[PDF] Ch 18 Phylum Arthropoda - Mr Aitken's Biology Class





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Ch 18 Phylum Arthropoda - Mr Aitken's Biology Class

Target Objectives for Arthropods •Describe the characteristics of arthropods •Explain the main adaptations contributing to arthropod success •List the four main groups of arthropods and



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Why is it difficult to classify arthropods?

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What phylum are arthropods?

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What is the classification of arthropods in Tennessee?

•Phylum Arthropoda •Subphylum- Chelicerata •Class Arachnida •Loxoscles reclusa – Brown Recluse •Distribution in TN: Statewide •Distribution in US: Southeast 1 ID Marks • Fiddle on cephalothorax w/ neck of fiddle toward abdomen • Abdomen has no spots or stripes • Legs are a single color Target Objectives for Arthropods

Sight ID

‡Phylum Arthropoda

‡Subphylum-

Chelicerata

‡Class Arachnida

‡Loxoscles reclusa ²

Brown Recluse

‡Distribution in TN:

Statewide

‡Distribution in US:

Southeast

1

ID Marks

Fiddle on cephalothorax w/ neck of

fiddle toward abdomen

Abdomen has no spots or stripes

Legs are a single color

Target Objectives for

Arthropods

‡Describe the characteristics of arthropods.

‡Explain the main adaptations contributing to

arthropod success.

‡List the four main groups of arthropods and

describe the features of each. 2 3

Phylum Arthropoda

Section 21.8

Phylum Arthropoda:

Trilobites, chelicerates, myriapods, crustaceans, and insects

Arthropods Have Jointed Appendages

Over 1,000,000

species of arthropods exist!

Figure 21.2

Section 21.8Figure 21.18

Key features

Arthropods Have Jointed Appendages

6

Phylum Arthropoda

‡´ÓRLQPHG IRRPµ

‡Largest phylum

‡900,000 species

²75% of all known

species

‡Insects, spiders,

crustaceans, millipedes, scorpions, ticks, etc. 7

3O\OXP $UPOURSRGM ŃRQP·G

‡Most successful phylum

²Ecologically diverse

²Present in all regions of

the earth

‡Adapted to air, land,

freshwater, marine, other organisms

Arthropod Origins

‡The arthropod body plan consists of a

segmented body, hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages

‡This body plan dates to the Cambrian

explosion (535²525 million years ago)

‡Early arthropods show little variation from

segment to segment

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 33.28

‡Arthropod evolution is characterized by a

decrease in the number of segments and an increase in appendage specialization

‡These changes may have been caused by

changes in Hox gene sequence or regulation

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 33.29

EXPERIMENT

Origin of Ubxand

abd-A Hoxgenes?

RESULTS

Common ancestor

Other ecdysozoans

Arthropods

Onychophorans (velvet worms)

Ant antenna

J jaws

L1L15 body segments

12

Reasons for success

1.Versatile exoskeleton

2.Efficient locomotion

3.Air piped directly to

cells (terrestrial)

4.Highly developed

sensory organs

5.Complex behavior

6.Metamorphosis

13

1.Exoskeleton

²External: not enveloped by living tissue

²Protection

²Secreted by underlying epidermis

‡Waterproof barrier

‡Chitin +/-calcium,

lipoproteins

‡Modifications

²Can be site for muscle

attachment

²Energy stores-flying

²Sensory receptors

²Gas exchange

²bristles

14

1.([RVNHOHPRQ ŃRQP·G

²Varies from soft and permeable to hard,

impermeable

²Between segments of

body/appendages= thin + flexible

²Must be shed (ecdysis=

molting) to allow growth

²Relatively heavy

‡Limits size

15

2.Efficient locomotion

²Tagmatization, more specialized than annelids

‡Regions= tagma/tagmata

‡Jointed appendages

Crayfish mouthparts

Crushing food

Food handling

Drawing water into gills

Touch, taste, food handling

16

3.Air piped directly

to cells

²More efficient than

most other invertebrates

‡Most have efficient

tracheal system of air tubes; some breathe by gills

‡Limits size

17

4.Highly developed sense organs

‡Sight, touch, smell, hearing, balance, chemical reception

Displacement of seta initiates

a nerve impulse in a receptor cell at its base

Eyes convert light energy into

nerve impulses 18

5.Complex behavior patterns

‡Complex, organized activities

‡May be innate (unlearned) or learned

19

6.Limited intraspecific competition

quotesdbs_dbs4.pdfusesText_8
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