[PDF] 5G NR LOGICAL ARCHITECTURE AND ITS FUNCTIONAL SPLITS

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Parallel Wireless, Inc. Proprietary5G NR LOGICAL ARCHITECTURE AND ITS FUNCTIONAL SPLITS

Parallel Wireless, Inc. Proprietary5G ENABLERS AND PRINCIPLES2•Modularization-Previous networks: monolithic network functions corresponding to physical network elements-5G networks: modular network functions (NFs) for both control plane (CP) and user plane (UP) for both access network (AN) and core network (CN) •Network Slicing-NFs to provides specific network capabilities for service verticals -Resource abstractions by utilizing software-based NFs•Network Softwarization-"Network programmability" by extending SDN to all control and data layers-In network slices supporting URLLC, virtual NFs deployed closely to the users →reduced latency•Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) -Native support of MEC →reduced E2E latency and increased network efficiencyNovel Concepts That Were Not Envisioned by the Previous Generation Architectures

Parallel Wireless, Inc. Proprietary5G NR RADIO ACCESS NETWORK3•The gNBis responsible for all radio-related functions in one or several cells-RRM and admission control and -Routing of user-plane (UP) data to UPF through N3-Routing control-plane (CP) information to AMF through N2•3GPP considered the split concept (DU and CU) for NR from the beginning•Xninterface connecting gNBsdirectly to support active-mode mobility and DC functionalities-It may also used for multicell RRM functions•Standard Fs interface for connecting gNB-CU and gNB-DU•No specific split proposed by 3GPP -General guidance RRC, SDAP and PDCP reside in gNB-CU and remaining protocol entities (RLC, MAC and PHY) in gNB-DU Basic Architecture

Parallel Wireless, Inc. ProprietaryWHERE DID THE SPLIT CONCEPT START?4It Started with C-RAN

Parallel Wireless, Inc. ProprietaryEVOLUTION TO OPENRAN5•3GPP introduced the DU and CU concept as the evolution path toward vRAN•Introduction of midhaulprovides more flexibility for transport optionsDistributed and Central Units

Parallel Wireless, Inc. Proprietary5G RAN FUNCTIONAL SPLITS 6•Control Plane/User Plane split (Vertical split) -First step for introduction of SDN in the RAN-Allows separate optimization of CP and UP-Consistent CP in multi-vendor networks-More challenges for lower layer splits•Central Unit/Distributed Unit split (Horizontal split) -Obtain centralization gain, both in terms of performance gains and economy of scale-Shift functionalities to deferent locations based on morphologies and transport availabilities-Make overall RAN more future proof and less costly for future generation upgradesNative Support for Various Functional Splits Along Two Dimensions

Parallel Wireless, Inc. ProprietaryHIERARCHICAL RRM 7•Central RRM located at CU coordinate the lower layer functions across multiple DUs•The general functionalities of central RRM are:-Radio resource allocation-Call admission-Call selection-Load balancing-Mobility-Multi-connectivity•MAC dynamic schedular is the most important part of RRM -Dynamic scheduler needs context information for the users under it control to fulfill the user QoS-Variable TTI size scheduling-Punctured/preemptive scheduling5G CU/DU Split and Hierarchical RRM

Parallel Wireless, Inc. ProprietarySPLITS TRADE-OFFS •Not a single split is going to fit all •Different morphologies require different splits•Only a software basedRAN can support dynamic and fluid split options•Control plane splits (vertical) are as important as user plane splits (horizontal) 8

Parallel Wireless, Inc. Proprietary•Open RAN•Virtual Radio Unit vBBU: COTS server to act as a CU/DU •Open RAN Controller: full software based All G SON and orchestrator•Split 7.2 for efficiency and fronthaul scalabilityRRHRRHFronthaulCU/DUvBBURF + Low-PHYHigh-Phy/MACBackhaulOption 7.2 SplitLow-PHY RRHHigh-PHY vRURFPreCoding/Beam FormingIFFT/FFT CP add/removalPDCPRLCMACFEC/FEC1Modulation/DemodulationOpen RAN ControllerOpen RAN ControllerRRCDataPARALLEL WIRELESS SPLIT ARCHITECTURE9Split Architecture for All GsFronthaulRRHCOTS vBBU (DU/CU)RRHDU/CUBackhaulOption 7.2 SplitS1-MMES6aMMEHSSS1-US5/S8SGiInternetS11Aggregator/Controller

Parallel Wireless, Inc. Proprietary

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