Troubleshooting Hardware and Performance
performance. This chapter discusses some common problems and their solutions for hardware on your system including the normal components of a computer.
COMPUTER HARDWARE REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE
24-May-2017 Idenrfy computer hardware Issues/Problems determine faulty Computer hardware ... hard drive - Or hard disk is a common.
Problems and Solutions on Computer Network Maintenance Yang
If the failure occurs in server side we not only need to check the appropriate hardware devices
COMPUTER PROBLEMS AND TROUBLESHOOTING
CD ROMs do show common errors and compatibility issues with windows. Unless corrected a faulty CD ROM can lead to a system crash. If your PC shows problems.
Download Free Hardware Pc Problem And Solutions (PDF) - oms
19-Jul-2022 We allow Hardware Pc Problem And Solutions and numerous book collections from fictions to scientific research in any way. in the middle of ...
GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY AMRITSAR
Troubleshooting General PC Problems: Introduction General Troubleshooting rules
PC Troubleshooting and Maintenance Guide
Troubleshooting PC Problems . information on your PC should problems arise in the future. ... possible solutions to problems that may occur when.
Job Summary:
personal computer users on common computer and hardware and software problems. The TSS I will troubleshoot service and maintain peripheral and other
Troubleshooting Hardware and Booting Problems
PC Flash memory card—Routers can boot from a removable Flash memory card. Hardware: Cisco 7500 Series Startup Problems and Solutions. Possible Problem ...
Computer Network Failure and Solution
Journal of Computer Hardware Engineering(2018) network failure point find the root cause of the problem
PC Troubleshooting and Maintenance Guide - HP
Click Start and then click My Computer In the window that opens right-click the hard disk drive that you want to check and click Properties In the Properties window click the Tools tab Under Error-checking click Check Now If desired click the check box next to Automatically fix file system errors and
How to Troubleshoot Common PC Hardware Problems: Part 1
Nov 6 2012 · Push the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys at the same time Then start the Task Manager highlight the program’s name and hit the End Task button Perform a hard reboot by simply pressing the on/off button to turn off the computer manually This action should only be done as a last resort if you have an unresponsive program or critical error
Basics of Preventive Maintenance and Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting is a systematic approach to locating the cause of a fault in a computer sys-tem A good preventive maintenance program helps minimize failures With fewer failures there is less troubleshooting to do thus saving an organization time and money Preventive
Searches related to troubleshooting computer hardware problems and solutions PDF
System and Security: Troubleshoot problems with Windows Update modify power settings check for computer performance issues and run maintenance tasks including cleaning up unused ?les and shortcuts Also check search and indexing problems and adjust performance settings The Troubleshooting applet lists only some of the items for each
Troubleshooting
Do you know what to do if your screen goes blank? What if you can't seem to close an application, or can't hear any sound from your speakers? Whenever you have a problem with your computer, don't panic! There are many basic troubleshooting techniquesyou can use to fix issues like this. In this lesson, we'll show you some simple things to try when t...
Using The Process of Elimination
If you're having an issue with your computer, you may be able to find out what's wrong using the process of elimination. This means you'll make a list of things that could be causing the problem and then test them out one by one to eliminate them. Once you've identified the source of your computer issue, it will be easier to find a solution.
Simple Solutions to Common Problems
Most of the time, problems can be fixed using simple troubleshooting techniques, like closing and reopeningthe program. It's important to try these simple solutions before resorting to more extreme measures. If the problem still isn't fixed, you can try other troubleshooting techniques.
What are the most common computer hardware problems?
Some of the most common PC hardware problems that need troubleshooting are: Your computer won’t turn on. Your computer turns on, but still doesn’t work. Your computer screen freezes. Your computer has insufficient memory. You get a CMOS error. Your operating system is missing or your hard drive isn’t detected. You get the blue screen of death.
What is troubleshooting a computer?
Troubleshooting is the process of identifying the root cause of a problem and then finding a solution. Troubleshooting a computer involves a variety of different steps and thought processes. Done right, it can significantly reduce how long it takes you to find a fix for your PC.
How do I troubleshoot a bad PC?
This is one of the core principles of successful PC troubleshooting. A typical example would be to take out a stick of RAM and try booting your PC again. If it works, then either that RAM or the slot it was in is the cause of your problem. As you eliminate potential causes, it may also help to take notes to help you keep track of what you've tried.
Why is my computer not working?
