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11083/15 MF/agi 1 DG C 1 Delegations will find enclosed Main
20 lug 2015 of the Interinstitutional Agreement of 2 December 2013) - 2014. - Draft Annual report from the High Representative of the European Union.
Delegations will find enclosed Main aspects and basic choices of
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11083/15 MF/agi 1
DG C 1
ENCouncil of the
European Union
Brussels, 20 July 2015
(OR. en)11083/15
CFSP/PESC 435
COPS 245
FIN 527
PE 128
OUTCOME OF PROCEEDINGS
From: General Secretariat of the Council
To: Delegations
No. prev. doc.: 10549/15
Subject: Main aspects and basic choices of the CFSP (part II, point E, paragraph 25 of the Interinstitutional Agreement of 2 December 2013) - 2014 - Draft Annual report from the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to the European Parliament Delegations will find enclosed "Main aspects and basic choices of the CFSP (Part II, point E, paragraph 25 of the Interinstitutional Agreement of 2 December 2013)2014 - Draft Annual report
from the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to the European Parliament", as endorsed by the Council on 20 July 2015.11083/15 MF/agi 2
DG C 1
EN Draft Annual Report from the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to the European ParliamentMain aspects
and basic choices of the CFSP 2014INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 15
1. Examples of EU engagement in the world......................................................................... 16
2. Challenges ahead................................................................................................................ 20
A. Overview of Activities by Regions ........................................................................................... 21
1. Southern Neighbourhood, Middle East Peace Process and Arabian Peninsula ................. 21
1.1. North Africa ............................................................................................................... 21
1.1.1. Algeria .................................................................................................................. 21
1.1.2. Morocco ................................................................................................................ 22
1.1.3. Tunisia .................................................................................................................. 23
1.1.4. Libya ..................................................................................................................... 24
1.2. Middle East ................................................................................................................. 25
1.2.1. Egypt ..................................................................................................................... 25
1.2.2. Jordan .................................................................................................................... 26
1.2.3. Lebanon ................................................................................................................ 27
1.2.4. Syria ...................................................................................................................... 28
1.2.5. Middle East Peace Process ................................................................................... 30
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EN1.3. Arabian Peninsula, Iran and Iraq ................................................................................ 35
1.3.1. Gulf Cooperation Council and its Member States ................................................ 35
1.3.2. Iran ........................................................................................................................ 36
1.3.3. Iraq ........................................................................................................................ 38
1.3.4. Yemen ................................................................................................................... 41
1.4. Regional co-operation ................................................................................................ 42
1.4.1. League of Arab States ........................................................................................... 42
1.4.2. Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) ......................................................... 43
1.4.3. Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) ..................................................................... 44
2. Russia, Eastern Neighbourhood and Central Asia ............................................................. 44
2.1. Russian Federation ..................................................................................................... 44
2.2. Eastern Partnership: multilateral relations ................................................................. 48
2.3. Black Sea Synergy ...................................................................................................... 51
2.4. Eastern Partnership: bilateral relations ....................................................................... 52
2.4.1. Ukraine ................................................................................................................. 52
2.4.2. Belarus .................................................................................................................. 58
2.4.3. Republic of Moldova ............................................................................................ 60
2.4.4. Georgia ................................................................................................................. 63
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EN2.4.5. Azerbaijan ............................................................................................................. 66
2.4.6. Armenia ................................................................................................................ 66
2.4.7. The Nagorno Karabakh conflict ........................................................................... 67
2.5. Central Asia ................................................................................................................ 68
2.5.1. Regional relations ................................................................................................. 68
2.5.2. Bilateral relations .................................................................................................. 69
3. Western Balkans ..................................................................................................................... 71
4. Turkey and Western Europe .............................................................................................. 79
4.1. Turkey ........................................................................................................................ 79
4.2. Western Europe .......................................................................................................... 83
5. Asia and the Pacific............................................................................................................ 86
5.1. Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) ................................................................................... 86
5.2. East Asia ..................................................................................................................... 87
5.2.1. China ..................................................................................................................... 87
5.2.2. Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................... 88
5.2.3. Taiwan .................................................................................................................. 89
5.2.4. Japan ..................................................................................................................... 89
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EN5.2.5. Republic of Korea ................................................................................................. 90
5.2.6. Democratic People's Republic of Korea ............................................................... 91
5.2.7. Mongolia ............................................................................................................... 92
5.3. Southeast Asia ............................................................................................................ 93
5.3.1. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) .............................................. 93
5.3.2. Myanmar/Burma ................................................................................................... 93
5.3.3. Thailand ................................................................................................................ 94
5.3.4. Cambodia .............................................................................................................. 94
5.3.5. Indonesia ............................................................................................................... 95
5.3.6. Philippines ............................................................................................................ 95
5.3.7. Vietnam ................................................................................................................ 96
5.3.8. Singapore .............................................................................................................. 96
5.3.9. Malaysia ................................................................................................................ 97
5.3.10. Brunei .................................................................................................................. 97
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EN5.4. South Asia .................................................................................................................. 98
5.4.1. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) ............................ 98
5.4.2. India ...................................................................................................................... 98
5.4.3. Nepal ..................................................................................................................... 99
