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A Quarterly of Criticism and Review Autumn 2008 $19

Canadia

n Literature

Literature 198

canada and its discontents

Canada and Its Discontents

Brian Johnson

Simulacra and Stimulations: Cocksure, Postmodernism, and Richler"s Phallic Hero 12

Stephen Dunning

What Would Sam Waters Do? Guy Vanderhaeghe

and Søren Kierkegaard 29

Sophie Bastien

Les grandes marées, dans le roman de Jacques Poulin : phénomène naturel ou courant culturel ? 48

Jenny Kerber

Monocultures, Monopolies, and Militarism:

?e Environmental Legacy of "Greater Production" in Robert Stead"s Grain 58 Articles

Canadian Literature / Littérature canadienne

A Quarterly of Criticism and Review

Number 198, Autumn 2008, Canada and Its Discontents Published by ?e University of British Columbia, Vancouver

Editor: Margery Fee

Associate Editors: Laura Moss (Reviews), Glenn Deer (Acting Editor), Larissa Lai (Poetry), Réjean Beaudoin (Francophone Writing), Judy Brown (Reviews) Past Editors: George Woodcock (1959-1977), W.H. New (1977-1995),

Janice Fiamengo University of Ottawa

Carole Gerson Simon Fraser University

Coral Ann Howells University of Reading

Smaro Kamboureli University of Guelph

Jon Kertzer University of Calgary

Ric Knowles University of Guelph

Neil ten Kortenaar University of Toronto

Louise Ladouceur University of Alberta

Patricia Merivale University of British Columbia

Judit Molnár University of Debrecen

Maureen Moynagh St. Francis Xavier University

Ian Rae McGill University

Roxanne Rimstead Université de Sherbrooke

Patricia Smart Carleton University

David Staines University of Ottawa

David Williams University of Manitoba

Mark Williams

Victoria University, New Zealand Editorial

Glenn Deer

Canada and Its Discontents 6

Authors Reviewed

Caroline Adderson 178

Gail Anderson-Dargatz 179

Joanne Arnott 108

Georges Arsenault 160

Brian Bartlett 118

Marcel Bénéteau 133

David Bezmozgis 178

Michel Biron 102

bill bissett 151

Gérard Bouchard 103

Hedi Bouraoui 166

Randy Boyagoda 106

Dionne Brand 178

Laura Brandon 107

Carol Bruneau 129

Ken Cameron 138

Roseanne Carrara 108

Claire Carmichael 124

Joseph-Médard Carrière 133

Benoît Cazabon 110

Norman Cheadle 111

Anne Élaine Cliche 112

Douglas Coupland 114

Marie-Danielle Croteau 115

Rienzi Crusz 117

Cyril Dabydeen 106

Michael DeBeyer 118

Donald Deschênes 133

Christopher Dewdney 120

Baba Wagué Diakité 165

Sean Dixon 140

Farzana Doctor 121

Don Domanski 118, 123

Lois Donovan 124

François Dumont 102

Wallace Edwards 142

Shelley Falconer 142

Janice Fiamengo 126

R. Douglas Francis 127

Christiane Frenette 129

Yves Frenette 130

Gayle Friesen 137

Patrick Friesen 120

Jeanne Gagnon 163

Gale Zoë Garnett 121

Larry Gaudet 131

Claude Gonthier 133

Lorna Goodison 134

Fyre Jean Graveline 176

Rainier Grutman 143

Don Hannah 137

Nigel Hamilton 136

Mike Harcourt 138

Freda Jackson 140

Pierre Jasmin 163

Karl E. Jirgens 120

Sean Johnston 127

Pierre Karch 160

Lionel Kearns 151

Kate Kennedy 118

Barbara Kingscote 180

Poems

Alan Hill 11

Tammy Armstrong 28

John Barton 46Vincent Charles Lambert 57Paul Huebener 74Aaron Giovannone 90

Amelia DeFalco

"And then -": Narratve Identity and Uncanny Aging in ?e Stone Angel 75

Benjamin Lefebvre

Agency, Belonging, Citizenship: ?e ABCs of

Nation-Building in Contemporary Canadian Texts

for Adolescents 91

Articles, continued

Books in Review

Forthcoming book reviews are available at http://www.canlit.ca

Chris Kitzan 127

Barbara Wyn Klunder 142

Robert Kroetsch 169

Dominique Lafon 143

Martine-Emmanuelle

Lapointe 102

Iain Lawrence 172

John Lent 169

Jorge Luján 165

Bruce MacDonald 182

Ange-Émile Maheu 133

Carol Malyon 169

Marcel Martel 130

Klaus Martens 144

Micheline Maylor 117

Teresa McWhirter 146

Bernard Meney 133

Ameen Merchant 147

Madeleine Monette 149

Bernice Morgan 149

Garry ?omas Morse 151

Claire Mulligan 152

Leilah Nadir 153

Élisabeth Nardout-Lafarge 102

Elaine Kalman Naves 154

Max Nemni 156

Monique Nemni 156

Donna Bailey Nurse 158

Marcel Olscamp 143

Mariel O"Neill-Karch 160

Tom Osborne 114

Pierre Ouellet 162

