DECODER LES METAR
Décoder les METAR. Section Instruction – IVAOTM division France Un METAR (METeorological Airport Report) est un rapport d'observation (et non de ...
DECODER UN TAF
Décoder un TAF. Section Instruction – IVAOTM division France Une prévision d'aérodrome ou TAF (de l'anglais Terminal Aerodrome Forecast) est une ...
Conférence IVAO France Lexamen “Private Pilot”
Savoir utiliser les fonctions de récupération de METAR et TAF via l'interface. Liens utiles : Les principaux codes transpondeur utilisés sur IVAO.
ABREVIATION OACI
La liste suivante est conforme au document 8400 de l'OACI «Abréviations et Codes». Utilisez ces abréviations lorsque vous écrivez des documents pour IVAO
marine 08
Comment décoder les messages de prévision du temps : TAF ?................... 14 ... Par internet sur le monde entier : https://aviation.meteo.fr.
Documentation Contrôleur Débutant sur IVAO
http://www.ivao.fr/dep/controleurs/secteurs.html du METAR actif ... Inbound & Outbound : il faut mettre les codes OACI des aérodromes contrôlés dans les ...
AERODROME CONTROLLER (ADC) BRIEFING ET STANDARD D
IVAO Département Training – Division France https://www.ivao.fr/fr/pages/training/instruction ... Décoder METAR et TAF incluant les notions de RVR.
Guide aviation 2021
La réglementation applicable à Météo-France dans le domaine aéronautique à la fois en Comment décoder les messages de prévision du temps : TAF ?
AREA CONTROLLER CENTER (ACC) BRIEFING ET STANDARD D
IVAO Département Training – Division France Décoder METAR et TAF incluant les notions de RVR et les phénomènes météorologiques.
Manuel IVAO Skill Tracker - Version Française
(cette installation est automatique lors de l'installation d'IvAp pour FS9 et les données météorologiques (METAR) des terrains de départ et d'arrivée.
![Guide aviation 2021 Guide aviation 2021](https://pdfprof.com/Listes/16/14804-16guide_aviation.pdf.pdf.jpg)
Édition2011 / 2013
Aviation
LES GUIDES PRATIQUES METEO FRANCE
IPOOLNQM
t ia h o000000000000A
0000000000000000000000000000E
e tu .; 5.;;*0.;000000000000000000000037
00000000000000000000000000003B
P:88y9?vGu:vy=7y>aLXhly?7yu:vyhSfrK
000000005A
.; 25*0.; 0005E a u ! too h=sày a=I7y n@=t@7y9uyy?uê>sê77y8y9? aêA=sàyPy9v=y>A:7us9ê<@y>
pê>êtê7ê?G iéG9:8H9y>8s=ê?ê8y> iéG9:8H9y>8:9?sà9y g@sày>LG=:7:àêyy?u:9Ayu?ê:9
luo eyCê<@yvy>u:vy>:@su=:9D8y> nst7ys@Cvyu:9Ay=>ê:9 -2<276 B>:2.:6?LMCIH V DIOL >? Fl;G?H>?G?HN ID eHH?R? B =IHP?HNCIH éegr
i oa vt,; #IHP?HNCIH L?F;NCP? V Fv!PC;NCIH #CPCF? )HN?LH;NCIH;F? =IHHO? ;OMMC MIOM F? HIG >? #IHP?HNCIH >? #BC=;AI
; CHMN;OLY Fv *G<6C>H6I>DC 9: AaK>6I>DC >K>A: $CI:GC6I>DC6A:/!#) OH? ;A?H=? MJY=C;FCMY? >?M .;NCIHM 5HC?MKOC ?MN =B;LAY? >? F; =IIL>CH;NCIH ?N >? F; LYAF?G?HN;NCIH >? F; H;PCA;NCIH ;YLC?HH? CHN?LH;NCIH;F? ,;
=IHP?HNCIH YN;
MY=OLCNY ?N JLY=CM? F?M >LICNM ?N >?PICLM >?M J;SM MCAH;N;CL?M ?H G;NCZL? >? >LICN ;YLC?H L?F;NC@ ;O NL;HMJILN
CHN?LH;NCIH;F
>HEDH>I>DCH 6EEA>867A:H Q E6GI>G 9: CDK:B7G: uu MOJJL?MMCIH >? .$6 .I $CL?=NCIH 6CMCGI>C@C=;NCIH >O FC? JCMN? JIOL F; MCAH;FCM;NCIH >O =CM;CFF?G?HN >? P?HN >;HM F? -%4!2 73 279RR
>?PC?HN 73 2RR >HEDH>I>DCH B>H:H :C EA68: 8DJG6CI u ;DION >? HIOP?;OR HCP?;OR ?N >? HIOP?FF?M Y=BY;H=?M MOL F?M =;LN?M 7).4%- ,?M ;ONL?M >CMJIMCNCIHM MIHN N?=BHCKO?M ?N GCM?M ?H JF;=? ?H CHN?LH? V -YNYI &L;H=? #? AOC>? J?LG?N >? =IGGOHCKO?L ;O JCFIN? F?M L?HM?CAH?G?HNM ?MM?HNC?FM MOL F; JLI>O=NCIH >? -YNYI &L;H=? V>?MNCH;NCIH >? Fv;YLIH;ONCKO? ?N F?M GIS?HM >? FvCHN?LJLYN?L )F H? M? MO
?H F; G;NCZL? >YN;CFM FC?HM ?N LY@YL?H=?M
F?M GI>C@C=;NCIHM CGJIMY?M JIOL F; GCM? ?H ;JJFC=;NCIH >? Fl;G?H>?G?HN >? Fl;HH?R? >? F; =IHP?HNCIH /!#)
UA1=?5>>1819?
