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White Paper on Development Cooperation 2016

Japan's International

Cooperation

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

White Paper on Development Cooperation 2016

Japan's International Cooperation

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

White Paper on Development Cooperation 2016

Japan's International

Cooperation

[Cover photograph][Back cover photograph] This White Paper can also be viewed on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ( MOFA) website (http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda). In addition to the information about

ofcial development assistance (ODA) disbursed by Japan, the website also provides a collection of reference materials regarding aid provided by other countries

and the activities of international organizations, etc. All titles of individuals given in this White Paper are those current at the time of the applicable events.

A Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer, Ms. Kaori

Koizumi, conducts medical checks at a health center operated by the NGO, Asha Deep Foundation in Uttar

Pradesh, India. She provides advice on health

examination and health improvement and carries out activities such as outpatient treatment for tuberculo sis, health guidance for people living on mountains of garbage in the area, and rehabilitation for handicapped children in cooperation with local healthcare workers at its healthcare centers.

(Photo: JICA India Ofce)A “Japanese Week" class introducing Japanese culture is held at the Banban Primary School near the city of Luganville on Santo Island, Vanuatu. A boy is proudly showing the “Ayatori," the string art he learned during the class called “Let"s play with Japanese toys!" (Photo: Tamami Shimomura)

Foreword

Last year was critically important and carried heavy responsibility for Japan"s diplomacy, but it was also a signicant year from

the viewpoint of Japan"s development cooperation.

Holding the G7 Presidency, Japan afrmed our strong commitment to tackle ever more serious global issues and lead efforts

for further contribution to peace and stability as well as prosperity of the international society. Japan advanced collaboration

between humanitarian assistance and development cooperation for reconstruction in order to make substantial ODA contribution,

particularly in response to the refugees and migrants stemming from the crisis in Syria. In August 2016, Japan co-organized

the Sixth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD VI) in Kenya—for the rst time on African soil.

Following the end of the Cold War, international attention on Africa has been in decline yet the launch of this initiative by Japan

demonstrated our willingness to play a leading role in refocusing priori ty on Africa. Last year"s conference, the sixth since the

rst conference was held in 1993, reafrmed that Africa still has high expectations from Japan. Furthermore, 2016 was the rst

year implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted at the United Nations in 2015. Japan launched the

SDGs Promotion Headquarters comprised of all Cabinet members, and is taking initiative in achieving the goals of the Agenda.

By seriously addressing issues vital to international society, Japan can show a leading presence in the world and strengthen its

credibility. Last year"s efforts reinforced that ODA is an important diplomatic tool to forge signicant international contribution, a

notion we have held for a long time.

Peace and stability in the world and economic growth in developing countries have direct impacts on Japan. From the

perspective of Proactive Contribution to Peace based on the principle of international cooperation, Japa

n"s contribution through

ODA to nd solutions for the challenges facing the international society also means securing Japan"s national interests. Based on

this understanding, in 2015 the Cabinet decided the Development Cooperation Charter, Japan"s new development cooperation

guidelines tailored to address changes in the international environment. The trust placed in Japan by developing countries rests

on our development cooperation over the past 60 years, in which Japan, as a partner on equal standing wit

h counterpart countries, placed the spotlight on all people including the socially vulnerable, an d customized its support to match their needs. This basic

concept of ODA will not change under the new Charter. Japan will simultaneously develop “quality infrastructure" by drawing

on its expertise and technologies, which in turn will lead to “quality growth" in developing countries and growth of the Japanese

economy. It is also essential to implement cooperation that will promote two-way economic growth. In this regard, it will become

even more necessary to collaborate with diverse parties, including private companies, local governments, and NGOs.

Last but not least, 2016 saw a fundamental overhaul of Japan"s safety measures for personnel engaged in international

cooperation. Following the tragedy in Bangladesh in July last year, the Council on Safety Measures for International Cooperation

Projects was established under my leadership, thereby introducing new safety measures for international cooperation personnel.

ODA cannot be implemented without securing the safety of all personnel. Ja pan will steadily implement these safety measures to leave no one behind in terms of safety.

Looking back on this past year, this White Paper provides an introduction to the contributions Japan made during the G7

Presidency, and the path Japan has taken under its Development Cooperation Charter. ODA is an important tool, both for fullling

Japan"s responsibility in international society and for promoting the national interests of Japan. Therefore, Japan needs to further

evolve ODA. On the other hand, the Government of Japan"s severe scal situation and domestic challenges are a reality, meaning

ODA often faces harsh criticism. Thus the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has responsibility to carefully explain the activities and

signicance of ODA to the Japanese people, and gain their understanding and support in making more strategic and effective use of

ODA. We will continue these efforts ceaselessly to realize diplomacy that goes together with the Japanese people.

I sincerely hope that this White Paper will help in this endeavor.

