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Transport & Logistics sector Morocco

Commissioned by the ministry of Foreign Afairs

BusinessopportunitiesDutchcompanies

in

Transport&LogisticssectorMorocco

Authors:

Mr. Marco Rensma

Mr. Saad Hamoumi

Commissioned by:

Dutch business opportunities Transport & Logistics sector Morocco

About the authors

Mr. Marco Rensma studied Development Economics (MSc) at the Erasmus University Rotterdam (the

Netherlands) and International Relations (MSc) at the University of Amsterdam (the Netherlands). Before

starting his own company MEYS Emerging Markets Research in 2010, Mr. Rensma worked for more than

fifteen years in the public and private sector in the Netherlands, promoting (regional) economic growth and

improving the business environment in the Netherlands. He was -among others -for six years manager and

deputy director at the Chamber of Commerce in Rotterdam during which time he and his team of highly skilled

professionals supported over one hundred business associations and many individual companies on how to

expand their business activities. Besides being owner-director of MEYS, Mr. Rensma is a lecturer at The Hague

University of Applied Sciences (the Netherlands), and coordinator of The Hague University Africa Business

Program. He teaches English BA-courses in international marketing, business-to-business marketing and

qualitative market research. Mr. Saad Hamoumi has a PhD in Economics specialized in Transport and International Relations. Following a research experience in the USA at UC Berkeley, he joined the private sector in Morocco.

Now he brings over 29 years' experience, a good deal of which is devoted to business development of national

and international projects. Mr. Hamoumi launched and developed two major projects in Morocco; one is the

project of International Duty Free shops; 50 shops in 8 international Moroccan Airports, and the other major

project is Oriflamme Cosmetics branch of a multinational company. Oriflamme Cosmetics Morocco was the

first company in direct sales and reached 12,000 distributors in the first year. Mr. Hamoumi works as an

international organizations expert for USAID, EU, Word Bank, and is also deeply knowledgeable of the SMBs

and SMEs market in Morocco, the associative world and various economic sectors specific characteristics. Mr.

Hamoumi is Chairman of the Dutch-Moroccan business council, active within Morocco's national employer

organization CGEM including Chairman of CGEM's SME Commission.

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Dutch business opportunities Transport & Logistics sector Morocco

Foreword

Although the Kingdom of Morocco is only 14 km away from mainland Europe, doing business in the Kingdom

demands a total different approach. Dutch companies are used to do business within a specific timeframe,

based on formal contracts between buyer and supplier, and using the latest IT-technologies for business

communication. In Morocco business is done more on informal and personal (face-to-face) contacts, in which

you take time to learn and understand each other better, and therefore place more emphasis on inter-personal

trust than on formal contracts. For Dutch companies to become successful in Morocco it is therefore necessary

to adapt to the local business culture, thereby connecting to local businessmen to get things done and take

time to learn and understand the country.

We would like to thank all Dutch companies and business associations who participated in the interviews for

this market research. Their viewpoints on doing business in Morocco provided us with very valuable insight

information on how Dutch companies can operate successfully in Morocco. Also, we would like to thank the

representatives of AMDL for their view on Dutch business opportunities in Morocco's transport and logistics

sector.

Mr. Marco Rensma

Mr. Saad Haamoumi

Barendrecht (the Netherlands)

Casablanca (Morocco)

March 2018

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Dutch business opportunities Transport & Logistics sector Morocco

Executive Summary

The Royal Dutch embassy in Rabat and Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland (RVO) wanted to gain a better insight in

the business opportunities for Dutch companies in the Transport and Logistics sector in Morocco1 by bringing together the

needs and opportunities in Morocco on the one hand and Dutch solutions and technologies on the other hand.

her geostrategic location offers the country a competitive advantage compared to other countries in northern Africa.

Foreign direct investments in Morocco are among the highest levels in Africa, providing almost two-hundred thousand

qualified jobs. The focus of the foreign investments are in real estate, manufacturing industry and tourism. Especially during

the last fifteen years the objective of the Moroccan government was to develop more high-end productive investment

projects resulting in the creation of free zones for companies active in the automotive and aeronautics industry. Foreign

direct investments in the transport and logistics sector in Morocco are with less than three percent in total foreign direct

investments relatively limited.

