[PDF] The apacite package: Citation and reference list with LaTeX and

View - Download The apacite package: Citation and reference list with LaTeX and

Previous PDF

Next PDF

Theapacitepackage

Citation and reference list with L

ATEX and BibTEX according to the

rules of the American Psychological Association

Erik Meijer

apacite at gmail.com

2013/07/21

Abstract

This document describes and tests theapacitepackage [2013/07/21]. This is a package that can be used with L

ATEX and BibTEX to generate citations

and a reference list, formatted according to the rules of the American Psy- chological Association. Furthermore,apacitecontains an option to (almost) automatically generate an author index as well. The package can be cus- tomized in many ways. This document describesapaciteversion v6.03 dated 2013/07/21. 1

Contents

1 Introduction 3

2 Installation, package loading, and running BibT

EX 5

3 Package options 7

4 The citation commands 10

4.1 The \classic"apacitecitation commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.2 Usingnatbibfor citations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

5 Contents of the bibliography database le 16

5.1 Types of references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5.2 Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

5.3 Overriding the default sorting orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

6 Customization 32

6.1 Punctuation and small formatting issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6.2 Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

6.3 More drastic formatting changes to the reference list . . . . . . . . 40

7 Language support 42

7.1 Language-specic issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

7.2 Setting up MiKTEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

8 Compatibility 45

8.1natbib. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

8.2hyperref,backref, andurl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

8.3 Multiple bibliographies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

8.4bibentry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

8.5 Programs for conversion to html, rtf, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

9 Generating an author index 52

10 Annotated bibliographies 56

11 Auxiliary, ad hoc, and experimental commands inapacdoc.sty56

12 Known problems and todo-list 61

13 Examples of the APA manual 63

References 89

Author Index 100

2

1 Introduction

The American Psychological Association (APA) is very strict about the style in which manuscripts submitted to its journals are written and formatted. The re- quirements of the APA are described in thePublication Manual of the American Psychological Association, the latest version of which is the 6th edition (American Psychological Association [APA], 2009). In the sequel, this is simply called the

APA manual.

The APA manual discusses how candidate authors should write their manuscripts: writing style, parts of a manuscript and their order, presentation of the results in the form of tables and gures, and so forth. Candidate authors should study this and adhere to this. The APA manual also gives specic rules about the formatting of a manuscript. This includes double spacing, a running head, the typographic style of section headings, the placement of tables and gures on separate pages at the end of the document, and so forth. L ATEX users will recognize these as \style" elements that should be dened in a package (.style) or class (.clsle). Their specic documents (.texle) should be largely style-independent. This idea of separating content and logical structure from specic formatting is one of the basic elements of L

ATEX (Lamport, 1994, p. 7).

An implementation of the formatting rules of the APA manual for use with L ATEX is theapa6class by Brian Beitzel, which is a continuation of the earlierapa class by Athanassios Protopapas. This handles all kinds of issues about general document formatting, title page, section headings, gures and tables, and so forth. Therefore, if you intend to submit a manuscript to an APA journal, I strongly recommend using theapa6class. An important part of the APA style is the way citations and the reference list should be formatted. This takes 56 pages in the APA manual (pp. 169{224). This part is not handled by theapa6class, but by theapacitepackage.apacitecan be used withoutapa6. The current document, for example, does not use theapa6 class, because I nd it desirable that possible users can study theapacitepackage and its documentation without having to install several other classes and packages rst. Therefore, the current document uses standard L

ATEX as much as possible.

(Theapaclass used to require theapacitepackage, but this was dropped because there is now also thebiblatex-apacitation package as an alternative toapacite.)

Philosophy ofapacite

The rst priority ofapaciteis to implement the rules of the APA manual with regard to citation and reference list as closely as possible. However, just like its predecessors (culminating in Young U. Ryu'stheapapackage), and actually ex- panding much beyond their realm,apaciteoers many possibilities for customiza- tion as well. Many details ofapacite, particularly punctuation and some xed texts (e.g., \Tech. Rep.") can be changed easily by the user by redening some commands in L ATEX. Furthermore,apacitealso oers several proper options to change some of its settings. Whether certain options or customizable aspects are implemented depends on two criteria: (1) Is it possible, easy (enough), and convenient to implement 3 them without compromising the ability to adhere to the APA rules, and (2) Do I (EM) consider them important or useful enough to spend time to implement them. Actually, the decision process is the reverse of this: First, I decide whether I nd it a relevant or useful option. If not, I will not implement it. If so, I will think about if and how I can implement it. If I have an idea for a solution that is practically feasible, I will pursue it. If I don't see a solution, if I think it will take me too much time, or if I think a solution will be inconvenient to other users, then I will not pursue it.

