[PDF] Unit 7 Conditional Sentences (Type 0-3)

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Unit 7 Conditional Sentences (Type 0-3)

Usage When we want to describe a situation that depends on something else, we can use a conditional. A conditional has two parts - an if-clause and a main clause. We talk about the situation or action in the if-clause and the result in the main clause. фIf you finish your homework,х ΀you can go out and play.΁

фif-clauseх ΀main clause΁

The if-clause can come before the main clause or after it. When we put the if-clause before the main clause, we use a comma to separate the clauses. If I eat too much, I feel sleepy. I feel sleepy if I eat too much.

Zero conditional ͬ Conditional Type 0

- Usage

We use Type 0 conditional to talk about

1. general truths

If we eat contaminated food, we become ill.

If we don͛t feel well, we see a doctor.

2. scientific facts

If we heat water to 100ΣC, it boils.

3. imperatiǀes

If you don͛t feel well, see a doctor.

- Form if-clause main clause (result clause) present simple present simple e.g. If you don͛t water plants, they die.

NotesΎΎ

We can also use when instead of if in Type 0 conditionals, particularly when we talk about things that are generally true or habitually happen. When there is a typhoon, most people stay at home. Sam͛s face turns red when he gets ǀery angry. Wheneǀer there is a typhoon, most people stay at home. 47

First conditional ͬ Conditional Type 1

- Usage We use Type 1 conditional to talk about things which may happen now or in the future. If it rains tomorrow morning, we will cancel the picnic. If you are hungry now, I will make you some pancakes. - Form if-clause main clause (result clause) present simple will н bare infinitiǀe e.g. If you want to read the book, I will lend it to you.

NotesΎΎ

— We use canͬmay in the main clause instead of will for permission.

If you need me, you can call me.

You may go if there is no other business to announce or discuss. — We use mayͬmightͬcould for possibility. If the No.3 typhoon signal is hoisted tomorrow morning, the ferry serǀices mayͬmightͬcould be suspended.

— We use canͬcould for ability.

If you work harder, you canͬcould get leǀel 4 or 5 in English. — We can use the present perfect or present continuous in the if-clause.

If it has stopped raining, we can go out now.

If you are haǀing meal now, I͛ll call you again later. — We can use should in the if-clause if we are less sure about a possibility. I don͛t think Cheryl is going to the party this eǀening, but if I should see her, I͛ll giǀe her a message. When we use should, we can omit if and begin the clause with should. Should I see her at the party, I͛ll giǀe her your message. — We can use would in the if-clause to make a reƋuest. 48
If you would wait a minute, I͛ll haǀe the present wrapped for you. (с if you wouldn͛t mind waitingͬif you could wait) — We use present simple tense in the if-clause when talking about the future. If you go to the book fair tomorrow, you may see the noǀelist.

She will be there promoting her new book.

Edžercise 1

Fill in each blank with the correct form of the ǀerb in brackets.

1. If you talk loudly, you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (wake up) the baby.

2. She ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (feel) unhappy if she does not get 90 in a test.

3. If plants get enough water and sunshine, they ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (grow) well.

4. You ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (win) the competition if you practise more.

5. If you do not listen to him, he ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (be) ǀery angry.

6. Things ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (catch) fire more easily if the weather is dry.

7. Katherine often ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (talk) Ƌuickly if she feels nerǀous.

8. If you go to a traǀel agent, you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (find) all the information you need.

9. If you haǀe a feǀer, you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (stay) in bed.

10. Ask him to wait if he ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (arriǀe) before I return.

11. I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (go) for a walk after lunch if the weather is good.

12. I don͛t think that I am coming to the party, but if I change my mind, I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ

(tell) you.

13. If we put the water into the freezer, it ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (turn) into ice.

14. If he ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (haǀe) a long holiday, he will fly to Paris.

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Second conditional ͬ Conditional Type 2

- Usage We use Type 2 conditional to talk about something which is not true or not real now or in the future (imaginary situations). If I had a car, I would take you for a ride around the city. (с I don͛t haǀe a car)

If he knew, we would ask him.

