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Antony and Cleopatra

As You Like It

Hamlet

Henry IV (Part I)

Julius Caesar

King Lear

Macbeth

The Merchant of Venice

A Midsummer Night's Dream

Othello

Romeo and Juliet

The Sonnets

The Taming of the Shrew

The Tempest

Twelfth Night

Bloom's Shakespeare Through the Ages

Bloom's Shakespeare Through the Ages

HAMLET

edited and with an introduction by

Harold Bloom

Sterling Professor of the Humanities

Yale University

Volume editor

Brett Foster

Bloom's Shakespeare Through the Ages: Hamlet

Copyright © 2008 by Infobase Publishing

Introduction © 2008 by Harold Bloom

All rights reserved. . No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. .

For more information contact:

Bloom's Literary Criticism

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New York NY 10001

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hamlet / edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom. . p. . cm. . - (Bloom's Shakespeare through the ages)

Includes bibliographical references and index. .

ISBN 978-0-7910-9592-8 (hc : alk. . paper) 1. . Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. . Hamlet. . 2. . Hamlet (Legendary character) 3. . Tragedy. . I. . Bloom, Harold. .

PR2807. .H2623725 2008

822. .3'3 - dc22 2007050853

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Series Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ix

Volume Introduction by Harold Bloom

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..xi

Biography of William Shakespeare

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Summary of Hamlet

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Key Passages in Hamlet

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..19

List of Characters in Hamlet

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..35

CritiCism tHrougH tHe ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..39

Hamlet in the Seventeenth Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..41

1605 - Ben Jonson, George Chapman, and John Marston. .

From Eastward Ho

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

1608 - François de Belleforest. . Chapters 2-5

from e Hystorie of Hamblet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

1619 - [Anonymous]. . From A Funeral Elegy

on the Death of Richard Burbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

1661-1668 - Samuel Pepys. . From e Diary of Samuel Pepys

. . . . . . .67

1679 - John Dryden. . From "?e Preface to the Play,"

in Troilus and Cressida

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

1698 - Jeremy Collier. . From A Short View of the Immorality

and Profaneness of the English Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

1699 - James Drake. . From e Antient and Modern

Stages Survey'd

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Hamlet in the eighteenth Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..81

1709 - Nicholas Rowe. . From Some Account

of the Life of Mr. William Shakespear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

CONTENTS

1734 - Voltaire. "On Tragedy," from Letters Concerning

the English Nation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

1735 - William Popple. From ?e Prompter

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

1736 - ?omas Hanmer. From Some Remarks

on the Tragedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

1748 - Voltaire. From "Discourse on Ancient and

Modern Tragedy"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

1749 - Henry Fielding. From Tom Jones

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

1765 - Samuel Johnson. From "?e Preface

to Shakespeare" and "Notes on the Plays," in ?e Plays of William Shakespeare

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

1768 - Laurence Sterne. From A Sentimental

Journey ?rough France and Italy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

1776 - Voltaire. From "A Letter from

M. Voltaire to the French Académie Containing

an Appeal to ?at Society on the Merits of

Shakespeare, Translated from the Original"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

1780 - Henry Mackenzie. From ?e Mirror

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

1795 - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

From Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131

Hamlet in the Nineteenth Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

1809 - August Wilhelm von Schlegel. From Lectures

on Dramatic Art and Literature

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

1811 - Charles Lamb. "On the Tragedies of Shakespeare"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144

1814 - William Hazlitt. "Mr. Kean's Hamlet," from

Morning Chronicle

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

1817 - William Hazlitt. "Hamlet," from Characters

of Shakespear's Plays

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

1818 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge. From Lectures

and Notes on Shakspere and Other English Poets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156

1845 -

e dgar Allan Poe. From "William Hazlitt" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

1860 - Ivan Turgenev. "Hamlet and Don Quixote:

?e

Two eternal Human Types"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

Contentsvi

1864 - Victor Hugo. From William Shakespeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175

1868 - James Russell Lowell. "Shakespeare Once More"

. . . . . . . . . . . .181

1871 - Friedrich Nietzsche. From ?e Birth of Tragedy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192

1875 - George Macdonald. "?e elder Hamlet"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200

1880 - Algernon Charles Swinburne.

From "Hamlet," in A Study of Shakespeare

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206

1884 - Matthew Arnold. "Hamlet Once More"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210

1884 - Mark Twain. From ?e Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

. . . . .211

1886 - Anatole France. "Hamlet at the Comedie-Française"

. . . . . . .215

1897 - Oscar Wilde. "Letter to Lord Alfred Douglas"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218

Hamlet in the twentieth Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221

1901 - G. K. Chesterton. "?e True Hamlet" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226

1902 - Walter de la Mare. "Polonius," "Ophelia," and "Hamlet"

. . .228

1904 - A. C. Bradley. From Shakespearean Tragedy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230

1909 - Anna Akhmatova. "Reading Hamlet"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

1919 - T. S. eliot. "Hamlet and His Problems"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248

1922 - James Joyce. From Ulysses

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252

1930 - G. Wilson Knight. "?e embassy of Death:

A n essay on Hamlet"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264

1951 - William empson. "Hamlet When New,"

from ?e Sewanee Review

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277

1951 - Harold C. Goddard. From ?e Meaning of Shakespeare

. . . . . .307

1957 - Carolyn Heilbrun. "?e Character of Hamlet's

Mother," from Shakespeare Quarterly

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318

1958 - Boris Pasternak. "Hamlet," from Doctor Zhivago

. . . . . . . . . . . . .326

1969 - Stephen Booth. "On the Value of Hamlet"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327

1985 - Margaret Ferguson. "Hamlet: Letters and Spirits,"

from Shakespeare and the Question of ?eory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349

1986 - Harold Bloom. "Introduction," from

Hamlet

(Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366

Contentsvii

1987 - Graham Bradshaw. "Hamlet and the Art

of Grafting," from Shakespeare's Scepticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375

1990 - Harold Bloom. "Introduction,"

from Hamlet (Major Literary Characters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398

1995 - Harold Bloom. "Introduction,"

from Hamlet (Bloom's Notes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404

Hamlet in the twenty-rst Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407

2005 - James Shapiro. From A Year in the Life

of William Shakespeare, 1599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410

bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413

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