New in this version

Changes with respect to the previous version (v6.02, [2013/07/04]): Thesis formatting (@phdthesis,@mastersthesis) rewritten in order to con- form to the 6th edition of the APA Manual. Added the\APACaddressSchooland\APACtypeAddressSchoolcommands to facilitate customization of the formatting of theses.

Added the\APACredefineOncecommand toapacdoc.sty.

Added examples 31{44 from the APA manual toapacxmpl.texand apa5ex.bib.

Improved source code documentation in the.dtxle.

Some minor changes and bug xes.

About this document

The current document describes how to useapaciteand largely assumes knowl- edge of or access to the standard BibTEX documentation, such as Patashnik (1988), Kopka and Daly (2004, Chapter 12), or Mittelbach and Goossens (2004, Chap- ters 12 and 13). Hence, this document does not always describe how to use some of the citation commands or how to construct a bibliography database le in detail if there is noapacite-specic element to it. This document comes in two versions. The version supplied with the distribution is the user's manual. As is customary with packages that are distributed in.dtxform, it is also possible to regenerate the user's manual in such a way that it includes the documented source code of the package as well. This is currently still in a primitive form compared to other pack- ages, but it will be improved with later releases. TheREADMEle describes how the documented source code can be included in this manual. Meijer (2007) contains some simple examples in whichapaciteis compared to standard LATEX/BibTEX citation, as well as a description of howapaciteworks technically. Note that this manual is not completely up to date.This is primarily the case for the specic discussion of the examples in section 13, which focus on the 5th edition of the APA manual, but there may be some obsolete discussions or omissions elsewhere in the document as well. 4

2 Installation, package loading, and running BibT

EX apaciteis distributed as a.dtxle, like most LATEX packages. The le apacite.dtxis supplemented by aREADMEle, which gives a brief introduction and installation instructions, the user's manual in the leapacite.pdf(which you are reading right now), and the installation leapacite.ins. Strictly speaking, only theapacite.dtxle is necessary, because the installation le is regener- ated from it if it is not available, and the user's manual is generated by running L ATEX onapacite.dtx. But it is customary (and convenient for potential users) to include the other les as well. The L ATEX packages, BibTEX style les, and other les in the distribution are generated by running L ATEX onapacite.ins. This generates the following les: apacite.styThe LATEX citation package. This must be placed in a directory where TEX can nd it. apacite.bstThe BibTEX reference list style. This must be placed in a directory where BibTEX can nd it. apacitex.bstThe BibTEX reference list style with added author index support. This must also be placed in a directory where BibTEX can nd it. apacann.bst apacannx.bstVersions ofapacite.bstandapacitex.bstthat generate anno- tated bibliographies (if theannoteand/orannotateelds are provided). Again, these must be placed in a directory where BibTEX can nd it. Most probably, some time in the future, the four.bstles will be combined in apacite.bst, with the desired behavior induced by options, but this is non- trivial and currently not implemented yet. apacxmpl.texLATEX le that (with the bibliography database) implements the examples from the APA manual. This can best be kept in the same directory asapacite.dtx. apa5ex.bibThe le with bibliographic information of the examples from the APA manual, this user's manual. This is useful for users to nd out how certain nontrivial problems can be solved. This can best be kept in the same directory asapacite.dtx. apacite.drvDocumentation driver. Run LATEX on this le to regenerate the user's manual. This is the current document, and can also be ontained by running L ATEX onapacite.dtx, but you can edit the leapacite.drvto change some settings, e.g., choose whether or not the documented source code must be included in the manual or not. Please don't editapacite.dtx itself. The leapacite.drvcan best be kept in the same directory as apacite.dtx. *.apcLanguage-specic modications ofapacite. See section 7 for a discussion of these. These must be placed in a directory where L

ATEX can nd them. The

les that are currently supplied areenglish.apc,dutch.apc,finnish.apc, 5 andswedish.apc. apacdoc.styA LATEX package that contains commands and settings used in this user's manual. This can be placed in a directory where TEX can nd it, but given that it is primarily useful for processing the user's manual and not intended as a package for wider usage, it can also be left in the same directory asapacite.dtx. See section 11 for a further discussion of this package.

