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Dogrib Divisional Board of Education

Dettah • Rae-Edzo • Rae Lakes • Snare Lake • Wha Ti 1996

A Dogrib Dictionary

© Dogrib Divisional Board of Education 1992, 1996

Published by the Dogrib Divisional Board of

Education, Rae-Edzo, NWT.

All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher.

ISBN 1-896790-00-3

Copies may be ordered from:

Dogrib Divisional Board of Education

Bag 1, Rae-Edzo, NT X0E 0Y0 Canada

telephone (403) 371-3026 facsimile (403) 371-3053 Funding provided by the Secretary of State, Canada under the Cooperation Agreement for French &

Aboriginal Languages in the NWT and the Social

Sciences and Humanities Research Council of

Canada.

To the young people of our communities... and

to their elders. With the strength, energy and enthusiasm of the one and the knowledge, wisdom and values of the other, may we have a generation that is truly “strong like two people".

Preface

Editorial Committee

Introduction ................................................................i How to Use the Dictionary ................................... i The Dogrib Alphabet ........................................... ii Nouns, Verbs & Other Types of Words ............... vi The Dogrib Language and Its Family ................. xv Writing Dene and Dogrib Words ....................... xvi How a Dictionary is Made ................................ xvii

More on Dogrib Spelling:

Orthographic Standardization ...................

xviii Dogrib to English Dictionary ......................................1 English to Dogrib Dictionary ..................................137 The publication of a preliminary edition of the Dogrib

Dictionary in 1992 was an important event for the

Dogrib Divisional Board of Education. The dictionary coincided with the graduation of the rst teachers from the Kw"atindee Bino Community Teacher

Education Program in Rae-Edzo and was intended

as an integral part of the foundation upon which we could build the language and cultural programming in our schools. The distribution of the dictionary kindled an interest in many people in their language which supported the progress of literacy courses in our communities and the writing of Dogrib in our schools. We hope that this enlarged and improved edition of the dictionary will do more of the same. As each year there are fewer elders who speak of the old ways in the old language, it becomes extremely important to document their world view before it is gone altogether. The dictionary is one tool to achieve this end. In the future, it will serve young people by giving them a glimpse into the world of their ancestors and, we can pray that it will continue to be the record of a living language. The publication of this book is not the end of this dictionary project. We hope to continue documenting the Dogrib language, and that this continuing work will lead to the publication of a more comprehensive dictionary in the years to come. Indeed, we currently collect and document the language using a relational database that records a great deal more information than we have been able to include within the constraints of this edition.

This dictionary project would never have been

completed without the work of a number of people. I want to express my profound appreciation for Jacob

Feenstra who began this project on our behalf in

1990 and for Leslie Saxon and Mary Siemens who

continued the work after the preliminary dictionary publication in 1992. They have committed a great deal of their personal time, energy and passion into this project, and the Board of Education is indebted to them.

Appreciation must also be given to the individual

members of the Dogrib Divisional Board of

Education, who, over the past seven years, have

consistently recognized the importance of this work and supported the project. Also, thanks are due to those people outside of our communities who contributed signicantly to the success of the project including Paul Brown and, later, Flemming Andersen of AKTIV Software in Victoria who developed the 4th

Dimension template and completed the formatting

for the nal product.

Finally, I would like to thank the rst and second

generation of Dogrib teachers who have taught our children in their rst language: Mary Adele Flunkie, Lucy Lafferty, George Mackenzie, Phillip Mackenzie,

Gina Maclean and Terri Tsetta who in many ways

started it all with her original noun dictionary, and

Josie Bishop, Shirley Campbell, Verna Crapeau,

Mary Therese

Douglas, Christine Liske, Rosa Mantla,

Cecilia Zoe-Martin, Bella Nitsiza, Eva Nitsiza, Marie

Sabourin, Ernestine Steinwand, Tammy Steinwand

and Celine Whane.

Mahsì cho.

Jim Martin, Director

Dogrib Divisional Board of Education

Leslie Saxon

Department of Linguistics

University of Victoria

Mary Siemens

Teaching & Learning Centre

Dogrib Divisional Board of Education

Alphonse Eronchi

Phillip Huskey

Rosa Huskey

Gabe Lafferty

Lucy Lafferty

Elizabeth Mackenzie

Robert Mackenzie

Jimmy Martin

Elizabeth Quitte

Phillip Rabesca

Vital Thomas

Joe Tobie

Isidore Wellin

Edward Weyallon

Th s book s a rev s on of the prel m nary Dogrib

Dictionary publshed by the Dogrb Dvsonal Board

of Educat on n 1992. Th s book both adds and subtracts words from the 1992 d ct onary. Added are words wh ch were not ced to be m ss ng from the earl er book, and subtracted are words wh ch could not be completely checked for correct spell ng and mean ng. The words n th s book also demonstrate mportant advances n our understand ng of how the Dogr b language s pronounced, espec ally the four k nds of vowels.How to Use the Dictionary

Alphabetical Order

In th s d ct onary the words are l sted n the order of the Dogr b alphabet. S nce Dogr b alphabet, all of the words start ng w th are s the last letter, words wh ch start w th are l sted last.