Michel Ouellette 161

P.K. Page 162

Curtis Parkinson 173

Christopher Patton 142

Lucien Pelletier 111

Jean E. Pendziwol 115

Clermont Pépin 163

Korbla P. Puplampu 158

Elizabeth Quan 165

Ali Reguigui 166

Shane Rhodes 120

François Ricard 167

David Adams Richards 169

Patricia Robertson 121

Sandra Rompré-Deschênes 171

Sean Rossiter 138

Alain Roy 103

Bonnie Rozanski 172

Peggy Scho?eld 138

Richard Scrimger 173Nathan Sellyn 146Glen Sorestad 175Robert M. Stamp 175Andrew Steeves 118Blair Stonechild 176Daniel St-Onge 171Andrew Suknaski 175Drew Hayden Taylor 172Wisdom J. Tettey 158Natalia Toledo 115Robert Vigneault 143Irene N. Watts 173Shawna White 142Zoe Whittal 146Gillian Wigmore 108Dawn P. Williams 134John Willis 130Carol Windley 178Eric Wright 179Harrison Wright 180Cybèle Young 142Phyllis Brett Young 182

Reviewers

Bert Almon 118

Heinz Antor 126

Anderson Araujo 117

Réjean Beaudoin 103

?ierry Bissonnette 162

Juliane Okot Bitek 106

Sarika P. Bose 142

Robert Budde 108

Alison Calder 144

Rebecca Campbell 107

Adeline Caute 171

Melanie E. Collado 143

Pénélope Cormier 160

Karen Crossley 165

Natasha Dagenais 111

Heidi Darroch 178

Emir Delic 133

Adam Dickinson 120

Stephanie Dickison 180

George Egerton 156

Louise Frappier 102

Jennifer Fraser 137

Julie Gaudreault 149

Sudeep Ghosh 147

Marlene Goldman 179

Rick Gooding 173

Beverley Haun 129

Stéphane Inkel 112

Canadian Literature, a peer-reviewed journal, welcomes original, unpublished submissions of articles, interviews, and other commentaries relating to writers and writing in Canada, and of previously unpublished poems by Canadian writers. ?e journal does not publish ?ction. Articles of approximately 6500 words (including Notes and Works Cited), double spaced, in 12-point font size, should be submitted in triplicate, with the author"s name deleted from two copies, and addressed to ?e Editor, Canadian Literature, ?e University of British Columbia, Buchanan E158, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1. Submissions should include a brief biographical note (50 words), an abstract (150 words), and a self-addressed return envelope, either with Canadian stamps or accompanied by International Postal Reply Coupons. Submissions without SASE cannot be returned. Articles should follow MLA guidelines for bibliographic format. All works accepted for publication must also be available electronically. Canadian Literature, revue universitaire avec comités d"évaluation, reçoit des soumissions originales d"articles, d"entrevues et autres commentaires inédits portant sur les écrivains du Canada et sur leurs oeuvres, de même que des poèmes inédits d"auteurs canadiens.

La revue ne publie aucune ?ction narrative.

Les manuscrits, d"une longueur approximative de 6500 mots, doivent être soumis en trois exemplaires (dont deux anonymisés), adressés au directeur de Canadian Literature, ?e University of British Columbia, Buchanan E158, 1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, C.-B., Canada V6T 1Z1, et accompagnés d"une note biographique (50 mots), d"un résumé (150 mots), et d"une enveloppe de retour pré-adressée et pré-a?ranchie (timbrée ou munie de coupons-réponse internationaux), sans quoi ils ne pourront être retournés à leurs auteurs. Les articles soumis doivent répondre aux exigences de forme bibliogra- phique dé?nies par la MLA. Tous les textes acceptés pour publication devront être fournis électroniquement.

Reviewers, continued

Suzanne James 172

Karl Jirgens 114

Maia Joseph 138, 182

Kathleen Kellett-Betsos 166

Catherine Lefrançois 163

Louis Patrick Leroux 161

Jodi Lundgren 121

Ursula Mathis-Moser 130

Sam McKegney 176

Cynthia Messenger 162

Paul Milton 123

Kate Morris 143

Maureen Moynagh 158

A. Mary Murphy 136

Owen Percy 169

?erí Alyce Pickens 153

Fiona Polack 149

Ryan Porter 127

Meredith Quartermain 151

Neil Querengesser 175

Wendy Roy 152

Robert ?acker 154

Hilary Turner 115

Christian Vandendorpe 167

Katherine Verhagen 134

Cécile B. Vigouroux 110

J.A. Wainwright 131

Andrea Wasylow 140

J.R. Wytenbroek 124

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Canadian Literature 198 / Autumn 20086

