[PDF] Common Indoor Air Pollutants: Sources & Health Impacts





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WHO Guidelines for indoor air quality : selected pollutants

are common indoor air pollutants in all regions of the world. Despite this public health awareness on indoor air pollution has lagged behind that on 



Indoor Air Quality Requirements in Green Building Certifications

pollutants as well as those for ventilation and indoor air measurement. For certifications with more than one scheme for different types of buildings





INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Worldwide there are four principal classes of indoor pollutants (1)



Common Indoor Air Pollutants: Sources & Health Impacts

Common Indoor Air Pollutants: Sources And Health Impacts. POLLUTANTS FROM NATURAL SOURCES. Pollutant. Major Sources in the Home. Possible Health Impacts.



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Levels of indoor air pollution thus depend on a range of internal and external factors. The different types of air pollutants found indoors are.



Indoor Air Quality in Commercial and Institutional Buildings

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WHO Guidelines for indoor air quality : selected pollutants

are common indoor air pollutants in all regions of the world. Despite this public health awareness on indoor air pollution has lagged behind that on 



Indoor air

ing Group also considered the type magnitude and distribution of the The combined effect of all the biological air contaminants in indoor air.



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Common Indoor Air Pollutants: Sources & Health Impacts

Common Indoor Air Pollutants: Sources And Health Impacts POLLUTANTS FROM NATURAL SOURCES Pollutant Major Sources in the Home Possible Health Impacts Radon – Colorless tasteless and odor-less gas that comes from the radioactive decay of uranium or radium #Earth and rock under buildings #Some earth-derived building materials

  • Indoor Air Pollution and Health

    Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) refers to the air quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants. Understanding and controlling common pollutants indoors can help reduce your risk of indoor health concerns. Health effects from indoor air pollutants may be experienced soon after ...

  • Primary Causes of Indoor Air Problems

    Indoor pollution sources that release gases or particles into the air are the primary cause of indoor air quality problems. Inadequate ventilation can increase indoor pollutant levels by not bringing in enough outdoor air to dilute emissions from indoor sources and by not carrying indoor air pollutants out of the area. High temperature and humidity...

Are there different types of indoor air pollution?

Numerous forms of indoor air pollution are possible in the modern home. Air pollutant levels in the home increase if not enough outdoor air is brought in to dilute emissions from indoor sources and to carry indoor air pollutants out of the home. In addition, high temperature and humidity levels can increase the concentration of some pollutants.

How does indoor air pollution affect a home?

Air pollutant levels in the home increase if not enough outdoor air is brought in to dilute emissions from indoor sources and to carry indoor air pollutants out of the home. In addition, high temperature and humidity levels can increase the concentration of some pollutants. Indoor pollutants can be placed into two groups, biologic and chemical.

What causes air pollution?

Some sources, such as building materials, furnishings and products like air fresheners, can release pollutants more or less continuously. Other sources, related to activities like smoking, cleaning, redecorating or doing hobbies release pollutants intermittently.

What chemicals pollute indoor air?

VOCs that frequently pollute indoor air include toluene, styrene, xylenes, and trichloroethylene. Some of these chemicals may be emitted from aerosol products, dry-cleaned clothing, paints, varnishes, glues, art supplies, cleaners, spot removers, floor waxes, polishes, and air fresheners. The health effects of these chemicals are varied.

IAQ Fact Sheet 2 HF-LRA.161

Common Indoor Air Pollutants: Sources And Health Impacts

POLLUTANTS FROM NATURAL SOURCES

PollutantMajor Sources in the HomePossible Health Impacts

Radon -

Colorless, tasteless, and odor-

less gas that comes from the radioactive decay of uranium or radium.#Earth and rock under buildings #Some earth-derived building materials #Groundwater; well-water from private supplies#No immediate symptoms. #Lung cancer. Causes estimated

20,000 lung-cancer deaths

yearly. Smokers are at higher risk of developing radon- induced lung cancer.