Main foreign investors are coming from Spain, France, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and the USA. With a share of 4.5

percent in total foreign direct investments inflows in Morocco in 2016, the volume of Dutch foreign investments is among

the Top10 in Morocco. This position of the Netherlands is mainly due to several large Dutch companies active in Morocco

like DAF, Philips, Unilever, and APM Terminals. Compared to other African countries in which Dutch companies are active,

Morocco receives relatively low levels of Dutch foreign direct investments. Of the 40 African countries which received Dutch

foreign direct investments in 2016, Morocco ranked number 17 which is below the level of the other North African countries

Libya (nr. 6) and Tunisia (nr. 14). In Algeria Dutch companies withdrew their investment resulting in a negative level of FDI

stock.

The geostrategic location of Morocco within Africa and the Mediterranean, the signing of free trade arrangements withthe

EU, USA, Turkey, together with a rise in income per capita, has resulted in increased volumes of international trade during

the past fifteen years. The vast majority of Morocco'sforeigntrade (98 percent) comes by sea making it crucial for further

economic growth to investinthecountry's35 commercial ports. Since 2008 the Moroccan government invested on average

per year 3.0 -4.0 billion dirhams in expanding and modernizing its seaports and will continue to do so in the period up to

2030. This include investments in upgrading the shipbuilding industry and expanding and modernizing the fishing industry.

These multi-billioninvestmentsinMorocco'smaritimesectorprovides strong business opportunities for Dutch companies.

have shown strong growth rates as well. Large public investments in the country'sphysical infrastructure in recent years,

have contributed to the expansion of domestic transport and logistics. The construction of 1800 km of new expressways,

expansion of the rail network, and the development of logistic and industrial zones led to a sharp rise in the number of

companies active in transport and logistics. Currently Morocco'stransportandlogisticssectorcontributesaboutfour

percent to GDP and provides jobs to one million people. At the same time further growth in the transport and logistics

sector is hampered by a large informal (unregulated) system. About half of the companies active in road freight transport are

active in this informal system. A vast majority of these companies are very small, having only 1-2 (old) trucks, providing

services below cost price thereby underpinning the efficiency of the whole road freight transport sector. The Moroccan

business association for the transport and logistics sector AMDL is aware of this situation and make it one of her top

priorities in the next few years. In addition, AMDL has set priorities to the enhancement of logistic skills, optimization of

1 The Western Sahara is listed as a non-self-governing territory under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations. Any reference in

this report to (the cities in) the Western Sahara should be read in this context. For more information:

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Dutch business opportunities Transport & Logistics sector Morocco

logisticflowsandthestrengtheningofthesector'sgovernanceas well to improve the overall (inter)national competitiveness

of Morocco'stransportandlogisticssector.

ForDutchtransportandlogisticscompaniesMorocco'sstrongmacro-economic developments, large public investments in

the transport and logistics sector, and improvements in the regulatory framework of the country offers interesting business

opportunities. In the maritime sector business opportunities can be found in the fishing industry, inland dredging of water

reservoirs, supportingMorocco'snationalshipbuildingstrategy,andinprovidingassistancetoenhancetheefficiency of

Morocco'scustom;inroadfreighttransportDutch business opportunities are in urban logistics, innovative transport

solutions, training of Moroccan professionals and support in improving the regulatory framework, professionalizing

road carriers (quality management, certification), implementing road security systems (including security of

truck centers and logistics zones), and promoting supply chain security; in air transport providing knowledge and

expertise to Moroccan counterparts in airside operations, design/consultancy, material/passenger handling

systems, safety and security, terminal interiors, construction, and training to engineers on maintenance, repair

and overhaul; in rail freight transport providing knowledge and expertise from Dutch companies and business associations

on intermodal and multimodal rail freight transport, and investigate possibilities of new rail freight transport systems; in

logistics business Dutch business opportunities are in cold chain logistics, the construction of cold storage facilities at

Morocco's commercial ports and logistics zones, cooperation between Dutch and Moroccan educational

organizations on providing vocational training and/or educational programs on logistic skills enhancement, and

exchange of knowledge on improving logistics in among others sustainability, regulatory framework, and

certification/labelling.

