Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes PDF

Chapter 7: Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

Reagent: HgSO4/H2SO4/H2O. • You need a Hg catalyst for terminal alkyne hydration. • This reaction adds an OH with Markovnikov regioselectivity to form an enol.

Summary of Alkene Reactions Ch. 8. Memorize Reaction

Alcohols can function in the same way that water does resulting in an ether OR rather than alcohol OH. Page 6. Chem 350 Jasperse Ch. 8 Handouts. 6. 10.

PRACTICE EXERCISE – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I Alkynes

Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

H2SO4. Page 22. CHAPTER 5 Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes. 150. Because hydrogen Yet when treated with H2O H2SO4

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I – PRACTICE EXERCISE Alkene reactions

35) Which of the following is the best reaction sequence to accomplish a Markovnikov addition of water to H2SO4. (acid-cat. E1). 1) Hg(OAc)2 / H2O. 2) NaBH4.

Chapter 3 Alcohols Phenols

https://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/index_2353/Chapter_03_2SPP.pdf

A hypothesis for growth of fresh atmospheric nuclei

the reaction of alkenes and sulfuric acid–addition of water and addition of J. H. Seinfeld Ternary nucleation of H2SO4

Pre-Lab: #5 Title: Dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol. Introduction

Heading: Alkenes: Preparation Reactions and Properties. Name: Susan W. Mburu H +H2O. (cis / trans) 2-methylcyclohexanol acid. 3-methylcyclohexene water. CH3.

Identifying an Unknown Compound by Solubility Functional Group

Water-insoluble compounds that are insoluble in 5% HCl are tested with concentrated sulfuric acid. (H2SO4). Virtually all organic compounds containing alkene

Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

+H2O. H2SO4. 3. CH3. OH. See problems 5.19 5.20

Summary of Alkene Reactions Ch. 8. Memorize Reaction

Summary of Alkene Reactions Ch. 8. Alkene Synthesis and Reactions. ... -H2O. HSO4. + H2SO4. Protonation. Elimination. Deprotonation.

PRACTICE EXERCISE – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I Alkynes

19) Provide the structure of the major organic product(s) in the reaction below. C CH. HgSO4. H2SO4 H2O. 20) Provide the structure of the major organic

Practice Set Answer Keys Organic Chemistry I Table of Contents

Test 3 PS3: Test 3 Alkene Reactions Practice H-Cl H2SO4. 102. 2. Hydronium. H3O+

CHEM 109A CLAS Alkenes and Reactions of Alkenes - KEY 1

trans-3-methyl-pent-2-ene. H. I d. 1-methylcyclopentene. H. Cl. 1-methylcyclopentene. H. Cl. H. Cl-. H. Cl e. 2-butene. H2O. H2SO4. Page 1 of 6

Chapter 7: Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

Reagent: HgSO4/H2SO4/H2O. • You need a Hg catalyst for terminal alkyne hydration. • This reaction adds an OH with Markovnikov regioselectivity to form an enol.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I – PRACTICE EXERCISE Elimination

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I – PRACTICE EXERCISE. Elimination Reactions and Alkene Synthesis or H2O. 4). + H3O. + or H2SO4. 26). 27). 28) Triethylamine.

Chapter 6: Reactions of Alkenes: Addition Reactions 6.1

6.1: Hydrogenation of Alkenes – addition of H-H (H2) to the ?-bond of alkenes to afford + H2O. H2SO4. How is the position of the equilibrium controlled?

Chapter 3 Alcohols Phenols

https://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/index_2353/Chapter_03_2SPP.pdf

Acid catalyzed reactions you should be able to write arrow-pushing

(-H2O). OH. OH. OTs. H. (-H2O). O. O. O. OH. O. OTs. H. O. O. H2SO4 / H2O (A Lewis or Bronsted acid = E+ = strong the acidity drives the reaction).

Reactions

of Alkenes and Alkynes

5.1 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Alkenes?

5.2 What Is a Reaction Mechanism?

5.3 What Are the Mechanisms of Electrophilic Additions

to Alkenes?

