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Editors

Roy Kamphausen, David Lai

Andrew Scobell

Chinese Lessons from Other Peoples' WarsU.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGEU.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE

Chinese Lessons from

Other Peoples' Wars

Editors:

Andrew Scobell

David Lai

Roy Kamphausen

Editors:

Andrew Scobell

David Lai

Roy Kamphausen

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Strategic Studies Institute Book

CHINESE LESSONS FROM OTHER

PEOPLES' WARS

Andrew Scobell

David Lai

Roy Kamphausen

Editors

November 2011

The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and tions enjoy full academic freedom, provided they do not disclose ers them to offer new and sometimes controversial perspectives ii***** www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil newsletter to update the national security community on the re- www.StrategicStudiesInstitute. army.mil/newsletter/. iii

CONTENTS

Andrew Scobell, David Lai, and Roy Kamphausen

June Teufel Dreyer

Christopher D. Yung

Christopher Twomey

Dean Cheng

Frank Miller

Martin Andrew

Yu Bin

iv v

FOREWORD

for its cooperation, or rivalry, with the international oriented itself to the importance of airpower, com- mand and control, and precision munitions from the mitment to excellence with the presentation of the

Chinese Lessons from Other People's Wars is

vi

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Andrew Scobell

David Lai

Roy Kamphausen

While there is cer-

aspects of current and future military operational suc

CHINESE MILITARY OPERATIONAL

EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS

tically to deal with widespread civil unrest, protests, evolved to include the concept of Military Operations that, whereas in the past, nonwar missions were part

As a result of these

very limited wartime operational experience upon cause airpower was viewed as a mere adjunct to the and the last

Thus, it was

to the defense of seaports and coastal cities, modest

PLA LESSONS FROM OTHER PEOPLE'S WAR

One should not simply assume that a military

An army learns lessons after it incorporates the con- clusions derived from experience into institutional lesson, and from that lesson may come new or adapted doctrine or perhaps dissemination of potentially use- important factor that Milosevic surrendered in time to lications on military topics in recent decades, there to issues such as how to survive as a prisoner of war, to prevent suicide in the military, to deal with troop reductions due to casualties, and prepare for an evenly-matched contest with the metric tactics to deal with a much more powerful op-

This war remains to this date the most classic

not well-maintained, without assured resupply, and centers with missiles and the political and coercive im

The Science

of Second Artillery Campaign delivery platforms, and, most practically, the aircraft efforts to promote internal innovations in the use of

National Defense White

Papers

tension has come to the surface as a result of the two jor power in the world without an aircraft carrier and

LESSONS (IMPLICATIONS) FOR THE UNITED

STATES

sons that perhaps support a party line in an internal of current and future military operational success and not of war, precisely the domain where politics most in- dissuade provocations, and so on ultimately serves to diplomacy, and multilateral exercises in particular reconnaissance operations in international air and seas

ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 1

the Military History of the Chinese Communist Party the Chinese Communist Party Armed Struggle Experience and Learn- ing

History of the Worker-Peasant Red Army

Route Army

Field Armies

Promoting Good Tradition,

Carrying out Sacred Mission: Collected Works Commemorating the

80th Anniversary of the Founding of the PLA

Major Sweeping Campaigns of the PLA

China Quarterly

The Lessons of History: The Chinese People's Libera- tion Army at 75

Asian Survey

The PLA Experience Since 1949

The Chinese People's Liberation

Army at 75

China's Use of Military Force: Beyond

the Great Wall and the Long March- ibid Beyond the Strait: PLA Missions Other Than Taiwan,

The PLA at Home and Abroad: Assessing the

Operational Capabilities of China's Military

Beyond the Strait,

The PLA at Home and Abroad,

The PLA at Home and Abroad,

Chinese

The Lessons of History

Chinese Military Strategy-

The PLA at Home and

Abroad,

The Lessons of

History

Mao's China and the Cold War

China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950-1975

The Lessons of His-

tory

Chinese

Liu Zhen HuiyiluMemoirs of Liu Zhen

China's Air Force Enters the 21st Century

The Lessons of History

Military History

The Lessons of History

Chinese

Survival

The Lessons of History

Lessons Learned: A History of U.S. Army

Lesson Learning-

Military Re-

view The

People's Liberation Army at 75-

⒈▞Xiangchao˗-

Xiangtan Normal University

઼ᒣоਁኅᆓ࠺Peace and Develop- ment Quarterly

Peace and Development Quarterly

PLA Military Medical Affairs

Journal of National Defense Forces in Southeast China ies

Journal of Political Worksᕐษ儈

ѝഭഭᛵഭ࣋China National

Power ⧠ԓ䱢ᗑᢰᵟModern De- fense Technology

National Defense

⹄ウMilitary Economics Studies䱸ԓ

Economics Studies

⹄ウResearch on Rear Service at a Basic Level nomics Studies ьইഭ䱢५㦟Military Medical Journal of Southeast China