To be able to carry out the abovementioned activities successfully, it is important to expand the facilities for

supporting Dutch companies in Morocco by setting up a dedicated economic support organisation in Morocco

that assist Dutch transport and logistics companies in doing business in the Kingdom, organize regularly

workshops, seminars, or business events in the Netherlands about market developments and business

opportunities in the transport and logistics sector in Morocco, and creating a specific Dutch financial

instrument that support Dutch SMEs from the transport and logistics sector in the need of small loans to do

business in Morocco.

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Dutch business opportunities Transport & Logistics sector Morocco Index

1. Introduction 7

1.1 Context 7

1.1.1 Country profile 7

1.1.2 Foreign companies 9

1.2 Objective 9

1.3 Guide for the reader 10

2. Moroccan Business Climate 11

2.1 Political environment 11

2.2 Economic developments 12

2.3 Foreign trade and Foreign Direct Investments 15

2.4 Trade and foreign investments regulations 18

2.4.1 Laws and Regulation 18

2.4.2 Free Trade Agreements 20

2.4.3 Tax System 21

2.4.4 Investment Incentives 23

2.5 Business environment 24

2.5.1 Introduction 24

2.5.2 Starting a business 28

3. Trends and Developments Transport and Logistics Morocco 31

3.1 Main developments in Transport and Logistics Morocco 31

3.2 Maritime transport 32

3.2.1 Introduction 32

3.2.2 Maritime companies 36

3.2.3 Sea ports 38

3.2.4 Modal split 38

3.2.5 Public investments in Maritime sector 44

3.3 Road freight transport 48

3.3.1 Introduction 48

3.3.2 Developments in Road freight transport 48

3.4 Air transport 53

3.4.1 Introduction 53

3.4.2 Public investments 2012 -2016 54

3.4.3 National Aviation Strategy 'Ajwae 2035'55

3.5 Rail freight transport 59

3.5.1 Introduction 59

3.5.2 Developments in Rail freight transport 59

3.5.3 Multimodal freight transport 59

3.6 Logistics sector 60

3.6.1 Introduction 60

3.6.2 National Logistics Strategy 64

3.6.3 Current situation National Logistics Strategy 64

3.6.4 Major actors in Logistics 74

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Dutch business opportunities Transport & Logistics sector Morocco

3.6.5 Cold chain logistics 78

3.7 Financial instruments 80

3.7.1 Introduction 80

3.7.2 Moroccan financial institutes 80

3.7.3 International financial institutes 81

3.7.4 Dutch financial instruments for Morocco 81

3.7.5 Informal investments 83

4. Institutional context Morocco 85

4.1 Introduction 85

4.2 Institutional reforms 85

4.3 Regulatory reforms 86

4.3.1 Introduction 86

4.3.2 Roads and Road transport 86

4.3.3 Railways and Rail transport 87

4.3.4 Ports and Maritime transport 87

4.3.5 Airports and Air transport 88

4.3.6 Logistics sector 90

5. Safety and Security 92

5.1 Road transport 92

5.2 Rail transport 93

5.3 Maritime transport 93

5.4 Airports and Air transport 93

6. Business opportunities Dutch Transport and Logistics sector 94

6.1 Introduction 94

6.2 Dutch Transport and Logistics companies in Morocco 96

6.3 Strategic choices 97

6.3.1 Maritime sector 99

6.3.2 Road freight transport 101

6.3.3 Air transport 103

6.3.4 Rail freight transport 105

6.3.5 Logistics 107

7. Conclusions 109

Bibliography 111

Annexes 114

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Dutch business opportunities Transport & Logistics sector Morocco

1. Introduction

1.1 Context

1.1.1 Country profile

Part of the westernmost region of North Africa, Morocco2 is also known as 'Al Maghreb'in Arabic, literally

meaning 'the West'.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Area 446,550 Km2

Institutional system Constitutional monarchy

Capital Rabat

Economic Capital Casablanca

Climate Mediterranean

Time Zone GMT (GMT+1 in summer)

Official language Arab

Languages commonly used French, Spanish

DEMOGRAPHY

Population 34.5 million inhabitants

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