Theapacite.styLATEX package is loaded by putting

\usepackage[hoptionsi]fapaciteg somewhere in your document between\documentclassand\begin{document}, or putting \RequirePackage[hoptionsi]fapaciteg in your own personal L ATEX package (say,mysettings.sty) that is loaded by your document. To load theapacite.bstorapacitex.bstbibliography style in BibTEX, put \bibliographystyle{apacite} (orapacitex,apacann, orapacannx) in your document before the\bibliography command. The position of the bibliography (reference list) is determined by the line \bibliographyfhbiblesig wherehbiblesiis a list of lenames with.bibextension, which contain the biblio- graphic information that is used by BibTEX to construct the reference list. Usually, the\bibliographystyleand\bibliographyare kept together (immediately fol- low each other) in the document, although when you are using theapa6document class withapacitesupport, the\bibliographystyleis dened by the class and you are not supposed to use the\bibliographystylecommand yourself. See the documentation of theapa6documentclass for details about this. If you use one of the author indexing options, the author index is put in the L

ATEX output by the line

\printindex[autx] If you put this line in your document, but don't use one of the author indexing options, it will be ignored. For more on author indexing, see section 9. To get all parts in the nal output, the following sequence of runs should typically be taken (when starting from scratch): (1) L

ATEX, (2) BibTEX, (3) LATEX,

(4) L ATEX, and, when author indexing is on, (5)MakeIndex, (6) LATEX, and (7) L ATEX. The last one is to get the index in the table of contents. If the table of contents is on a regular page, i.e., an arabic-numbered page instead of a roman- numbered page in the front matter, it may even be necessary to runMakeIndex another time, followed by L ATEX once or twice. Occasionally, somewhere in the 6 process, L ATEX may complain about labels that may have changed, which requires even more additional L ATEX runs at that stage. So the number of runs that are necessary to get everything right may become large.

3 Package options

The following options are recognized byapacite:

