[PDF] The Different Types of Phrases - Del Mar College





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A Syntactic Analysis on Sentences Found in the English Textbook

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rules for constructing well-formed sentences. There are two types of rules in syntax: phrase structure rule and transformational rules.





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Chapter 6 PHRASES CLAUSES AND SENTENCES - Wiley

The four basic typesof sentences—simple compound complex and compound-complex—use phrases and clauses in varying degrees of complexity The Phrase phraseis any group of related words that unlike a sentence has no subject-predicate combination The words in a phrase act together so thatthe phrase itself functions as a single part of speech



The Different Types of Phrases - Del Mar College

Phrases Phrases 1 The Phrase 1 The Noun Phrase (NP) 2 The Adjective Phrase (AdjP) and Adverb Phrase (AdvP) 2 3 The Verb Phrase (VP) 4 The Prepositional Phrase (PP) 2 Phrases in the Sentence 3 Coordination of Phrases 4 Finding Phrases 5 Building Trees Phrase Structure • A phrase is a syntactic unit headed by a lexical category such as



The Different Types of Phrases - Del Mar College

phrase is a group of related words that does not contain both a subject and verb There are two main types of phrases: prepositional and verbal There are three types of verbal phrases: infinitive participial and gerund



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Our discussion here will treat the five major phrase types in English: 1 Adverb Phrase (AdvP) 2 Prepositional Phrase (PP) 3 Adjective Phrase (AP) 4 Noun Phrase (NP) 5 Verb Phrase (VP) We will discuss each of the five types in a similar way



Searches related to types of phrases in english syntax PDF

Syntactic Categories Phrasal categories: NP VP PP AdjP AdvP Lexical categories: Noun: puppy girl soup happiness pillow Verb: ?nd run sleep realize see want Preposition: up down across into from with Adjective: red big candid lucky large Adverb: again carefully luckily very fairly Functional categories:

What are the two types of phrases?

A phrase is a group of related words that does not contain a subject or a verb. There are two types of phrases. Two Types of Phrases: 1. Prepositional Phrase It begins with a preposition and includes the object, plus any modifiers. prep. obj. Ex : The dog ran across the field ? A prepositional phrase functions as an adjective

What are the 4 types of sentences?

The four basic typesof sentences—ssimple, compound, complex, and compound-complex—use phrases and clauses in varying degrees of complexity. phraseis any group of related words that, unlike a sentence, has no subject-predicate combination. The words in a phrase act together so thatthe phrase itself functions as a single part of speech.

What is a phrase in linguistics?

A phrase is a syntactic unit headed by a lexical category such as Noun, Adjective, Adverb, Verb, or Preposition. Phrases are named for their heads: The new student from Hungary quite happily The Phrase The Noun Phrase (NP) The Adjective Phrase (AdjP) and Adverb Phrase (AdvP) The Verb Phrase (VP) The Prepositional Phrase (PP)

What does syntax mean in a sentence?

“Syntax” refers to the ways words and phrases are arranged to form sentences. The reader must identify an author’s syntax and discuss the relationship it has to the content of the passage. Authors may use: specific patterns of phrases and sentences divisions within a piece with different syntax for each parallel structure

1PhrasesPhrases

1. The Phrase

1. The Noun Phrase (NP)

2. The Adjective Phrase (AdjP) and Adverb Phrase

(AdvP) 2 (AdvP)

3. The Verb Phrase (VP)

4. The Prepositional Phrase (PP)

2. Phrases in the Sentence

3. Coordination of Phrases

4. Finding Phrases

5. Building TreesPhrase Structure

• A phrase is a syntactic unit headed by a lexical category such as Noun, Adjective,

Adverb

, Verb, or Preposition. 3 ,, p • Phrases are named for their heads: •NP •VP •AdjP •AdvP •PPPhrase Structure Rules •... are generative. • ... give different analyses of ttill bi t4 syntactically ambiguous sentences. • ... have a hierarchical structure. • ... allow recursion.Phrases •NP • The new student from Hungary AdjP 5 •AdjP •so beautiful •AdvP • quite happilyPhrases •VP • ate the cake •sat in the yard seemed very quiet 6 seemed very quiet •PP •in the yard • with glasses • under the apple tree •S •They left. • She bit her tongue. 2

Phrase Structure Rules

are Generative • Use a finite set of rules and elements to produce an infinite set of grammatical sentences. E.g., 7 •NP(D) N (PP) •PPP NP (PP) • Routine, family, fishing • The president, a member, the contenders • Time with family, the University of Wisconsin, a budget for the State of Wisconsin

Phrase Structure

and Ambiguity

1. The journalist interviewed the actor in

a tuxedo.

2The journalist interviewed

8

2.The journalist interviewed

NP the actor in a tuxedo].

3. The journalist interviewed

NP the actor] [ PP in a tuxedo].

4. The journalist interviewed

NP the actor [ PP in a tuxedo]].