March 2017

Minister for Foreign Affairs

Fumio Kishida

The foundation of Japan"s development cooperation policy is the Development Cooperation Charter (decided by the Cabinet in February 2015). Japan denes its development cooperation policy as being based on: adhering to the course it has taken to date as a peace-loving nation, while contributing even more proactively to securing the peace, stability and prosperity of the international community from the perspective of “Proactive Contribution to Peace" based on the principle of international cooperation; and securing the national interests of Japan through this approach. The Charter sets forth these basic policies of Japan, and stipulates that Ofcial Development Assistance (ODA) will be utilized ever more strategically and effectively as one of the most important foreign policy tools for realizing those policies. At a time when development issues are becoming more diverse and complex, requiring development cooperation not only by states but also by various actors including private companies and NGOs, ODA must fulll the role of catalyst for gathering these diverse forces.

1. Basic policies of the development cooperation of Japan

The Charter identies the following three basic policies of the Japan"s development cooperation implemented for the aforementioned objectives. (1) Contributing to peace and prosperity through cooperation for non-military purposes Cooperation for non-military purposes is one of the most suitable modalities for international contribution for Japan as a peace-loving nation, and is an embodiment of the country"s sincere aspirations for the peace and prosperity of the international community. Under this policy, Japan will continue to comply with the principle of avoiding any use of development cooperation for military purposes or for aggravation of international conicts. (2) Promoting human security Human security — a concept that pursues the right of individuals to live happily and in dignity, free from fear and want, through their protection and empowerment — is the guiding principle of Japan"s development cooperation. Japan will focus its development cooperation on people — especially those liable to be vulnerable, and provide cooperation for their protection and empowerment so as to realize human security and mainstream the concept even further in the international community. (3) Cooperation aimed at self-reliant development through assistance for self-help efforts as well as dialogue and collaboration based on Japan's experience and expertise Supporting the self-help efforts of developing countries and aiming for self-reliant development in the future has been the traditional stance in Japan"s development cooperation. Japan attaches importance to building the foundations of self-help efforts and self-reliant development such as human resources, socio-economic infrastructure, regulations and institutions in developing countries, and will also go beyond waiting for requests from partner countries by carrying out development cooperation focusing on dialogue and collaboration, such as development cooperation in which Japan proactively presents proposals.

2. Priority issues

In line with the basic policies described above, Japan will promote development cooperation in accordance with the following priority issues while taking note of the inter- relationships between them. (1) "Quality growth" and poverty eradication through such growth Realization of economic growth is essential for reducing poverty, especially eradicating absolute poverty, in the world but it is necessary for that growth to be “quality growth" that has the following three features: (i) “inclusiveness," meaning that the fruits of growth are shared within society as a whole, leaving no one behind, (ii) “sustainability," meaning that the growth is sustainable over generations in terms of harmony with the environment, sustained socio-economic growth, and addressing global warming, among other aspects, and (iii) “resilience," meaning being able to withstand and recover from economic crises, natural disasters and other shocks. In pursuing poverty eradication through the realization of this quality growth, Japan also provides assistance, etc. to secure the foundations and the driving force for economic growth and for people-centered development that supports basic human life. (2) Sharing universal values and realizing a peaceful and secure society Stable development through “quality growth" will not be achieved unless the rights of individuals are guaranteed, people can engage in economic and social activities with a sense of safety, and the society is managed equitably and stably. With a view to solidifying the foundations for such development, Japan provides assistance so as to share universal values as well as to realize a peaceful, stable and secure society. In particular, working towards sharing universal values, Japan works on assistance for the establishment of the rule of law, the realization of good governance, the promotion and consolidation of democratization, and respect for basic human rights including women"s rights. Moreover, working towards realizing a peaceful, stable and secure society, Japan extends assistance for peacebuilding, emergency humanitarian assistance, capacity building of law enforcement authorities, combatting terrorism, and capacity building in relation to seas, outer space and cyberspace. (3) Building a sustainable and resilient international community through efforts to address global challenges

Transboundary challenges facing humanity include

environmental issues, climate change, water related issues, major natural disasters, infectious diseases, food issues, and energy issues. These challenges signicantly affect the international community as a whole, with particularly serious impact on the poor and other vulnerable people. These problems require united efforts by the international community to build a sustainable and resilient society through the promotion of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), etc. Japan is truly leading the efforts of the international community towards overcoming these global challenges. Based on the above priority issues, in addition to development cooperation that caters to the needs and characteristics of each country, Japan is also engaged in greater-area development, strengthening regional connectivity, etc. Furthermore, Japan extends necessary cooperation to countries based on their actual development needs and affordability. These include countries that despite progress in development are laden with a variety of development challenges and countries such as small island countries that are faced with special vulnerabilities despite having attained a certain level of per capita income.

Japan's Development Cooperation Policy

- Development Cooperation Charter -

3. Principles and arrangements for the implementation of

development cooperation (1) When promoting development cooperation, Japan (i)constantly establishes policies and sets goals based on its foreign policy, (ii)aims for synergetic effects between ODA and non-ODA financing and activities, and (iii) constantly conducts evaluations at the policy and project level, and reects the results of the evaluations in the policy decision-making process. Furthermore, the principles for ensuring the appropriateness of the development cooperation are (i) taking into consideration thequotesdbs_dbs25.pdfusesText_31

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