apaciteclassic natbibapa nocitation These three option determine which citation commands are dened in apacite.apaciteclassicdenes the \classic"apacitecitation commands \cite,\citeA,\citeNP, and so forth, which use angled bracket syntax for prenotes, for example,\cite[for more details]{ex1}. These are the commands described in section 4 below. This is the default in the cur- rent version, but this may change in the future. natbibapaloads thenatbibpackage for the citation commands. These com- mands, such as\citetand\citep, use double square brackets, for example, \citep[see][for more details]{ex1}. Because these commands are not dened byapacitebut bynatbib, they are not documented in this manual. See thenatbibdocumentation for their usage. Usingnatbibhas a few advan- tages over using the classicapacitecommands: (i) the citation commands are robust, which means they can be used inside other commands, such as \caption, whereas theapacitecommands, like the traditional LATEX\cite command, are fragile and must be\protected when used inside other com- mands; (ii) the angled brackets do not normally occur in text mode and when they do, they have special meaning; this may lead to incompatibilities; (iii)natbibsupports sorting citations within a citation command, and has commands such as\Citetthat capitalize the rst letter of a citation; the classicapacitecommands lack this functionality; (iv) it is easier to switch to other styles, even to numbered styles. When thenocitationoption is requested, no citation commands (except for\nocitemeta) are dened inapacite. This may be useful if you want to use another citation package and want to avoid potential compatibility con icts. The optionnatbibapais dierent fromnocitationcombined with load- ing ofnatbibby the user, becausenatbibapamodiesnatbib's andapacite's behavior in a way that better satises the APA rules and xes some com- patibility problems. BCAY This is a technical option for backwards compatibility with old versions (pre- [2003/09/05]) ofapacite. In those versions ofapacite, the\BCAYconstruction was used to pass relevant citation information from the.bblle (BibTEX's 7 output) to L ATEX. This was taken over from its immediate predecessor, Young U. Ryu'stheapa. However,natbibdoes not recognize the\BCAY construction, but it does recognize the analogous\citeauthoryearcon- struction, which was also used by an earlier predecessor ofapacite,newapa. Therefore,apacitehas reverted to\citeauthoryearas well. This makes dierent versions ofapaciteincompatible with each other, because it is not possible to support both constructions at the same time. This option is used to x that: In the (unlikely) event that youmustuse a.bblle that is generated by an old version ofapacite, you can turn this option on. mask unmask Many journals use a double blind refereeing process. To conceal the author's identity in such a masked review, it may be necessary to suppress some citations, for example, to the working paper version of the manuscript under review.apa6introduced masked citation commands, which are now included inapaciteas well. These work as ordinary citations when themaskoption is not requested (or when theunmaskoption is chosen, which is the default) and print a message mentioning suppression of citations whenapaciteis loaded with themaskoption. index indexpackage noindexpackage Theindexoption turns author indexing on. See section 9 for a discussion of the author indexing facility. Theindexoption should be used with the apacitex.bst(orapacannx.bst) BibTEX style, although it does not give errors withapacite.bst(orapacann.bst), but simply does not give author index entries, so then this option typically does not have any eect (and an undesirable eect if it does). Theindexpackageandnoindexpackage select whether the author index entries should be generated according to the method of theindexpackage or using a more standard-LATEX method. By default, if theindexoption is requested, theindexpackageoption is turned on as well, consistent with the behavior of previous versions ofapacite. noindex Turns author indexing o (the default). Typically used withapacite.bst, but can also be used withapacitex.bst. In the latter case, the author indexing commands are simply ignored. Therefore,apacite.bstis ac- tually super uous, but because author indexing will be used rarely and apacitex.bstis more likely to lead to errors or incompatibilities, a \clean" (no author indexing) version,apacite.bst, is provided as well. suppresscorporate Excludes corporate authors from the author index. The\bibcorporate command must be used in the.bible to denote a corporate author; see sections 5.2, 6.2, and 9. 8 includecorporate Includes corporate authors in the author index, provided that an author index is requested of course. stdindex tocindex emindex ltxemindex These options select the style of index formatting. They all imply theindex option. The rst three of these imply theindexpackageoption, whereas the fourth impliesnoindexpackage. See section 9. numberedbib This option implies that the bibliography (reference list) is a numbered sec- tion or chapter, e.g., \6. References", instead of just \References". unnumberedbib The reverse ofnumberedbib: The bibliography is an unnumbered section or chapter. This is the default. However, it is possible that when using theapa document class, thennumberedbibworks better, because that class turns section numbering o anyway and it may be thatapa's page headings work well if the reference list is a\sectionand not if it is a\section*. I have not experimented with this (yet), however. sectionbib With this option, the bibliography is a section and not a chapter. Mainly useful in combination with thechapterbibpackage. Therefore, it will be discussed in more detail in section 8.3. nosectionbib With this option, the bibliography is a chapter, if the\chaptercommand is dened. Otherwise, it is always a section. Again, see section 8.3. tocbib This puts the bibliography in the table of contents, even if it is unnumbered, provided of course that a table of contents is requested in the document (by \tableofcontents). This is the default. notocbib This does not put the bibliography in the table of contents if it is an un- numbered section or chapter. If it's numbered, it is always in the table of contents. bibnewpage The bibliography is started on a new page. This is required by some journal styles, including the APA manual. Theapaclass already contained this in itsmanoption, but now it has been made available directly inapacite. 9 nobibnewpage The bibliography is not explicitly started on a new page, although if the bibliography is a chapter, it will be started on a new page anyway, because chapters are started on a new page. This is the default inapaciteand thus is the only time a non-APA setting is used as default instead of an available APA setting. Therefore, to satisfy the APA rules, you have to request the bibnewpageoption explicitly. doi Includes doi information in the reference list; the default. nodoi

Suppresses doi information in the reference list.