Phrase Structure Rules are

Hierarchical

• In (3), the VP interviewed the actor in a tuxedois th th f th PP 9 the mother of the PP in a tuxedo • The PP in a tuxedo is the daughter of the VP interviewed the actor.

Phrase Structure Rules are

Hierarchical

• In (4) the N' actor in a tuxedois the mother of the PP in 10 a tuxedo. • The PP in a tuxedo is the daughter of the N' actor in a tuxedo.

Phrase Structure Rules are

Hierarchical

• In (3), the VP is interviewed the actor in a tuxedo. 11 • The V' interviewed the actorand the PP in a tuxedo are sisters.

Phrase Structure Rules are

Hierarchical

• In (4), the NP is the actor in a tuxedo. 12 •The NP actorand the PP in a tuxedo are sisters. 3

Phrase Structure Rules Allow

Recursion

•NP(D) N (PP) 13 •PPP NP (PP)

Phrase Structure Rules Allow

Recursion

•The frogs •The frogs on the log 14 • The frogs on the bump on the log •The frogs on the bump on the log in the pond • The frogs on the bump on the log in the middle of the pond

Phrase Structure Rules Allow

Recursion

•The frogs •The frogs [ PP on the log] 15 •The frogs [ PP on the bump [ PP on the log]] •The frogs [ PP on the bump [ PP on the log [ PP in the pond]]] •The frogs [ PP on the bump [ PP on the log [ PP in the middle [ PP of the pond]]]]

Phrase Structure Rules Allow

Recursion

•S NP VP •VP V S •The jury decided the 16 •The jury decided the defendant was guilty.

Tests for Phrases

Three Tests for Phrases

1. Pronominalization

18

2. Coordination

3. Movement

4

Pronominalization

1. Many people I know like

armadillos.

2My nextdoor neighbors

19

2.My next-door neighbors

keep an armadillo as a pet.

3. The other people on the

street think that my next- door neighbors are weird.

Pronominalization

4. But my next-door

neighbors haven't told the other 20 people on the street about the three-toed sloth asleep in their maple tree.

Pronominalization

1. Many people I know

like armadillos.

2My next-door

21

2.My nextdoor

neighbors keep [ NP an armadillo] as a pet.

3. The other people on

the street think that [ NP my next-door neighbors] are weird.

Pronominalization

4. But [

NP my next- door neighbors] haven't told NP the 22
NP other people on the street] about NP the three-toed sloth asleep in their maple tree].

Three Tests for Phrases

Pronominalization

23

2. Coordination

3. Movement

Coordination

• Coordination is the process by which two words or phrases are connected by a conjunction 24
a conjunction. • Conjunctions: FANBOYS •For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So 5

Coordinated Clauses

• I talked to the mechanic and I took a close look at the car. 25

Coordinated VPs

• I listened to him and kicked the tires. 26

Coordinated NPs

• The car didn't have tail lights or windshield wipers. 27

Coordinated PPs

• The owner hadn't parked it in a garage but on the street. 28

Coordination

• Is this coordination? • The car was in such bad shape that I decided not to buy it. 29

Coordination

• What's wrong with the coordination in this sentence? •In my view Alaska pipeline is not going to 30
•In my view Alaska pipeline is not going to be a solution to the US shortage of oil, because of many things such as high costs, earthquake, and it takes a long time 6

Ambiguous Coordination

• Old men and women 31

Ambiguous Coordination

• Old men and women 32

Ambiguous Coordination

NP NPNP 33
and

ADJ NN

oldmen women

Ambiguous Coordination

NP ADJN' 34
and N oldwomen N women

Three Tests for Phrases

Pronominalization

35

Coordination

3. Movement

Movement

36
7

Movement

• Passive movement • Algernon was driving the Toyota Land Cruiser. 37
• The Toyota Land Cruiser • The Toyota Land Cruiser was being driven • The Toyota Land Cruiser was being driven by Algernon.

Movement

• What are the noun phrases? NP

Algernon] was driving [

NP the Toyota Land

Cruiser]

38

Cruiser].

NP

The Toyota Land Cruiser]

NP

The Toyota Land Cruiser] was being driven

NP

The Toyota Land Cruiser] was being drivenby [

NP

Algernon].

Movement

• Use passive movement to identify the

NPs in these sentences.

39

1. The police arrested Algernon.

2. They charged him with DUI.

3. Tawanda D. Lane will defend him.

4. The judge might suspend Algernon's

license for 12 months.

5. What can you say about his chances?

Movement

• Use passive movement to identify the

NPs in these sentences.

40

1. The policearrested Algernon.

2. They

charged himwith DUI.

3. Tawanda D. Lane

will defend him.

4. The judge

might suspend Algernon's licensefor 12 months.

5. What can you

say about his chances?

Movement

•Particle shift • She looked up [the word] in the dictionary.

She looked [the word]upin the dictionary

41
•She looked [the word] upin the dictionary. • She looked up [the word 'antecedent'] in the dictionary. • She looked [the word 'antecedent'] up in the dictionary.

Movement

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