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tedbyChrisDiBona,Danese

MarkStoneWithaForewordbyKimPolese

THECONTINUING

EVOLUTION

OREILLY

opensources2.0 XX opensources2.0

EditedbyChrisDiBonaDaneseCooperMarkStone

IHECONTINUING

EVOLUTIONXXXX

OREILLY*

OpenSources2.0:TheContinuingEvolution

PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

ExecutiveEditor:MikeHendrickson

ProductionEditor:JamiePeppard

CoverDesigner:MikeKohnke

InteriorDesigner:MikeKohnke

PrintingHistory:

October2005:FirstEdition.

dressaretrademarksofOReillyMedia,Inc. orseeAppendixB. containedherein.

ISBN:0-596-00802-3

XX

TableofContents

Foreword:SourceIsEverythingix

KimPolese

Acknowledgmentsxiii

ListofContributorsxv

Introductionxxv

ChrisDiBona,DaneseCooper,andMarkStone

1.TheMozillaProject:PastandFuture3

MitchellBaker

ChrisDiBona

3.ATaleofTwoStandards37

JeremyAllison

4.OpenSourceandSecurity57

BenLaurie

5.DualLicensing71

MichaelOlson

IanMurdock

foraDisruptiveDevelopmentProcess103

MatthewN.Asay

inContext121

StephenR.Walli

9.OpenSourceandtheSmallEntrepreneur137

RussNelson

WendySeltzer

11.LibreSoftwareinEurope161

JesusM.Gonzalez-Barahona

GregorioRobles

12.OSSinIndia189

AlolitaSharmaand

RobertAdkins

13.WhenChinaDanceswithOSS197

Boon-LockYeo,LouisaLiu,andSunilSaxena

14.HowMuchFreedomDoYouWant?211

BrunoSouza

15.MakingaNewWorld231

DocSearls

16.TheOpenSourceParadigmShift253

TimOReilly

..273

PamelaJones

18.OpenSourceBiology281

AndrewHessel

19.EverythingIsKnown297

ugeneKim

LarrySanger

21.OpenBeyondSoftware339

SonaliK.Shah

22.PatternsofGovernanceinOpenSource361

StevenWeber

23.CommunicatingManytoMany373

JeffBatesandMarkStone

vixxTableofContents

SECTION3.Appendixes397

A.TheOpenSourceDefinition399

B.ReferencedOpenSourceLicenses401

C.ColumnsfromSlashdot417

Index...423

TableofContents**vn

XXXX

Foreword:SourceIsEverything

ingsoftware. mentalway,onopensourcesoftware. structureinsidelargeorganizations. andthatanyotherprogrammercanimprove. merlyNet-lessplacesallovertheworld. andmaturemarketplace. viacontinuouscoverageofthevendorwars. buildingmaterialsyouneed,andthensome.

Foreword:SourceIsEverything

cheaporfreeopensourcebuildingmaterials.

Asterisknowobsoletes.

ingmorenumerouseveryday. improvements.

Foreword:SourceIsEverything

AndImhardlyalone.

inglyubiquitousineverydaylife. thisindustry.

KIMPOLESE,CEO,SPIKESOURCE

xiiXForeword:SourceIsEverything XXXX

Acknowledgments

terFrannie.IloveyoumorethanIcansay. Xnil everydaythattherestofuscanonlytalkabout. xivXAcknowledgments

ListofContributors

canbefoundathttp://dibona.com. bereachedatradkins@technetra.com. xviXListofContributors sourcedidfortheserverworld. neeringmanagement. tionmanager,knownasChandler. cancerresearchandtherapeuticdevelopment. utetoapositiveoutcome. toryandsciencefromHarvardUniversity. xvinXListofContributors tionstatement.

PartyoftheUnitedStates.

iforniaatBerkeley.

ListofContributorsXxix

since1997. xx**ListofContributors

Technology,Delhi,in1975.

rati,Blogstreet,andothers.

ListofContributorsXxxi

ElectronicDataSystems.

xxii*CListofContributors knowledge-intensiveindustries.

ListofContributors**XXHI

XXXX

ChrisDiBona,DaneseCooper,

andMarkStone

Introduction

aheadandalineofheadlightsbehind. aboutanhouraway." lation30,000,giveortake." flashesthemabiggrin. XXV "WelcometoBurningMan! $1billionLinuxinitiative. hosted. xxvi**Introduction neededtofindanothervenue.

Bazaar.

IntroductionXxxvn

Sand."

XXVIII

enjoyatnight." "Whereareyouguysfrom?" "SanFrancisco."

FloatingWorld."

eventsincethefirstBurn.

RockCitycomesalive.

