[PDF] GEODESICS ON SURFACES BY VARIATIONAL CALCULUS J





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GEODESICS ON SURFACES BY VARIATIONAL CALCULUS J

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GEODESICS ON SURFACES BY VARIATIONAL CALCULUS

J Villanueva

Florida Memorial University

15800 NW 42nd Ave

Miami, FL 33054

jvillanu@fmuniv.edu

1. Introduction

1.1 The problem by variational calculus

1.2 The Euler-Lagrange equation

2. The geodesic problem: general formulation

3. Examples

3.1 Plane 3.2 Sphere

3.3 Right circular cylinder 3.4 Right circular cone

3.5 Hyperbolic paraboloid

4. Applications

4.1 Great circle distance between any two cities on the Earth

References:

1. Livio, M, 2005. The Equation that Couldn't be Solved. NY: Simon & Schuster.

2. Oprea, J, 1997. Differential Geometry. NJ: Prentice Hall.

3. Stewart, J, 2003. Multivariable Calculus. CA: Brooks/Cole Thomson.

4. Thomas, G, 1972. Calculus. NY: Addison Wesley.

5. Weinstock, R, 1974. Calculus of Variations. NY: Dover.

6. Wolfram Mathworld, Internet.

7. Wylie, CR, & LC Barnett, 1995. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. NY: McGraw-Hill.

Geodesics are curves of shortest distance on a given surface. Apart from their intrinsic interest, they are of practical importance in the transport of goods and passengers at minimal expense of time and energy. They are also of paramount importance as escape routes during flights. Finding geodesics can be accomplished using the methods of differential geometry. We will use instead the calculus of variation, which we have used before in solving the brachistochrone problem. The fundamental equation in the calculus of variations is the Euler-Lagrange equation: (1) డ௙

In differential calculus, we are looking for those values of ݔ which give some function ݂:T;its

maximum or minimum values. In the calculus of variation, we are seeking the function ݂ itself that makes some integral of ݂, satisfying certain conditions, a maximum or minimum. In the surface such that the distance between them is minimized. Thus, the problem is to find that integrand ݂ which minimizes the integral of the arcclength: (2) ܮ and, ௗ !quotesdbs_dbs4.pdfusesText_8
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