Dogrb has four vowels (

) and four knds of vowels. W th plain vowels, the ar whch makes the nasal vowels, nose and the mouth. W th low tone plain vowels, mouth. In low tone nasal vowels, the voce s deeper example, w th the vowel we wr te these vowels n the follow ng way: plain vowel nasal vowel low tone plain vowel low tone nasal vowel Pla n vowels are l sted n the alphabet before nasal vowels, and regular tone vowels are l sted before low tone vowels. The words below are shown n the correct order. island grouse this now four four times very

Letter

Dogrib Word English Translation Closest English Sound fisnowshoe the 'clck' sound whch we hear n spruce bough the expression "oh-oh" pants more than me amother father; when a s nasalzed, t s atable smlar to the sound n want lttle person sweater bbbbaby baby bcanvas bI am swmmng bbeans chchran char; some people pronounce ths chcheque sound more lke what we hear n cht s bg wetsut chocean chõchõqull the same as ch, but wth the 'clck' chõaganst me sound as part of t chõI'm angry chõpckerel ddperson dd dhot weather dshe or he s sttng dyour younger sster dldlmouse badly; or sometmes more lke glue dlsqurrel dlwe are laughng dl dzspruce gum adze dzmoon dzcold weather dzbaptsm eÀmud, drt set; when e s nasalzed, t s smlar ehs or her father to the sound n sen

Èyesterday w, t s smlar to wood

yes

The chart below l

sts all of the Dogr b letters and g ves Dogr b words wh ch llustrate the sound of the letters. Also shown s the closest Englsh equvalent to the Dogrb sound. ggrabbt go gbushman gour mother gthey are backpackng ghghfor me no smlar sound n Englsh; smlar ghwe are lookng at t to the r sound n the French rouge ghyour bran "red" ghhe or she s playng cards gwgwguage gwdrzzle gwsandy area gwwarm yourself up hhn ths way hat; n Dogrb ths sound can be hgrandfather pronounced nsde or at the end of a hthey are the same word hI am sngng iiÃtea sk; when s nasalzed, t s smlar

Íeans

it s far

Ãshe or he s pullng t

jjberry jet; some people pronounce ths jhere sound more lke what we hear n jshe or he s scared adze jyou got marred kkfootwear k kwoman pronounced lke x or h kwe wll take them out kt s hot kõkõspder the same as k, but wth the 'clck' kõ kõhe or she s crawlng kõI shot t kwkwrock qut kwcarbou kwcomb kwt s yellow kwõkwõmoss the same as kw, but wth the 'clck' kwõbones sound as part of t kwõrght, correct lltea let lcanoe lno lshe or he s sewng v

¯¯many breathy l; smlar to the lp or

¯together wth each other slp

¯¯cake

mmmet mmass mthank you mhe or she pcked berres mbmbsummer rumble; many people use the b mbmeat sound nstead of mb mbknfe mbdawn; t s gray outsde nnt s good net; sometmes n s contracted wth neat! a vowel to make a nasalzed vowel nour land nthey won ndndmy older brother sandal; many people use the d ndsland sound nstead of nd ndour eyes ndhe tells me a story oosmoke go; some people pronounce ths

·how many? sound more lke goo; when o s

·oeagle nasalzed, t s smlar to the sound

ot s strong n don't

Õt s cold

rrMonday smlar to carry; some people almost rspruce bough never use ths sound and just leave rbarrel t out rthey are black smonth, sun set smy lttle brother spack me around! sdrawers shshmountan short; some people pronounce ths shhe or she s eatng sound more lke what we hear n shharmonca sort sht s growng ttwater ten tyour father tt s expensve tt s broken v tõtõyoung woman the same as t, but wth the 'clck' tõsomethng sound as part of t tõ tõkcker t¯t¯lard settle; or sometmes more lke clue t¯dog t¯dance! t¯rubbers, overshoes t¯rope the same as tfi, but wth the 'clck' t¯lghtnng sound as part of t t¯paper, book t¯under t tststs ts tsgranny tsbeaver tsõtsõhat the same as ts, but wth the 'clck' tsõold woman sound as part of t tsõwe are sppng t tsõwnd wwhs or her father ww wth a followng e wclerk sounds smlar to wood wteabag whe or she worres whwhmarten breathy wh as n wh whshe or he s sleepng wh wth a followng e sounds lke whI vsted you whrr whI want tea xxgoose no smlar sound n Englsh; a raspy xwth us h, smlar to the German ch as n xI am gong to thaw t Bach (the composer) xwnter yyprest yet yhe or she saw t yshe or he s packng t ybowl zzonly zoo zt s black zace (n cards) zt s crooked zhzhthe top of the snow pleasure; some people pronounce zhshadows ths sound more lke what we hear zhhe or she s smart n please zhdown v

Not all words are al

ke. Th s d ct onary conta ns all k nds of Dogr b words: names for th ngs, act v t es, a label n the d ct onary tell ng us the category of a word (noun, verb, postpos t on, adverb, conjunct on). Th s label helps us understand how the word s used. Nouns NOUNS usually refer to thngs or people. Ths type of word, l ke 'language', can change dependng on who the possessor s: my language our language your language you people's language hs or her language ther language

Some other nouns are 'bucket', 'knfe',

'road', 'hde', 'table', 'freezer', 'father', 'mouth'. Verbs

VERBS refer to actons and descrptons. These words

change depend ng on who or what s nvolved n the act on, and the t m ng of the act on. s a verb mean ng 'someone s s ng ng'. Below we see some changes to the word depend ng on who s do ng the s ng ng: she or he s sngng you are sngng (one person) you are sngng (more than one person)quotesdbs_dbs47.pdfusesText_47

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