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The Case of Chile

First published 2019

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The Case of Chile

Lysette Henriquez Amestoy

E ization of the informal econ- omy have accelerated across the globe after the historic adoption of International La- bour Organization (ILO) Recommenda- tion 204 Concerning the Transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy in

2015. With the launch of the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDG), there is grow-

ing interest world-wide to support more than 60 per cent of the world's workforce operating in the informal economy through the transition to formality. e notion that economic growth, while a necessary condi- tion, is insuficient to reduce informality is widespread in the debates of post-global - nancial crisis, and most recently in the con- text of the fourth industrial revolution. the transition to formality. e notion that eco- nomic growth, while a necessary condition, is insuficient to reduce informality is wide- spread in the debates of post-global nancial crisis, and most recently in the context of the fourth industrial revolution.

Several countries, especially in Latin Amer-

ica, have made signicant progress in re- ducing informality among small enterprises and their workers through a multi-facetted policy mix, providing incentives and infor- mation, whilst reducing administrative red tape. In 2014, the ILO's Programme for the

Promotion of Formalization in Latin Amer-

ica and the Caribbean (FORLAC) issued a paper on Policies for the Formalization of

Micro and Small Enterprises in Chile

outlines legislative eorts to create a more favourable business environment and to re- duce enterprises' regulatory burden, as well as the government's active promotion of pri- vate sector development, enterprise start-up and growth, oering a wide range of nan- cial and non-nancial business development services and instruments.

With a view to inform the policy debate in

a wider group of countries, the ILO start- ed to collect additional information on trends, achievements and lessons learned since 2014. is was done in the context of the ILO's mandate to gather and dissemi- nate knowledge to inform policy makers on promising practices that may be worth replicating in other parts of the world. is is particularly timely as many countries are currently testing new approaches to foster a transition to formality for informal opera- tors and enterprises, in line with the guid- ance as provided by Recommendation 204

Foreword

mal to the Formal Economy. e purpose of this paper is to share in- formation with policy makers and other stakeholders across the world on promising practices and lessons learned on the Chil- ean experience with respect to the formal- ization of enterprises and the workers they employ. It has been prepared in the context of a South-South Expert Knowledge Sharing

Forum on Policy Innovations and Lessons

Learned on Enterprise Formalization,

took place in the Philippines in July 2018. e event was organised by the ILO Coun- try Ofice for the Philippines in partnership with the ILO Enterprises Department, the

Work Quality Branch and the International

Training Centre of the ILO. It enabled ex-

perts and representatives from governments, social partners and other stakeholders from the Philippines to engage with experts of the

Global South on good practices and lessons

learned, while exploring opportunities to replicate or adapt eective initiatives. e workshop was technically supported by the

ILO Country Ofice for Brazil and the De-

cent Work Team for the Southern Cone in

Santiago, Chile, whereas the ILO Partner-

ships and Field Support Department con- tributed with South-South and Triangular

Cooperation funds.

Fabio Bertranou

Director

ILO Decent Work Techni-

cal Support Team for the

Southern Cone of Latin

America

Vic van Vuuren

Director

Enterprises Department

ILO Geneva

Khalid Hassan

Director

ILO Country Ofice for the

Philippines

Forewordv

List of Acronymsix

I.Background1

A. Characteristics of informality4

B. Micro-enterprises and informality6

Factors and instruments affecting formalization11

III.Selected good practices17

A. ChileCompra18

B. Single Window21

C. Act on Subcontracting25

D. Act on Family Micro-enterprises27

E. Tax regime for smaller enterprises28

F. SERCOTEC programmes33

G. State Bank Filial for Micro-enterprises37

H. Regulation of own-account workers38

Final considerations41

Bibliography45

List of Interviews47

List of Acronyms

Pension Fund Administration

Administradora de Fondo de Pensiones

Application Programming Interface

Credit and Investment Bank

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

State Bank Filial for Micro-enterprises

BancoEstado Microempresas

National Socio-economic Characteristics Survey

Encuesta de Caracterización Socieconómica Nacional National Corporation of Consumers and Users of Chile Corporación Nacional de Consumidores y Usuarios de Chile National Confederation of Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises of Chile Confederación Nacional de la Micro, Pequeña y Mediana Empresa de Chile United National Confederation of Medium-sized, Small and Micro-in- dustries and Artisanal Services of Chile Confederación Nacional Unida de la Mediana, Pequeña y Microindustria y

Servicios de Artesanado de Chile

Economic Development Agency

Corporación de Fomento de la Producción

Survey of Micro-enterprises

Encuesta de Microemprendientos

National Employment Survey

Encuesta Nacional de Empleo

Supplementary Income Survey

Encuesta de Suplemento de Ingresos

National Health Fund

Fondo Nacional de Salud

Social Solidarity and Investment Fund

Fondo de Solidaridad e Inversión Social

Agricultural Development Institute

Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario

Micro- and Small Enterprises

Micro-, Small and Medium-sized enterprises

OECD

Servicio Nacional de Capacitación y Empleo

Chile

Servicio de Cooperación Técnica

Servicio Nacional de Turismo

Servicio de Impuestos Internos

Subsecretaría de Telecomunicaciones

Unidad de Fomento

ination

Unidad Tributaria Mensual

T in the context of the meeting "Global South Expert Forum on Enterprise Formalization" itate the exchange of experience and good practice on the formalization of enterprises, held in Manila, Philippines, from 16 to 18

July 2018, which brought together repre-

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