you should be able to 1 Understand the concepts of time value of money compounding and discounting 2 Calculate the present value and future value of various cash flows using proper mathematical formulas 2 1 Single-Payment Problems



THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY - New York University

THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY A dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future because we can invest the dollar elsewhere and earn a return on it Most people can grasp this argument without the use of models and mathematics In this chapter we use the concept of time value of money



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Time Value of Money KEY Diane invests $500 today in an account earning 7 How much will it be worth in 5 years? $701 10 years? $984 20 years? $1935Example for 5 years: Answer 2 Same facts as #1 except Diane finds an account earning 10 How much will it be worth in 5 years? $805 10 years? $1297 20 years? $3364 3



Searches related to time value of money table PDF

Chapter 4: Time Value of Money The concept of Time Value of Money: An amount of money received today is worth more than the same dollar value received a year from now Why? Do you prefer a $100 today or a $100 one year from now? why? -Consumption forgone has value -Investment lost has opportunity cost

  • How The Time Value of Money Works

    A simple example can be used to show the time value of money. Assume that someone offers to pay you one of two ways for some work you are doing for them: They will either pay you $1,000 now or $1,100 one year from now. Which pay option should you take? It depends on what kind of investment returnyou can earn on the money at the present time. Since ...

  • Time Value and Purchasing Power

    The time value of money is also related to the concepts of inflationand purchasing power. Both factors need to be taken into consideration along with whatever rate of return may be realized by investing the money. Why is this important? Because inflation constantly erodes the value, and therefore the purchasing power, of money. It is best exemplifi...

  • Present Value of Future Money Formula

    The formula can also be used to calculate the present valueof money to be received in the future. You simply divide the future value rather than multiplying the present value. This can be helpful in considering two varying present and future amounts. In our original example, we considered the options of someone paying your $1,000 today versus $1,10...

  • Net Present Value Example

    Below is an illustration of what the Net Present Value of a series of cash flows looks like. As you can see, the Future Value of cash flows are listed across the top of the diagram and the Present Value of cash flows are shown in blue bars along the bottom of the diagram. This example is taken from CFI’s Free Introduction to Corporate Finance Cours...

What is time value of money?

(Also, with future money, there is the additional risk that the money may never actually be received, for one reason or another). The time value of money is sometimes referred to as the net present value (NPV) of money. A simple example can be used to show the time value of money.

Who is the author of the time value of money tables?

Title Time Value of Money Tables Author Dr. Sharon H. Garrison - Copyright © 1999 studyfinance.com Subject Finance Keywords Finance Created Date Monday, January 05, 1998 9:13:23 PM

How do you calculate the future value of money?

The formula can also be used to calculate the present value of money to be received in the future. You simply divide the future value rather than multiplying the present value. This can be helpful in considering two varying present and future amounts.

What is the monthly interest rate on a savings account?

The monthly interest rate on a savings account is 1%, compounded monthly. The effective annual rate is (a) 11.25% (b) 12.00% (c) 12.68% (d) 13.13%

13

2. TIME VALUE OF MONEY

Objectives: After reading this chapter, you should be able to

1. Understand the concepts of time value of money, compounding, and discounting.

2. Calculate the present value and future value of various cash flows using proper

mathematical formulas.

2.1 Single-Payment Problems

If we have the option of receiving $100 today, or $100 a year from now, we will choose to get the money now. There are several reasons for our choice to get the money immediately. First, we can use the money and spend it on basic human needs such as food and shelter. If we already have enough money to survive, then we can use the $100 to buy clothes, books, or transportation. Second, we can invest the money that we receive today, and make it grow. The returns from investing in the stock market have been remarkable for the past several years. If we do not want to risk the money in stocks, we may buy riskless Treasury securities. Third, there is a threat of inflation. For the last several years, the rate of inflation has averaged around 3% per year. Although the rate of inflation has been quite low, there is a good possibility that a car selling for $15,000 today may cost $16,000 next year. Thus, the $100 we receive a year from now may not buy the same amount of goods and services that $100 can buy today. We can avoid this erosion of the purchasing power of the dollar due to inflation if we can receive the money today and spend it. Fourth, human beings prefer to get pleasurable things as early as possible, and postpone unpleasant things as much as possible. We can use the $100 that we receive today buy new clothes, or to go out for dinner. If you are going to get the money a year from now, you may also have to postpone all these nice things. Then there is the uncertainty of not receiving the money at all after waiting for a year. People are risk-averse, meaning, they do not like to take unnecessary risk. To avoid the uncertainty, or the risk of non-payment, we would like to get the money as soon as possible. Banks and thrift institutions know that to attract deposits from investors, they must offer some kind of incentive. This incentive, the interest, compensates the depositors for their inability to spend their money immediately. For instance, if the bank offers a 5% rate of interest to the depositors, the $100 today will become $105 after a year.

Introduction to Finance 2. Time Value of Money

14 Let us look at the problem analytically. If we deposit a sum of money with the present value PV in a bank that pays interest at the rate r, then after one year it will become PV(1 + r). Let us call this amount its future value FV. We may write it as

FV = PV (1 + r)

We may also think of (1 + r) as a growth factor. Continuing this process for another year, compounding the interest annually, the future value will become

FV = [PV (1 + r)](1 + r) = PV (1 + r)2

This gives the future value after two years. If we can continue this compounding for n years, the future value then becomes FV = PV (1 + r)n (2.1) The above expression is valid for annual compounding. If we do the compounding quarterly, the amount of interest credited will be only at the rate r/4, but there will also be

4n compounding periods in n years. Similarly, for monthly compounding, the interest rate

is r/12 per month and the compounding occurs 12n times in n years. Thus, the above equation becomes

FV = PV (1 + r/12)12n

At times, it is necessary to find the present value of a sum of money available in the future. To do that we write equation (2.1) as follows:

PV = FV

(1 + r)n (2.2) This gives the present value of a future payment. Discounting is the procedure to convert the future value of a sum of money to its present value. Discounting is a very important concept in finance because it allows us to compare the present value of different future payments. Equations (2.1) and (2.2) relate the following four quantities:

FV = the future value of a sum of money

PV = the present value of the same amount

r = the interest rate, or the growth rate per period n = number of periods of growth If we know any three of the quantities, we can always find the fourth one.

Introduction to Finance 2. Time Value of Money

15

2.2 Multiple-Payment Problems

In many financial situations, we have to deal with a stream of payments, such as rent receipts, or monthly paychecks. An annuity represents such a series of cash payments, even for monthly or weekly payments. Another example of an annuity is that of a loan that you take out and then pay back in monthly installments. Many insurance companies give the proceeds of a life insurance policy either as a lump sum, or in the form of an annuity. A perpetuity is a stream of payments that continues forever. In this section, we will learn how to find the present value and the future value of an annuity. If there is a cash flow C at the end of first, second, third... period, then the sum of discounted cash flows is given by S = C

1 + r + C

(1 + r)2 + C (1 + r)3 + ... n terms (2.3) Here S represents the present value of all future cash flows. We compare it to the standard form of geometric series S = a + ax + ax2 + ax3 + ... + axn (1.1)

We notice that the first term a = C

1 + r , and the ratio between the terms x = 1

1 + r . We

know its summation as

Sn = a (xn)

x (1.2)

This gives

S = C

1 + r quotesdbs_dbs4.pdfusesText_8

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