5.4.4. Bhutan ................................................................................................................... 99
5.4.5. Afghanistan ........................................................................................................... 99
5.4.6. Pakistan ............................................................................................................... 101
5.4.7. Bangladesh .......................................................................................................... 102
5.4.8. Sri Lanka ............................................................................................................. 103
5.4.9. Maldives ............................................................................................................. 104
5.5. Pacific ....................................................................................................................... 104
5.5.1. Australia .............................................................................................................. 104
5.5.2. New Zealand ....................................................................................................... 105
5.5.3. Fiji ....................................................................................................................... 107
5.5.4. Solomon Islands ................................................................................................. 107
5.5.5. Regional issues ................................................................................................... 108
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EN6. Africa ............................................................................................................................... 108
6.1. African Union ........................................................................................................... 108
6.2. West Africa ............................................................................................................... 111
6.2.1. Security and development in the Sahel ............................................................... 112
6.2.2. Mauritania ........................................................................................................... 113
6.2.3. Mali ..................................................................................................................... 114
6.2.4. Niger ................................................................................................................... 115
6.2.5. Burkina Faso ....................................................................................................... 116
6.2.6. Senegal ................................................................................................................ 117
6.2.7. The Gambia ........................................................................................................ 119
6.2.8. Guinea Bissau ..................................................................................................... 120
6.2.9. Guinea ................................................................................................................. 121
6.2.10. Sierra Leone ...................................................................................................... 122
6.2.11. Liberia ............................................................................................................... 122
6.2.12. Côte d'Ivoire ...................................................................................................... 123
6.2.13. Togo................................................................................................................... 124
6.2.14. Nigeria ............................................................................................................... 125
6.3. East Africa ................................................................................................................ 126
6.3.1. Djibouti ............................................................................................................... 127
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EN6.3.2. Eritrea ................................................................................................................. 128
6.3.3. Ethiopia ............................................................................................................... 129
6.3.4. Somalia ............................................................................................................... 129
6.3.5. South Sudan ........................................................................................................ 131
6.3.6. Kenya .................................................................................................................. 132
6.3.7. Madagascar ......................................................................................................... 133
6.3.8. Mauritius ............................................................................................................. 134
6.3.9. Seychelles ........................................................................................................... 134
6.3.10. Tanzania ............................................................................................................ 135
6.3.11. Uganda............................................................................................................... 136
6.4. Central Africa ........................................................................................................... 138
6.4.1. The Great Lakes region and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) ........... 138
6.4.2. Central African Republic (CAR) ........................................................................ 143
6.5. Southern Africa ........................................................................................................ 144
6.5.1. Angola ................................................................................................................ 145
6.5.2. Namibia .............................................................................................................. 146
6.5.3. Botswana ................................................................................................................ 146
6.5.4. Zambia ................................................................................................................ 146
6.5.5. Zimbabwe ........................................................................................................... 147
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EN6.5.6. South Africa ........................................................................................................ 147
6.5.7. Swaziland ............................................................................................................ 148
6.5.8. Lesotho ............................................................................................................... 149
6.5.9. Mozambique ....................................................................................................... 149
6.5.10. Malawi ............................................................................................................... 150
7. Americas .......................................................................................................................... 151
7.1. United States and Canada ......................................................................................... 151
7.1.1. United States ....................................................................................................... 151
7.1.2. Canada ................................................................................................................ 153
7.2. Latin America and the Caribbean ............................................................................. 154
7.2.1. Bi-regional relations ........................................................................................... 154
7.2.2. Sub-regional relations ......................................................................................... 155
7.2.3. Bilateral relations ................................................................................................ 157
B. Addressing Threats and Global Challenges ............................................................................. 164
1. Non-proliferation and Disarmament ................................................................................ 164
1.1. Non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery ...... 165
1.1.1. Non-Proliferation Treaty .................................................................................... 165
1.1.2. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty .......................................................... 166
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EN1.1.3. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) .................................................... 167
1.1.4. Chemical Weapons Convention ......................................................................... 167
1.1.5. Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention ....................................................... 168
1.1.6. Export control ..................................................................................................... 169
1.1.7. Hague Code of Conduct against the Proliferation of Ballistic Missiles ............. 170
1.1.8. Outer space activities .......................................................................................... 170
1.2. Conventional weapons ............................................................................................. 171
1.2.1. Arms Trade Treaty .............................................................................................. 171
1.2.2. Small arms and light weapons ............................................................................ 172
1.2.3. Anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions ...................................................... 173
1.2.4. Export controls.................................................................................................... 174