I keep George Elliott Clarke"s declamatory Blue at my elbow on my desk as a defense against the complacencies of the news of the day, that lulling sound sung in our ears by the editorialists and ?nancial pundits, who tell us to deal with the withering of the markets by smiling and putting on a happy face: "Let your poems, this culture, incriminate," proclaims Clarke. While the globe swirls in economic turmoil, Canadians cannot a?ord to be smug about our ?nancial future, nor our publicly subsidized culture, nor believe that our in?ated international reputation as a space of utopian social contentment can be sustained by mere hopeful thinking. Here in Vancouver, the discontented gap between the a?uent and the impoverished homeless grows, even while the city prepares to put on its ?nest face for the international exposure of the 2010 Winter Olympics, an event that most Vancouverites will only be able to a?ord to watch from their televisions or computer screens. According to Adrian White, a British social psychologist at the University of Leicester, Canada is ranked amongst the most contented nations in the world. ?e colour coded World Map of Happiness (2007) devised by White graphically shows that Denmark, Switzerland, Austria, Iceland, the Bahamas, Finland, Sweden, Bhutan, Brunei, and Canada are the ten happiest nations in the world, and these nations are signi?cantly more content even than the global economic superpowers of the United States (ranked 23rd), Germany (35th), France (62nd), and China (82nd). ?e three most discontented coun- tries according to White"s survey are the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe, and Burundi. Such measurements of "subjective well-being,"

Canada and Its Discontents

Glenn Deer

Editorial

Make every lyric a work of treason,

A criminal"s code, an arsonist"s song.

Genius is hideous, degenerate:

Let your poems, this culture, incriminate.

-George Elliott Clarke, "To X.X," from Blue (40)

Canadian Literature 198 / Autumn 20087

based on questionnaires answered by 45,555 people around the globe, re9ect the respondents" satisfaction with health care, housing, and education, and such indicators favour relatively aCanadian Literature 198 / Autumn 20088

Editorial

of Happiness (2006) reminds us that the contemporary belief that we are entitled to happiness-or that unhappiness is a malady to be remedied by an array of counsellors or self-help books-would be regarded as naïve and bound for disappointment by earlier civilizations. ?e classical Greek under- standing of happiness, eudaimonia (good + spirit), "has deep roots in the soil of chance" (11), and respects the powers of fate, the whims of the gods, or the happenstance that makes or mars our fortunes. Early Western culture accepted that happiness was determined by good luck, that human beings are quite helpless in controlling felicitous outcomes, and the Middle English term "hap" (luck) is etymologically embedded in our own understanding of happiness. In McMahon"s fascinating history of continuously evolving Western thought on the nature of happiness, a radical break occurs with this fatalistic view during the Enlightenment, a break that is famously re?ected in the new individual liberties that are regarded as self-evident truths and "unalienable" rights in the 1776 American Declaration of Independence: that citizens have the right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." ?e rapture of this pursuit has recently been echoed again across the US border where many Canadians gaze with envy at a renewed American presidency, whose passionate oratory evokes the possibility of recovering happiness, however it might be de?ned, in troubled economic times: "Yes, we can," asserts Barack Obama. Meanwhile, in the chillier northern half of the continent, with a minority government, and a discontented and divided elec- torate, Canadians contemplate more uncertain coalitional prospects for the future. Many are thinking less of the grander possibilities of happiness, and are humbly willing to settle for what appeared in our 1867 Constitution Act as the subsistence contentment of "Peace, Order, and Good Government." Our lot today seems rather hapless, but there is nothing like a zesty ban- quet of studied vituperation to spur the mind out of the mire of passive melancholy. If we cannot abide the state of the house, then kick against the pricks. Certainly the essays in this issue show that Canadian literary dis- content has been simmering quite nicely in the shadow of (post)modernity. Mark Johnson"s article on Richler"s Cocksure challenges previous assess- ments of a book that both scandalized and delighted many with its satiric obscenities. Reinhold Kramer, in his recent scholarly biography of Richler, Mordecai Richler: Leaving St. Urbain, precisely pinpoints the skill of Richler"s critical "counterblast" (203), yet in novels like Cocksure, the author is "divided" between an avant-garde "meta?ctionally playful, boundary- testing, hip" form and a "moralizing" stance that shows the "pitfalls of the

Canadian Literature 198 / Autumn 20089

29?5"s freedoms" (298). Mark Johnson astutely confronts the contradictory

logic of Richler"s discontent, arguing that Cocksure is a melancholy allegory of "the political subject in postmodernism," and that Richler anticipates the critique of the postmodern "depthlessness" and the "subject"s immersion in mediascapes and arti?cial environments," a critique that is later echoed in the cultural interventions of Fredric Jameson and Jean Baudrillard. Richler"s discontent with the empty, simulated arti?ce of postmodern environments does not place the author, however, above the target of his discontent: While Richler is the critic of the contemporary image-making machineries, he is also subjected to his own critique. Discontent thus turns its venom against itself. Such narrative self-denigration is also evident in the Kierkegaardian ironist, the character of Ed, who is the focus of Stephen Dunning"s discus- sion of Guy Vanderhaeghe"s "Man Descending," and My Present Age. As Dunning demonstrates, Ed denounces the contemporary world, and "the culture"s unconscious spiritual bankruptcy and despair have come to brief consciousness," yet Ed has not yet moved beyond the despair of his discon- tent, nor realized a possible remedy in the example of "the elusive person of Bill Sadler, the placard-wielding, religious ethicist who alone escapes narra-quotesdbs_dbs46.pdfusesText_46

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