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2020ResearchTrafficking in protected species

World Wildlife Crime Report

UNITED NATIONS

New York, 2020

World Wildlife Crime Report

Traf?cking in protected species

2020

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME

Vienna

© United N ations, May 2020. All rights reserved, worldwide.

ISBN: 978-92-1-148349-9

eISBN: 978-92-1-005225-2

United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.20.XI.8

is publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educationalor non-prot purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made.

Suggested citation: UNODC,

World Wildlife Crime Report 2020:

Tracking in Protected Species

Comments on the report are welcome and can be sent to: unodcrab@un.org

DISCLAIMER

?e content of this publication does not necessarily reect the views or policies of UNODC, Member States or contributory organizations, and nor does it imply any endorsement. ?e designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ?is publication has not been formally edited.

Photo source: Introduction (p.

29) ©

A dobeStock, rosewood (p.

37) ©

iS tockphoto, elephant (p.

47) ©

L ucas Metz (unsplash), rhino (p.

60) ©

F abrizio Frigeni (unsplash), pangolin (p.

65) ©

W ildlife Reserves Singapore, reptiles (p.

73) ©

S teven HWG (unsplash), big cats (p.

79) ©

Clo vis Wood (unsplash), eels (p.

93) ©

iS tockphoto, value chains (p.

107) ©

iS tockphoto 3

Preface

e heedless exploitation of nature by humans has led to unprecedented biodiversity loss and a worsening climate crisis. It is also a threat to human health, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pan demic. ree-quarters of all emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, accord- ing to the United Nations Environment

Programme, transferred from animals to

humans, facilitated by environmental destruction and wildlife crime.

Links between the global health crisis

and the illegal exploitation of wildlife have been in the spotlight since it was suggested that wet markets selling wild- life, in this case pangolins, could have facilitated the transfer of COVID-19 to humans. e spike in public awareness of this connection has led to a push for new bans on the sale of wild animals for consumption.

It is against this backdrop that the

second edition of the World Wild- life Crime Report is published by the

United Nations Oce on Drugs and

Crime (UNODC).

e report shows wildlife crime to be a business that is global; lucrative, with high demand driving high prices; and extremely widespread. Nearly 6,000 dif- ferent species of fauna and ora have been seized between 1999 and 2018, with nearly every country in the world playing a role in the illicit wildlife trade. e need to stop wildlife tracking has gained an increasingly prominent place on the political agenda over the past years. Since the publication of

UNODC"s rst World Wildlife Crime

Report in 2016, regulation has increased

for several wildlife markets, including that for pangolin products.

International trade in all pangolin

species is now banned. Despite this, growing volumes are being seized each year. e present edition of the World

Wildlife Crime Report shows that

between 2014 and 2018, seizures of pangolin scales increased tenfold.

Such developments point to the many

challenges which Governments face in preventing and countering wildlife and forest crime. e present report shows that regu- lations on wildlife crime can trigger replacement eects, for example, geo- graphic displacement of trade exploiting legislative gaps between countries, or a shift from protected to alternative species. Robust research and analysis, as well as consistent legislation within countries and across regions are essen tial to eliminate loopholes. Identifying and addressing the vulnerabilities of legal markets to inltration by the illicit trade is also key to strengthening the global regulatory system. Public awareness of the scale and impact of the threats posed by wildlife crime can help reduce demand for products of the illegal wildlife trade and increase support for action.

Building upon UNODC"s research

and analysis work, the Oce"s Global

Programme for Combating Wild-

life and Forest Crime provides policy guidance and technical assistance to requesting countries. UNODC draws upon its role as guardian of the United

Nations Convention against Trans-

national Organized Crime and the U nited Nations Convention against

Corruption to build the capacities of

law enforcement and criminal justice institutions, and support the commu- nities impacted by wildlife crime.

Putting an end to wildlife crime is an

essential part of building back better from the COVID-19 crisis. As we pre pare the road to recovery, we have the chance to reset our relationship with nature and lay the foundations of a more just and more resilient world - working together to eliminate wildlife tracking, prevent future pandemics and put us back on track towards the

Sustainable Development Goals. I hope

that the second edition of the UNODC

World Wildlife Crime Report will be

a useful resource to all our stakehold- ers, contributing to new and sustained action that can close gaps in awareness, knowledge, legislation, and resources - for the sake of people and planet.

Ghada Waly

Executive Director

United Nations

Oce on Drugs and Crime

5

Table of contents

Preface

3 T able of Contents 5 A cknowledgements 6

Glossary

7

Summary and overview 9

Policy implications 19

Chapter 1: Introduction 29

Chapter 2: Rosewood timber 37

Chapter 3: African elephant tusks and rhinoceros horns 47

Chapter 4: Pangolin scales 65

Chapter 5: Live reptiles 73

Chapter 6: Big cats 79

Chapter 7: European glass eels 93

Chapter 8: Value chains and illicit ?inancial ?lows from the trade in ivory and rhinoceros horn 107

Acknowledgements

e World Wildlife Crime Report was prepared by the Research and Trend Analysis Branch, Division for Policy Analysis and Public Aairs, United Nations Oce on Drugs and Crime, under the supervision of Jean-Luc Lemahieu, Director of the Division for Policy Analysis and Public Aairs, and Angela Me,

Chief of the Research and Trend Analysis Branch.

Content o

verview

Kristiina Kangaspunta

Angela Me

Anja Korenblik

Analysis and drafting

Ted Leggett

Julie Viollaz

Irmgard Zeiler

Tanya Shadbolt

Data management

Enrico Bisogno

Diana Camerini

Francesca Rosa

Lisa Weijler

ematic research experts contributing to the report

Ekane Humphrey Anoah (pangolins)

Tanawat Likitkererat (World WISE)

James Liu (reptiles, tiger)

Rowan Martin (ivory)

Frances Maplesden (rosewood)

Joao Salguiero (ivory, pangolin)

Rebeca Sandoval (pangolins)

quotesdbs_dbs46.pdfusesText_46

[PDF] le rat et l'éléphant plan détaillé

[PDF] le rat qui s'est retiré du monde contexte historique

[PDF] le rat qui s'est retiré du monde date

[PDF] le rat qui s'est retiré du monde figure de style

[PDF] le rat qui s'est retiré du monde registre

[PDF] le rat qui s'est retiré du monde texte

[PDF] le rayon d'un cercle

[PDF] le rayon d'un electron

[PDF] Le rayon de la terre est d'environ 6370 3ème

[PDF] Le rayon du cercle inscrit

[PDF] Le Rayonnement

[PDF] Le rayonnement de lunion europeenne dans le monde

[PDF] le rayonnement du corps noir

[PDF] LE RAYONNEMENT SOLAIRE

[PDF] le realisme