1.2.5. Wassenaar Arrangement ..................................................................................... 174
2. Trans-Regional Threats and Global Challenges .............................................................. 174
2.1. Organised crime ....................................................................................................... 174
2.2. Maritime security ..................................................................................................... 175
2.3. Cyber policy and cyber security ............................................................................... 177
2.4. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Risk Mitigation .......................... 178
2.5. Energy ...................................................................................................................... 178
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EN2.6. Climate Change ........................................................................................................ 180
2.7. Migration .................................................................................................................. 181
2.8. Drugs ........................................................................................................................ 183
2.9. Responsible Mineral Sourcing ................................................................................. 184
2.10. Counter - Terrorism ................................................................................................. 185
C. Contribution to a More Effective Multilateral Order (UN, CoE, OSCE, G7 /G8 /G20) ......... 1871. UN .................................................................................................................................... 187
2. Peace and Security ........................................................................................................... 188
3. Human, economic and social development and Post-2015 development agenda............ 189
4. Cooperation with African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries ................................ 191
5. G7 / G20 ........................................................................................................................... 192
6. Council of Europe (CoE) ................................................................................................. 193
7. Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe ................................................... 193
D. Support to Democracy, human rights, international humanitarian law and the rule of law .... 1971. Promotion of human rights, international humanitarian law, democracy and the rule of
law 1972. Human rights throughout EU policy ................................................................................ 198
3. Implementing EU human rights priorities ....................................................................... 200
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EN4. Human rights in all external policies ............................................................................... 206
5. Democracy and the rule of law ........................................................................................ 209
6. Promoting universality, working at multilateral and regional levels ............................... 210
E. Comprehensive Approach, Conflict Prevention, Mediation and Crisis Response .................. 2111. Comprehensive Approach ................................................................................................ 211
2. Conflict prevention and mediation ................................................................................... 212
3. Crisis response and operational coordination .................................................................. 214
F. Common Security and Defence Policy ................................................................................ 215
1. More capable .................................................................................................................... 215
1.1. Capabilities ............................................................................................................... 217
1.1.1. Civilian capabilities ............................................................................................ 218
1.1.2. Military capabilities ............................................................................................ 219
1.1.3. EU Satellite Centre ............................................................................................. 221
1.2. Lessons learned and training .................................................................................... 222
1.2.1. Lessons learned ................................................................................................... 222
1.2.2. Training and exercises ........................................................................................ 223
1.3. Concepts for CSDP activities ................................................................................... 226
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EN2. More effective .................................................................................................................. 228
2.1. Partnerships .............................................................................................................. 228
2.2. Battlegroups and rapid response ............................................................................... 232
3. More coherent .................................................................................................................. 232
3.1. Link between internal and external security ............................................................. 232
3.2. Civilian-military synergies ....................................................................................... 234
1. Neighbourhood................................................................................................................. 235
2. Europe and Central Asia .................................................................................................. 242
3. Africa ............................................................................................................................... 245
4. Americas .......................................................................................................................... 247
5. Asia-Pacific ...................................................................................................................... 250
6. International Security ....................................................................................................... 255
7. Human Rights and Democracy ........................................................................................ 260
8. Global Issues .................................................................................................................... 261
Annex I: Overview of legal acts in the CFSP area (restrictive measures) 2014 .......................... 264
Annex II: Appearances befo
re the European Parliament in 2014 ................................................ 2751. Appearances of the High Representative/Vice-President before the European Parliament
in 2014 ...................................................................................................................................... 275
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EN2. Appearances on behalf of the High Representative/Vice-President before the European
Parliament in 2014
.................................................................................................................... 276
3. Appearances of Senior EEAS Representatives before the European Parliament in 2014
and Exchanges of views with newly appointed Heads of Delegation ...................................... 281Annex III: Statements and Declarations ....................................................................................... 288
Annex IV: CFSP budget 2014
...................................................................................................... 291
Annex V: Assessment of coordination and complementarity of CFSP with the EU's other externalfinancial instruments .................................................................................................................... 295
11083/15 MF/agi 15
DG C 1
ENPART I: LOOKING BACK AT 2014
INTRODUCTION
2014 was a decisive year for the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).
Armed conflict, destruction and the loss of human lives in the European Union's neighbourhood called for swift and determined action and demonstrated the need for a truly united EuropeanCommon Foreign and Security Policy.
Over the past year the EU used the entire range of its tools - CFSP and non-CFSP - to respond to these challenges, to tackle them in an integrated way and to alleviate their impact on the countries concerned as well as on Europe. The broader global changes driving the numerous and simultaneous crises we faced also highlight the need to forge a long -term strategy for the EU's external action. In order to reflect this comprehensive approach, this report includes, when appropriate, references to non -CFSP policies and instruments, such as development cooperation, trade and humanitarian aid.2014 saw a new leadership take office, which dedicated itself to even greater coordination between
the European External Action Service, the European Commission services and Member States to maintain a global reach for the EU in supporting peace, democracy, the rule of law and human rights. Throughout the year, the EU coupled diplomacy with new and existing Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions on the ground, humanitarian intervention in areas hit by crisis and development aid for those in need. We also worked closely with international, regional and local partners.11083/15 MF/agi 16
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EN The EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy contributes to global peace and security in a number of ways. First, the EU is directly involved in and in some cases leadsquotesdbs_dbs32.pdfusesText_38
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