XXIX to"scratchtheirownitches." XXX

Introduction*

*xxxi meansofachievingsurvivalresources. xxxnXIntroduction pretexttohonestpragmatism.

Introduction*Cxxxm

companies. pursuingsimilarmodels. XXXIV side,opensourcedevelopment. xxxv sixtimesduringeachBurningManevent. stageperformances.Weddingsarecommon. mostis"freeasinspeech." xxxvi valueofthatwhichisstewarded. subtlerandmorepragmaticthing.

XXXVIHx>Introduction

theirownmailinglists. withsoftwaredevelopment.

Thesimplestelementsarethese:

competingordivergentinterests onlyscalablewaytotacklelargeproblems XXXIX sageandparticipationisthere. ceremonytobegin. willpermit. retrievethebottleandpullsoffthelid. attendantwavesthemdown. "Headingout?"askstheattendant. "Thisyourfirsttimehere?"

Welcometothetribe!"

XXXX

SECTION1

OpenSource:

Competitionand

Evolution

Nelson)

thehandsofbusinesseslargeandsmall. bCHAPTER1

MitchellBaker

TheMozillaProject:PastandFuture

andengineers)andindividualcontributors. thisarena.

BoldStepforManagement

gettherefromhere. *CTheMozillaProject:PastandFuture todotherightthing. weavoiditinothercontexts.

UpdatingtheCodebase

^CTheMozillaProject:PastandFuture

FirefoxinNovember2004).

*.*XX

ADisciplinedMethodology

Mozillaproducts,wetrack:

Whocheckeditin

Whenitwascheckedin(totheminute)

Whatproblemitwastryingtoaddress

Buildandoptionallogcomments

thosewithexpertise,andsoon.

BuildinganOpenSourceProject

**TheMozillaProject:PastandFuture reviewrequirementsarequitestringent. identifyingandshippingtherelease.

10x*TheMozillaProject:PastandFuture

ouslyexerciseddecision-makingpower. ingofaproductlikeawebbrowser. 11

YoungAdulthoodtheMozillaFoundation

distributeMozilla-basedtechnology. dentMozillaFoundation.

12XTheMozillaProject:PastandFuture

tialgroupof10employees.

YoungAdulthoodtheMozillaFoundation*C13

TheWorldWideWebisntfinished.

Browsersandemailclientsarentdoneyet.

Speedmatters.

Thesizeandscopeoftheprojectrequiresit.

chunkoftimetalkingwiththesegroups.

14XTheMozillaProject:PastandFuture

FirefoxandThunderbird

ApplicationSuite.

YoungAdulthoodtheMozillaFoundation*J15

uct,offeringfeaturesnewtomostusers.

IB**TheMozillaProject:PastandFuture

helptheirfriendsandfamilyswitch. mentthatFirefoxhasgenerated. approvedandshippedaspartofthe1.0release.

YoungAdulthoodtheMozillaFoundation

nity,andthepoweroftheInternet.

TheFuture

sumersandtothehealthoftheWebitself.

18XTheMozillaProject:PastandFuture

MozillaprojectintheMozillaFoundation.

focusedontheWebwillnotchange. 19 bCHAPTER2

ChrisDiBona

OpenSourceandProprietary

SoftwareDevelopment

ProprietaryVersusOpenSource?

1 becomehighlydispersedgeographically. different,andrevolutionary.

TheExampleCulture

librarieshave.2

Codereuse?Knowledgereuse!

NIHdevelopermisses.

project.

Speedofdevelopment

intoyourversioncontrolandbuildsystem. softwarewouldbeawasteoftime. thestorageproblemismine,fornow.

Aparticularlydifficultcodebase

whichrunsonaPowerPCprocessor.

ProprietaryVersusOpenSource?X23

entlibraryorchoosetomaintainitmyself. pettytoallbuttheprogrammersreadingthis.

Technicallyspeaking,this:

intmyfunction(inta) printf("MyFunction%d\n",a); isthesameasthis: intmyfunction(inta){ printf("MyFunction%d\n",a); whichisthesameasthis: andthis: intmyfunction(inta){ printf("MyFunction%d\n",a); youvebeentold.

Comfort

ButWhySoManyoftheSameThings?

25
theirdevices:compile,flash,andgo.

Libraries,SystemCalls,andWidgets

source. softwaredevelopmentproblems.

DistributedDevelopment

UnderstandingVersionControl

sincethelastcheck-in. theold,originalcards.

DistributedDevelopment*27

for(i=i;i<l;i++){ printf("HelloWorldVn"); andonelinkneedstobechangedto: for(i=l;i<100;i++){ wastingstorageonwhatismostlythesamedata. sourceprojectsuseisCVS. CVSquotesdbs_dbs47.pdfusesText_47

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