What may seem like a hardware issue could be caused by your operating system, a faulty driver, or some other software-related fault. Ruling it out will edge you closer to the real problem. Try restoring your system to an earlier point, if possible. Uninstall applications you recently added. Roll back drivers if you made changes to them.
COMPUTERHARDWAREREPAIRSANDMAINTENANCE
Presenta(onByAkusaPeterAker
nd -24 thMay,2017
1ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Objec>ves
KnowledgeofComputerHardware
Iden(fycomputerhardwareIssues/Problems determinefaultyComputerhardware KnowBasiccomputertroubleshoo(ng(ps KnowledgeofOpera(ngSystemand device
Drivers
Iden(fyhardwarePeripherals Basicknowledgeofsafeguardinghardware Applytheknowledgetorepair/maintaina computer.2ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
LearningtheCOMPUTERBasics
3ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
WhatisaComputer?
• Anelectronicdevice,oper a(ngunderthecontrol ofinstruc(onsstored initsownmemory,thatcan: - Acceptdata(input)- Processthedataaccordingtospecified rules(process) - Produceresults(output)- Storetheresults (storage) forfuture use.4ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
WhatisaComputer?...
5ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Examples and type of computer
6ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
SmartphoneNotebookDesktopPDATablet
Mainframe
SupercomputersWearableComputers
Computer System is functional only if :
usersSoTware
Hardware
7ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Basic Hardware components
Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of a computer i.e. the components that can be seen and touched. Examples of Hardware are following:Inputdevices:keyboard,mouseetc.Outputdivices:printer,monitor,speakeretc.Secondarystoragedevices:Harddisk,CD,DVDetc.Internalcomponents:CPU,motherboard,RAMetc.
8ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ComputerHardware
9ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
HardwareComponents
Case/SystemUnit.Thecomputercase(alsocalledatowe r)istheboxthatenclosesmanyoftheparts/componentsofthecomputerPowerSupplyorSMPS(SwitchedModePowerSupply ).ConvertsACvoltagefromthewalloutlettoDCvoltagethecomputercanuse.Itsupp liesDC voltagesforintern alcomputercomponentsandhasafantokeepthecomputercool.Processor & Fan.Theprocessoristhemain"brain"ofacomputersystemwhiletheFanhelp toprevent overhea(ngofthevariouselectr oniccomponentsMotherboard. Themotherboardisalargeelectronic boardthatisusedtoconnectthepowersuppl ytovario usotherelectronicparts,andtoholdthesepartsinplaceonthecomputer.RAM(RandomAccessMemoryq shorttermmemorythatisusedtostoredocumentswhiletheyarebeingprocessed.q Theamountof RAMinacomputer determinethespeedofacomputer.q RAMa]ach estothemotherboard viasomespecificslots.NIC(N etworkInterfaceCard)used todescribetoolsthatallowyourcomputertoconnectand communicatewith variousinputandoutputdevices.
10ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Hardware Components cont...
Drives.q Acom puter'sdrivesarethedevicesusedforlongter mstorage ofinforma(on.e.g.HardDisk,FlashDi sketc.q harddrive-Orharddisk,isacommonstoragedeviceformaintaining filesinsidethecomputer,us uallymou ntedbeloworbesidethefloppydrive.q CDdrive-q Holdsdisks(CD s)thathavedata,music,orsocwareapplica(ons.q DVD(Digita lVersa>leDisk)drive-Popularalterna(vetoaCD drivethatsupportsCDsaswellasmusicandvideoDVDs.q FlashDrive-NIC(NetworkInterfaceCard)(NIC)isacomputer hardwarecomponentthatallowsacomputer toconnecttoanetwork.NICsmaybeusedforbothwiredandwirelessconnec(ons.ANICi salsokno wnasane tworkinterfacecontroller(NIC) ornetworkcard,LANcard,n etworkadapter ornetworkadaptercard(NAC).ComputerHarddiskareoftwo types,IDE(Integrateddriveelectronics)-q Hasarib bon likecablewitheither a40-pinor80 -pinconnector.q TheIDEdatatransferinterfacerunsinparallel.SATA(SerialAdvancedTechnologyA\achment)-q hasanarr owercable withasplitdataandpowerconnec(ons.q Ithasa7-pincableandamuchfasterdatatransferrate.q MostmotherboardsnowsupportSATAq Wellknowhardd iskmanufactures areSeagate,Wes ternDigitaletc.Peripheralhardware.q Arethecomp utercompo nentsthatarenotfoundwithinthecomputercaseq Itisdefinedasanyauxiliarydevicethatconn ectstoandworkswiththecomputerin someway. E.g.mouse,microphoneandkeyboard,monitor,printerandspeakersetc.
11ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
WhatisComputerPorts?
Port:Isacon nec toronthemotherboardorona
separateadapterthatallowsadevicetoconnecttoacom pute r;thesemayincludekeyboard ,mouse,serial,parallel,network,sound,orvideoports.
q Portsvar ywiththetype ofequipme ntthat connectstotheports. q Portshavegraduallychangedover(meas12ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Portcontd...
q Maleports-Have pinsthat protrudeoutfromtheconn ectorandrequireacablewithafemaleconnector. q Femaleports.Haveholesintheconnectortoacceptthemale cable'spins.13ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Ports...
• D-shellconnector-Aconnectorwithmorepinsorholesonthetoprowthanonthebo]omsothataconnectedcablecanonlybea]achedinonedirec(onandnotaccidentallyconnectedthewrongway;generallyrep resentedwith thele]ersDBandthenumberofpinssuchas,DB-9,DB-15,orDB-25.
• DINconnector -Rou ndwithsmallho lesand normallykeyed;thekeyboar dandmouseareusuallythistypeofconnectorwitheither5or6pins.14ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
USB.q A4-wireconnectortypeofportq Differentmodels(USB1.0,USB2.0andUSB3.0),q Co nnectallkindsofexte rnalUSBdevicese.g.externalharddisk,printer,scanner,mouse,keyboardetc.q MostofthecomputersprovidetwoUSBorthreeUSBportsasminimum.q Datatravels at12megabitspersecondsq USBcompliantdevicescangetpowerfromaUSBportTRS.TRS((p,ringandsleeve)portsAlsoknownasportsformini-jacksoraudiojacks.Theyarecommonlyusedtoconnectaudiodevicessuchasheadphonesandmicrophonestocomputers.HDMI(HighDefini(onMul(mediaInterface)q providesaninterfacebetween anyaudio/videosource,e.g.DVDplayer,orA/Vreceiverandanaudioand/orvideomonitor,suchasadigitalte levision(DTV),q HDMIs upportsstandard,enhanced, orhigh-defini(on video,plusmul(-channeldigitalaudioonasinglecable.SerialPort.D-ShellConnectorq usespinconnectors,q AlsoknownasaCOMport)canbea9-pinFemaleD-shellconnectorq Datatravelsat115kilobitspersecondParallelPort.(D-ShellConnector)q Thislongandslenderportisalsonolongercommonlyused,q Themostcommonparallelporthasholesfor25pins,q Usedforscannersandprintersq AlsocalledprinterportPS/2.DINConnectorsq Mostdesktopcomputershavetwooftheseroundportsforsixpinconnectors,oneforthemouseandoneforthekeyboard.GAMEPORT.D-ShellConnector.A15portpinusedtoconnectgames
15ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
IEEE1394ports-q As erialtechnologydevel opedbyAppleComputersom e(mescalledtheFireWireport.q A6-wirecable/port(4fordata,2forpower)q sp eedsof100,200,40 0,800, and1200Mbps.EthernetPortq ConnectstoanetworkandhighspeedInternet.q Connectnetworkcabletoacomputer.q ThisportresidesonanEthernetCard.q Datatrave lsat10megabitsto10 00 megabitspersecondsd ependingup onthenetworkbandwidth.VGAq Athreerow,q 15-pinfemaleD-shell connectorfornewerVGA,SVGA,XGA,SXGA,orUXGAmonitorsq Connectsmonitortoacompu ter'svideocard.q Similartoserialportc onnecto rbutserialportconnector haspins,i thasholes.ModemPortq ConnectsaPC'smodemtothetelephonenetwork.GamePort.q Connectajoys(cktoaPCq NowreplacedbyUSBSerialPort.MaleD-ShellConnectorq usespinconnectors,q itisnolongercommonlyused,q Itw asu sedfor printers,mice, modemsandavarietyof otherdig ital devices.q Datatravelsat115kilobitspersecond
16ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ArrangementofcomputerComponents/Ports
17ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ComputerSoTware
18ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
WhatisaSoTware?SoTware.
definedfunc(on.AProgramis asequenc eo finstruc(onswri]entosolveapar(cularproblem. TypesofsoTwareq SystemSoTwareØ Thesystems ocwareiscollec(on ofprogramsdesigned to operate,control,an dextendth eprocessingcap abili(esofthecomputeritself. Ø Systemsocwareare generallypreparedbyc omputer manufactures. Ø Systemsocwareservesastheinterfacebetweenhardware andtheend users.e.g. Opera(ngSystem, Compilers,Interpreter,Assemblersetc.19ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Software Types and Categories...