4 The citation commands

This section describes the commands that can be used to cite a work. Section 4.1 describes the commands available with theapaciteclassicoption selected. Sec- tion 4.2 is devoted to the citation commands with thenatbibapacommand se- lected. Apart from dierences in syntax, there are a few important dierences between these sets of commands: Theapaciteclassiccommands arefragile, like the standard LATEX\cite command. This means that they cannot be used in other commands, like \caption, unless they are protected by putting\protectbefore them, for example, \caption{Theoretical constructs from \protect\citeA{Jones01}} In contrast, thenatbib/natbibapacommands arerobust, so they can be used in other commands without the need for\protect. The use of the angled brackets (`<' and `>') in theapaciteclassiccom- mands sometimes causes compatibility problems, for example, with certain options of thebabelpackage, such asspanish. With thesortoption,natbibsorts citations within the same citation com- mand in the same order as in the reference list, as required by the APA manual (p. 178). Therefore, whenapaciteis loaded with thenatbibapaop- tion, it loadsnatbibwith thesortoption. Sorting is not implemented in the apaciteclassiccommands, and thus the user will need to manually order the citations alphabetically. natbibprovides a set of commands (e.g.,\Citet) that capitalize the rst let- ter of a citation. This can be used when a citation, of which the rst author's name starts with a lowercase letter, starts a sentence (APA manual, p. 101). This behavior would be very hard to reproduce with theapaciteclassic commands. 10 Table 1: Examples of usage of basic citation commands.

Command Result

\cite[p.~11]{Jone01,Ross87}(e.g., Jones, 2001; Ross, 1987, p. 11) \citeA[p.~11]{Jone01,Ross87}e.g., Jones (2001); Ross (1987, p. 11) \citeauthor[p.~11]{Jone01,Ross87}e.g., Jones; Ross, p. 11 \citeyear[p.~11]{Jone01,Ross87}(e.g., 2001; 1987, p. 11) \citeyearNP[p.~11]{Jone01,Ross87}e.g., 2001; 1987, p. 11

\citeNP[p.~11]{Jone01,Ross87}e.g., Jones, 2001; Ross, 1987, p. 11Overall, I believe that thenatbibapaoption will be preferred by most users, and

I expect that I will make this the default in a future release ofapacite. However, because most users ofapacitewill still be working on documents that use the apaciteclassiccommands, this is still the default in the current version.

4.1 The \classic"apacitecitation commands

This section describes the default behavior of the citation commands that are avilable with theapaciteclassicoption. In section 6, customization of this behavior will be discussed. Extensive examples are given in section 13 and the new examples le described there. Table 1 gives a brief impression of the usage and results of the most common citation commands. Structure of the citation commands; parenthetical citations

The traditional L

ATEX citation command is\cite, andapacitereimplements this\cite command. This command is used forparentheticalcitations. For example, \\cite{Jone01}" results in \(Jones, 2001)". Here,Jone01is thekeythat identi- es the reference; it is dened in the.bible, see section 5. An optional postx| text that follows the actual citation|can be added as a standard L

ATEX optional

argument in square brackets: \\cite[p.~11]{Jone01}" results in \(Jones, 2001, p. 11)". Similarly, an optional prex can be added between angled brackets: \\cite{Jone01}" results in \(e.g., Jones, 2001)". Finally, there can be both a prex and a postx (in that order): \\cite[p.~11]{Jone01}" re- sults in \(e.g., Jones, 2001, p. 11)". As usual, multiple references can be included within the same citation: \\cite[p.~11]{Jone01, Ross87}" results in (e.g., Jones, 2001; Ross, 1987, p. 11). The citation keys of multiple citations must be separated by commas, with optional spaces after the commas. By default,apacitefollows the APA rules and includes the citation in round parentheses, separates the author and year by a comma, the dierent references by a semicolon, and the year and the postx by a comma, but this can all be changed by the user; see section 6. apacitedenes a large number of alternative citation commands, but they all have this same structure:\command[hpostxi]fhkeysig. However, the prex, and to a lesser extent the postx, are most useful with the parenthetical citation commands. 11 Text citations; splitting author and year; no parentheses The\citeAcommand produces text citations: \\citeA{Jone01}" results in\citeA \Jones (2001)" and. \\citeA[p.~11]{Jone01}" results in \Jones (2001, p. 11)".quotesdbs_dbs21.pdfusesText_27

[PDF] bicarbonate de sodium alimentaire danger

[PDF] bicarbonate de sodium cvs

[PDF] bicarbonate de sodium en anglais

[PDF] bicarbonate de sodium in english

[PDF] bicarbonate de sodium ou soude

[PDF] bicarbonate de sodium utilisation

[PDF] bicycle network san francisco

[PDF] bicycle trails san francisco bay area

[PDF] big accolade latex

[PDF] big car race in france

[PDF] big cat attacks statistics

[PDF] big cat incidents

[PDF] big cat rescue carole baskin

[PDF] big cat rescue deaths

[PDF] big cat rescue entertainment