Biological

Contaminants- Molds,

mildews and fungi, bacteria, viruses, dust, mites#House dust #Infected humans or animals #Bedding #Poorly maintained humidifiers, dehumidifiers & air conditioners #Wet or moist surfaces #Carpets and home furnishings#Allergies and asthma #Headaches #Eye, nose and throat irritation #Colds, flu, and pneumonia

POLLUTANTS FROM COMBUSTION (BURNING)

PollutantSourcesHealth Effects

Carbon Monoxide (CO) -

Colorless, odorless gas produced by

incomplete combustion of all carbon fuels.#Heating equipment (furnaces, water heaters, fuel-fired space heaters)-natural gas, kerosene #Wood or coal stoves #Fireplaces #Cook tops and ovens #Charcoal grills #Engines (gasoline, diesel) #Tobacco smoke #Headaches, drowsiness, diz- ziness #Impairment of human respira- tion, vision & brain function- ing, nausea, mental confusion #Symptoms often mistaken for the flu #Very high levels can cause death

Nitrogen Oxides and Sulfur

Dioxide -

Gases formed by incomplete com-

bustion of all carbon fuels.#Same as for carbon monoxide#Damage to respiratory tract and lungs (Nitrogen dioxide) #Irritation of eyes, nose and respiratory (sulfur dioxide)

Educational programs of the Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service serve all people regardless of race, color, age, sex, religion, disability, or national origin.

2POLLUTANTS FROM COMBUSTION (BURNING)

PollutantSourcesHealth Effects

Respirable Suspended

Particulates (RSP) -

Particles small enough to

inhale that come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and levels of toxicity.#Wood-burning stoves, fireplaces #Unvented kerosene space heaters #Gas-fired ranges, furnaces, water heaters #Vacuum cleaning and house dust #Tobacco smoke #Soap powders, pollen, lint, dust, cleaning and cooking sprays #Eye, nose, and throat irritation #Respiratory infections and bronchitis #Emphysema #Lung cancer

Environmental Tobacco

Smoke -

Secondhand smoke exhaled by

smokers, also called side stream smoke.#Cigarettes #Cigars #Pipes#Eye, nose and throat irritation #Respiratory irritation (wheez- ing, coughing) #Bronchitis and pneumonia (particularly in children) #Increased risk of emphysema, lung cancer, and heart disease

Pollutants from Man-Made Sources

PollutantSourcesHealth Effects

Asbestos -

A natural mineral fiber used

in various building materials.

All homes more than about 20

years old are likely to have some asbestos.#Damaged or deteriorating ceiling, wall, and pipe insulation #Vinyl-asbestos floor material #Fireproof gaskets in heat shields, wood stoves, and furnaces #Acoustical materials #Thermal insulation #Exterior siding . #No immediate symptoms #Chest, abdominal and lung cancers and asbestosis #Asbestos can cause lung can- cer, especially among smokers #600 to 1,000 U.S. deaths yearly are asbestos-related-- mostly from workplace expo- sure

Volatile Organic

Chemicals (VOCs) -

Airborne chemicals contained

in many household products#Aerosol sprays, hair sprays, per- fumes, solvents, glues, cleaning agents, fabric softeners, pesti- cides, paints, moth repellents, deodorizers, and other household products #Dry-cleaned clothing #Moth balls #Tobacco smoke#Eye, nose, throat irritation #Headaches #Loss of coordination #Confusion #Damage to liver, kidneys, and brain #Various types of cancer

Pollutants from Man-Made Sources

3PollutantSourcesHealth Effects

Formaldehyde -

Pungent gas released into air.#Pressed wood products (plywood, paneling, particle board) #Urea-formaldhyde foam wall insulation #Carpets, draperies, furniture fabrics #Paper products, glues, adhesives #Some personal care products #Tobacco smoke#Allergic reactions #Eye, nose and throat irritation #Headaches #Nausea, dizziness, coughing #Cancer a possibility #Sensitivity varies widely

Lead -

Natural element once used as

a component in gasoline, house paint, solder and water pipes.#Household dust from lead paint #Lead-based paint #Water from lead or lead-soldered pipes or brass fixtures #Soil near highways/ lead indus- tries #Hobbies such as working with stained glass and target shooting #Lead-glazed ceramic ware #Some folk medicines #Damage to brain, kidneys, and nervous system #Behavioral and learning problems #Slowed growth #Anemia #Hearing loss #Large doses can be fatal

References:

-- Indoor Air Quality and Your Home. New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Albany, NY.

-- Home Indoor Air Quality Assessment. Michael P. Vogel, Ed.D., Extension Housing Specialist, Montana State

University Extension Service.

-- Quick IAQ Facts for the Community Educator. Joseph T. Ponessa, Ph.D., Associate Professor/Housing & Energy

Specialist, Rutgers Cooperative Extension Service, New Jersey.

Linda Adler, M.A.

Extension Specialist for Home Furnishings

University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service.

IAQ FS2

8/2000

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