5.4 What Are Carbocation Rearrangements?

5.5 What Is Hydroboration...Oxidation of an Alkene?

5.6 How Can an Alkene Be Reduced to an Alkane?

5.7 How Can an Acetylide Anion Be Used to Create

a New Carbon...Carbon Bond? 5.8 How Can Alkynes Be Reduced to Alkenes and

Alkanes?

HOW TO

5.1

How to Draw Mechanisms

CHEMICAL CONNECTIONS

5A Catalytic Cracking and the Importance of Alkenes

IN THIS CHAPTER, we begin our systematic study of organic reactions and their mecha- nisms. Reaction mechanisms are step-by-step descriptions of how reactions proceed and are one of the most important unifying concepts in organic chemistry. We use the reactions of alkenes as the vehicle to introduce this concept. 129

KEY QUESTIONS

Polyethylene is the most widely used plastic, making up items such as packing foam, plastic bottles, and plastic utensils (top: © Jon Larson/iStockphoto; middle: GNL Media/Digital Vision/Getty Images, Inc.; bottom: © Lakhesis/iStockphoto).

Inset: A model of ethylene.

CHAPTER 5 Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes130

From the perspective of the chemical industry, the single most important reaction of ethylene and other low-molecular-weight alkenes is the production of chain-growth polymers (Greek: poly, many, and meros, part). In the presence of certain catalysts called initiators, many alkenes form polymers by the addition of monomers (Greek: mono, one, and meros, part) to a growing polymer chain, as illustrated by the formation of polyethylene from ethylene: nCH 2 CH 2 initiator J(CH 2 CH 2 J) n In alkene polymers of industrial and commercial importance, n is a large number, typically several thousand. We discuss this alkene reaction in Chapter 16.

5.2 What Is a Reaction Mechanism?

A reaction mechanism describes in detail how a chemical reaction occurs. It describes which bonds break and which new ones form, as well as the order and relative rates of the various bond-breaking and bond-forming steps. If the reaction takes place in solution, the reaction mechanism describes the role of the solvent; if the reaction involves a catalyst, the reaction mechanism describes the role of the catalyst.

A. Energy Diagrams and Transition States

To understand the relationship between a chemical reaction and energy, think of a chemical bond as a spring. As a spring is stretched from its resting position, its energy increases. As

Reaction mechanism A

step-by-step description of how a chemical reaction occurs.

5.1 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Alkenes?

The most characteristic reaction of alkenes is addition to the carbon-carbon double bond in such a way that the pi bond is broken and, in its place, sigma bonds are formed to two new atoms or groups of atoms. Several examples of reactions at the carbon-carbon double bond are shown in Table 5.1, along with the descriptive name(s) associated with each.

TABLE 5.1 Characteristic Reactions of Alkenes

Reaction Descriptive Name(s)

Hydrochlorination

(hydrohalogenation) CCHX CC H Cl (X)

X Cl, Br, I

Hydration

CCH 2 O CC HOH

Bromination

(halogenation) CCX 2 CC Br (X)quotesdbs_dbs7.pdfusesText_5

[PDF] Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

Reactions

5.1 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Alkenes?

5.2 What Is a Reaction Mechanism?

5.3 What Are the Mechanisms of Electrophilic Additions

5.4 What Are Carbocation Rearrangements?

5.5 What Is Hydroboration...Oxidation of an Alkene?

5.6 How Can an Alkene Be Reduced to an Alkane?

5.7 How Can an Acetylide Anion Be Used to Create

Alkanes?

HOW TO

How to Draw Mechanisms

CHEMICAL CONNECTIONS

5A Catalytic Cracking and the Importance of Alkenes

KEY QUESTIONS

Inset: A model of ethylene.

CHAPTER 5 Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes130

5.2 What Is a Reaction Mechanism?

A. Energy Diagrams and Transition States

Reaction mechanism A

5.1 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Alkenes?

TABLE 5.1 Characteristic Reactions of Alkenes

Reaction Descriptive Name(s)

Hydrochlorination

X Cl, Br, I

Hydration

Bromination