Applica>onSoTware:
q Applica(onsocwareproductsare designedtosa(sfya par(cularneedofapar(cularenvironment. q Applica(onsocwaremayconsistofasingleprogram,suchasa q Itmayalsoconsistofacollec(onofprograms,ocencalledasocwarepackage,whichw orktogethertoaccompli shatask,suchasaspreadsheetpackage.e.g.PayrollSocware,StudentRecordSocware,InventoryManagementSocware,MicrosocOfficeSuiteSocware,AdobePremieresuitesetc.
• U>litySoTware.Allowacomputertoperformtasksthatarenotpartof the opera(ng system,b utares(ll prac(calanduseful.Forexample,au (li tysocwaremi ghtinstructacomputeronhowtocopy(burn)informa(ontoaCD-ROMdisk,oritmightbeanan(-virusprogram
20ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Proprietary Software vs. Open Source Software
Ø Theyarepropri etary,whichmeans
thattheiruse andmodifica(onarerestricted.Ø Theycanbequitecostlytobuylicensesfor.Ø theyarenotadaptabletomeetlocalneeds.Ø Someusers,par(cularlyindevelopingcountries,illegallyuseunlic ensed(alsoknownaspirate)copiesofthissocware.Ø Th isislegallyu nwise,and canalsokeeptheuserfromaccessingimportantsocwareupdates.
Ø Userswhocannotaffor dproprietary socwareorprefersoc warethatcan belocallymodified,canchoosetouseopensource(ocencalledfreeandopensourceorFOSS)socware.Ø Fo rmostofthe standardcompu teruses,anopensour cesoc wareop(onisavailable.E.g.Linuxfami ly ofopera(ngsystems(whichincludesUbuntu,andtheOpenOffice.orgproduc(vityprograms.Ø TheSourceForgewebsite(www.sourceforge.net)isagoodresourceforfindinganddownloadingopensource
programs.21ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ExamplesandtypesofsoTware
22ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Rela>onshipBetweenHardware/SoTware
23ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Rela>onshipbetweenHardwareandSoTware
Hardware and software are mutually dependent on each other. Both of them must work together to make a computer produce a useful output.Software cannot be utilized without supporting hardware. Ha rdware without set of programs to operate upon
cannot be utilized and is useless. To get a par ticular job d one on the computer, relevant software should be loaded into the hardware . i.e. a device driver is needed.Hardware is a one-time expense.
24ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Software development is very expensive and is a continuing expense.Different software applicatio ns can be
loaded on a hardware to run different jobs.A software acts as an interface between the
user and the hardware.If Hardware is the 'hea rt' of a computer
system, then Software is its 'soul'. Both are complimentary to each other.ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance25
Rela>onshipbetweenHardwareandSoTware
Iden>fyingComputerProblems/Issues
26ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
HardwareorSocwareProblem?
27ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
q Werethereanyloudnoisesorsmokewhentheproble mfirstappeared?Theniti sprobablyahardwareproblem,withthemostlikelyculpritbeingtheSMPS(SwitchedModePowerSupply)unit.
Note:Makesureyou reducepossible "external"problemsbeforeproc eeding.Thismeansunpl uganyexternalde vices(suchasharddrives,scannersorprinters),andremoveanyUSBFlashdisk,CDorDVDdisksfromtheirdrives.
28ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
q Isthecomputeren(relydead?Orthescreenblank?Orthescreenshowingapoor/incompletepicture?Thesefaultsareprobablyalsoduetohardwareproblems.
q Doesthecomputerproduceaseriesofbeeps?Thisisa codethatcanbeu sedto dis(nguis hsomehardwareproblems. q Doesthesystem giveanye rrorcodesordes crip(onswhileboo(ng?The secanbeduetohardwareorsoTwareproblems.Takecarefulnoteofallinforma(ongivenintheerrorcode.
29ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
q Doesthecomputer produceerrorinforma>onacerithasbootedoronlywhenyouopenspe cificprograms? TheseerrorcodesareprobablyduetosoTwareproblems.
q Haveanyrec entchanges beenmadeto30ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
q Hasthecomputerbeenexposedtovirusesorothermalware?Thisco uldbeacauseof soTwareproblems.q UsetheDeviceManager.TheDeviceManagerwilllistallofthehardwaredevicesinstalledonaPC.Anydevicewithaproblem willhaveawarningsymbolnexttoit,anddoubleclickingonthatdevicewoul dgivedetailsandsuggeste dremediesfortheproblem.