(с he doesn͛t know) - Form if-clause main clause (result clause) past simple would н bare infinitiǀe e.g. If I had time, I would help you. (с I͛m busy so I can͛t help you at the moment)

NotesΎΎ

— We can use the past continuous tense in the if-clause. (Situation͗ My uncle and aunt are taking me to Ocean Park tomorrow.) If I were not going with them, I would be glad to go with you. — We can use would н be н -ing for what could haǀe happened. If he were here now, we would be playing TV games. (с he͛s not here) — We always use were in the if-clause in formal writing and speech. If the weather were fine today, we͛d go to the beach. In less formal contedžts, we can use was with I, he, she, it, etc.

If I wasn͛t so tired, I͛d go out with you.

We often use if I were you to giǀe adǀice, and if you were me to ask for adǀice. If I were you, I͛d think twice before I accept.

If you were me, would you accept the offer͍

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Third conditional ͬ Conditional Type 3

- Usage We use Type 3 conditional to talk about something which did not happen in the past. (Situation͗ The weather suddenly turned bad yesterday.) If we had gone out, we would haǀe been caught in the heaǀy rain. (с we did not go out so we were not caught in the heaǀy rain) The third conditional is often used to edžpress regret. If I had inǀested in the company when I had the opportunity,

I would haǀe made a lot of money.

(с I didn͛t inǀest in the company and I didn͛t make a lot of money) - Form if-clause main clause (result clause) past perfect (had н p.p.) would н haǀe н past participle e.g. If we had taken the earlier bus, we would not haǀe been delayed. (с we didn͛t take the earlier bus so we were delayed by that)

NotesΎΎ

— We can use the past perfect continuous in the if-clause. (Situation͗ The teacher was speaking too fast.) If the teacher had been speaking slowly, we would haǀe written down all the notes. — We can use mightͬcould н haǀe н past participle in the main clause. If you had come earlier, you might haǀe seen him. If I had been told the time schedule, I could haǀe stopped him from speaking. — We can omit if and put had at the beginning of the clause. This is a formal structure and is more common in writing.

Had the goǀernment taken the opinions in time,

such problems would not haǀe occurred. 51

Edžercise 2

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words giǀen.

1. ͚If you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (notͬeat) so much, you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (notͬgain)

so much weight,͛ said Mike, laughing at his wife.

2. ͚You ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (not haǀe) your dinner tonight if you

ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (notͬapologise),͛ Mike͛s wife replied.

3. ͚If we ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (run) faster, we ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (be) able to get

on the bus.͛ Johnny said to May breathlessly when the bus left.

4. ͚You ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (be) much happier if you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (be) an

ordinary man,͛ said the princess to the King.

5. If I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (be) careful enough, I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (notͬget) hurt

during the handball competition. I only took part in the first 15 minutes͊

6. If Jack ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (put) some warmer clothes on yesterday, he

ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (notͬcatch) a cold today.

7. If I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (haǀe) children, I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (educate) them

wholeheartedly with my loǀe.

8. Be careful͊ If you ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (touch) that dog, it ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ

(bite) you.

9. I don͛t know the details of their plan. If I ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (do), I

ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (tell) you.

10. Last night Aledž ruined his sweater when he washed it. If he ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (read)

the label, he ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ (notͬwash) it in hot water.

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Other conditional edžpressions

unless (с if not) Unless we hurry, we͛ll miss our plane. (с If we don͛t hurry ͙) otherwise You must rest. Otherwise, you͛ll be tired. asͬso long as, proǀidedͬproǀiding that, on condition that You can borrow my camera as long asͬso long asͬproǀidedͬproǀiding thatͬon condition that you look after it carefully. eǀen ifͬthough She won͛t tell us, eǀen ifͬthough she knows. andͬor (else) Take your medication and you͛ll be better tomorrow.

Hurry up orͬor else you͛ll be late.

(Let͛s) suppose, supposing, imagine, what if Let͛s supposeͬSupposing it rained tomorrow. What would we do͍ Imagine you had a lot of money. What would you do with it͍ What if she told you the truth͍ Would you forgiǀe her͍ if it were not, if it hadn͛t been forͬ had it not been for If it were not for your help, I would not haǀe done so well. If it hadn͛t been forͬHad it not been for her, I would not haǀe done so well. without Without your help, I would haǀe struggled. if so, if not Do you want to read this noǀel͍ If so (с if you do), you can haǀe it.quotesdbs_dbs2.pdfusesText_2

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