PLA Military Medical Affairs

Survival,

For- eign Affairs Na- tional Interest- ц⭼㓿⍾о᭯⋫World Economics and Poli- tics

Economics and Politics

ᆖᵟӔ⍱Academic Exchanges ⷝᵋઘ࠺Outlook Weekly 䎔ጠᆖ䲒ᆖᣕJournal of Chifeng University [Soc.Sci]- Continental or Maritime Power? A Summary of Chinese Views on

Maritime Strategy since 1999-

World Military

Contemporary World

CHAPTER 2

PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY

LESSONS FROM FOREIGN CONFLICTS:

THE AIR WAR IN KOSOVO

June Teufel Dreyer

THE KOSOVO CONFLICT AND ITS OUTCOME

Executive Summary.

seen as complementary rather than mutually contra-

The Setting.

weather conditions, enemy resilience, and disharmo

The People's Liberation Army Contemplates the

Kosovo Operation.

with careful interest and occasional references to the tions, most particularly Taiwan and to a lesser extent,

Jiefang Junbao

PLA Daily

did not mate

Military media were impressed with the improve-

tailed comparisons were made with not only the Gulf noted that, while munitions dropped from the air ac- counted for one-fourth of all munitions expended in fully examined its performance in every confrontation tion of land, sea, and air forces on a three-dimensional sualties was noted, as was the success of its efforts to and humanitarian causes, had trampled on the sov-

Another

Other analysts predicted

other events most Americans would see as discrete,

Three Schools of Thought Contend.

Kongjun Bao, the air force newspaper,

A succession of essays in military journals dealt

operational space, automated command and control, While there was a consensus that the nature of war

Qiushi≲ᱟ, Seeking Truth

Unrestricted Warfare䎵䲀ᡈ

interview with

China Youth Daily

deployed, the value of each individual weapon in proliferation in types and costs of weapons that are necessary to support this marathon could even cause chemical warfare, terrorism, and the manipulation of and developed countries, which is what human his- shashoujianᵰ᡻䬿- sionally as sashoujian᫂᡻䬿-

Nimitz

demonstrations at military academies around the there were nonetheless evident efforts to restrain the words carefully so as not to invite criticisms of cow- politics, yet we cannot close our door and refuse to tract investments, while the other hand must increase

A few days later, a JFJB commentator who was

Kosovo in a Decade's Perspective.

International Strategy and the Revolution in Mili- tary Affairs, conditions, while not fully or indiscriminately copy to the importance of talented personnel and forward learned the value of space as the fourth dimension,

China National De-

fense Newsѝഭഭ䱢ᣕ ever, he noted, there was a tendency to deviate from and tactics that had previously served it well, the on actual weapons on hand with careful use of strat items of interest to an enemy moved out of their path

Air Force Newsオߋ

tity of operational aircraft, surface missiles, radar, ployment locations of the missiles, it had no way to

Lessons Learned From Past Wars.

the decisive factor in victory sion learned that air transport was a crucial element transport planes was used approached that of main The tions, population, and to the importance of properly carry-

As a retired Taiwan

tions, and an extreme aversion to casualties, two fac- consent of numerous and sometimes fractious allies, casualties would continue to prevail when vitally im- portant national interests or the lives of their own sol no attention to the issue of whether the destruction no pilots, and commented, The truth of the matter is that there were not a lot of dential palace,

The constant repetition

superior military power, there is no indication that, in as a fait accompli

Lessons from the Lessons?

errors, to the extent that one is reminded of an episode ent factor inputs such as political circumstances, ter-

Implications for the United States.

tious coalition, and would therefore have no need to misinformation from its own military history to jus account of what happened that party historical ac- system and more soldiers who were properly trained planners should carefully monitor whether such mis- sees as reactions to particular events, such as the deci-

ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 2

New York Times

New York Times

PLA Daily

ѝഭഭ䱢ᣕChina National

Defense News

Daily Daily

PLA Daily

PLA Daily-

China

Quarterly

The Mirror

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