Warningsymbol
31ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ComputerMaintenance
32ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Computermaintenanceisnecessary...
v Checkharmfulmaterials e.g.dust,vir us,outdatedsoTware,faultyelectrical Power/gadgete.g.cables,sockets,extensionsetc.
v Checkanymalfunc(onsofperipherals.v Propermaintenancehelpstokeepthecomputer runningsmoothlyforyears.33ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ComputerMaintenance...
Thesesteparefortheexperience
andprofessionalsonly!!Cau>on!!!•34ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Computermaintenance
Improvingslowperformance
DustControl.
Ø Dustisveryharmfulforcomputerparts.Ø Excessdustcancausem echanicalfailu res, par(cularlyoncomputercomponen tswithmovingparts.Ø Computersshouldbedusted regularlyby
usingcompressedairmachines.35ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
DiskDefragmenter.Usedtoorganizefi leso ntheharddriveandop(mizefree space, improvingthespeedand performanceofthecomputer.Someapplica(onsmayfailoutrightifthe diskbecomestoofragmented.ScanDisk/CheckNow:Forharddiskfaults,usescandisk/Checknowtoscantheharddiskforfaultsandev enrepair themifpossible.Thisop(onwillchecktheHarddiskforerrors.
36ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ExcessandUnusedFiles.
DiskCleanup:
q Asahardd is kbecomesfu ll,thecomputer 'sperformanceisreduced.q Ittakesmore(metofindandaccessneededfiles.
q Defragmenta(onisnotassuccessfuldue toalackoffree spacetote mporarilymovefi lestowhiletheyarebeingrearranged.
q Therefore,itiswiseforacomputerusernottokeepfilesthatarenolongerneeded.q Filesthatha vebeenstored inauser'sdocumentsfolderthatarenolongerneeded(suchasextra photosorol derversionsofdo cuments) shouldbedeleted.
37ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
38ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Dele>ngBrowsingHistory.
§ Thebrowserstorestherecenthistoryoftheweb
pagesthattheuserhasviewed,§ Thismakeiteas iertofindandloadtheseweb
pagesagain.§ Thebrowser alsostoresothersmallbi tsof
informa(onsuchasdataenteredintoformsandusernamesorpasswordsifau serhasask edawebpageto" rememberme" (althou ghthisisnotagoodideaforsharedcomputers).
§ Thisstoredinforma(oncanbeeasilydeleted.
39ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Startupfolder
theStartupfold er,forcingtheprogram toautoma(callylaunchwhenyoutur nthecomputeronorlogin.Some(mesthisisdesirable,some(mesnot.Eitherw ay,thisprac(cem ayslowyourcomputerdowntovariousd egrees,andwith theprogramrunningallthe(me,mayslowdowntheperformanceofyourcomputer.
q DeletesomeoftheprogramsintheStartupfolder40ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
SoTwareInventory
Oncetheharddiskbecomesfull,acomputer's
performanceisreduced.Toavoidinstallingsocwarethatarenot necessary, systeminventorywillrequireyoukn owingwhatsocwareisnee ded/wantedon yourcomputer.
Note:Pleaseusecau(on whenuninstalli ng
41ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
ProtectyourPCfromcyber-threatsorMalware
Thebestwaystopreventvirusinfec#onsare:
q Keepingan(virussocwareuptodateandrunningscansonaregular basis q Strictpoliciesshouldbeputinplacetopreventvirusinfec(one.g. q Oth erpolicytoco nsideristheprohibi (onof downloading,since q Afirewallmayalsobeusedtoblocksdangerousdownloads.42ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
UPDATINGSOFTWARE
q Itisimportantforacomputerusertofind q Upda(ngsocwarecanbedoneinavariety ofways, Automa>cUpdates,Automa>cAlertsforUpdates,ManualUpda>ng,OfflineUpda>ng.43ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
Overhea>ng
computerperformance. q Inordertocooldownanoverheatedcomputer q Alsocooltheroomwithfansorair-condi(oning.q Alsoverifythatallofthefansinthecomputer casearefunc(oningproperly.Note:Moderncomputershavesafeguardsthat
shutdownthe systemif acomponentis overhea(ng.44ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
InsufficientRAM
ComputerneedsufficientRA Mtoperform
Thisproblemismostlikelyifthecomputeris
ratheroldandhas hadanewer( andmore memorydemanding) opera(ngsysteminstalled.45ComputerHardwareRepairsandMaintenance
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