"J>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: (TITDo!G6C8: ,?M GI>C@C=;NCIHM >O?M V Fl;JJFC=;NCIH >? =?N ;G?H>?G?HN IHN YNY MOLFCAHY?M ?H D;OH? MOL F?M ;C>?GYGICL?M
L?F;NC@M ;OR =I>;A?M >?M G?MM;A?M J;A?M V -%4!2 30%#) 4!&,?M G I>C@C=;NCIHM >O?M V Fl;G?H>?G?HN MIHN MOLFCAHY?M ?H IL;HA? MOL F?M ;C>?GYGICL?M L?F;NC@M ;O =I>;A?
>?MG?MM;A?M J;A?M V ,? LYMOGY =IGJF?N >? F; GCM? ?H ;JJFC=;NCIH >? Fl;G?H>?G?HN ?MN NYFY=B;LA?;=B;HA?G?HN >? F; >Y@CHCNCIH >? HO;A? MCAHC@C=;NC@ KOC CH=FON G;CHN?H;HN F?4#5?H JFOM >O#" >CMJ;LCNCIH >O
=I>? 3+# L?GJF;=Y J;L #!6/+ IO .3# .I 3CAHC@C=;HN #FIO> >;HM F?M ILY@YL?H=? >? Fl;YLI>LIG?
F?M 4!&M =IOLNM IHN OH? JYLCI>? >? P;FC>CNY >? B?OL?M ?N MIHN JLI>OCNM NION?M F?M B?OL?M F?M 4!&M FIHAM J?OP?HN ;PICL OH? JYLCI>? >? P;FC>CNY >? IO B?OL?M ?N MIHN JLI>OCNM ;P?= OH JLY;PCM >l B?OL? ?N L?HIOP?FYM NION?M F?M B?OL?M OH M?OF NSJ? >? 4!& =IOLN IO FIHA ?MN JLI>OCN J;L ;YLI>LIG? =B;HA?G?HN >O =I>;A? >O ALIOJ? >;N?BIL;CL? >O G?MM;A? 4!& JIOL >Y=LCL? F?M JYLCI>?M >? P;FC>CNY F? F? >? B ;O V B ?MN >?P?HO F? >O V B ;O V B CH=FOMCIH >?M JLI>OCNM >O 3-0: >;HM F; >I=OG?HN;NCIH >? PIFJLI=Y>OL? ;HNC
GÉ%oLÉP# !nÉP !nU P Én !P#
#1;=191E;->01=5><@1>B ,2 /2-P M2BFL -P 1bF-KM C2 L65C6362F-L GP2 A2 M2BFL 2LM 3-SEK-/A2 LPK
MEPM A2 F-K0EPKL)
+A C2 1E6M -/LEAPB2CM F-L SEPL16LF2CL2K 1cPC2 -C-AXL2 12L
0EC16M6ECL -0MP2AA2L 2M a S2C6K LPK
A2 MK-72M" SEMK2 A62P 12 12LM6C-M6EC
2M A2L -bKE1KEB2L 12 1b5-52B2CM)
,?M CH=C>?HNM F?M JFOM @LYKO?HNM ?H FC?H ;P?= F; GYNYILIFIAC? MIHN c OH P?HN >Y@;PIL;- ? F; HOCN c >?M
6IOM NLIOP?L?T >?M @C=B?M >Y=LCP;HN F?M JBYHIGZH?M GYNYILIFIACKO?M ?MM?HNC?FM V =IHH;\NL? JIOL PIF?L ?H
MY=OLCNY J;A?M V
=BICMCMM?T F?M CH@ILG;NCIHM GYNYILIFIACKO?M F?M JFOM LY=?HN?M HIN?T F?M CH@ILG;NCIHM GYNYILIFIACKO?M IA:H 86GI:H 9: EGTK>H>DC I
OH? IO JFOMC?OLM=;LN?M >? JLYPCMCIH>O N?GJM MCAHC@C=;NC@4%-3)OH? IO JFOMC?OLM=;LN?M >? JLYPCMCIH >? P?HN ?N >? N?GJYL;NOL??H ;FNCNO>? IO ;O HCP?;O >? F; =LICMCZL?7).4%-
A:H B:HH6<:H 9aD7H:GK6I>DC :I 9: EGTK>H>DC I
-%4!2M 30%#)M 4!&M '!&/2M 3)'-%4M JIOL F?M ;YLI>LIG?M >? >YJ;LN >l;LLCPY? F? FIHA >O NL;D?N MOL F?M YP?HNO?FM ;YLI>LIG?M >? >YA;A?G?HN ?N >;HM F; IO F?M&)2M &FCABN)H@ILG;NCIH2?ACIH #IHM?LP?T Fl?HM?GJL?MMCIH >? FlCMI b# F;
PCMC
6IOM NLIOP?L?T >?M @C=B?M >l;C>? JIOL >Y=I>?L =?M G?MM;A?M ?N =;LN?M J;A?M V ?N OH? @C=B? GYNBI>I
FIACKO? >l;==IGJ;AH?G?HN J;A?
6IOM JIOP?T YA;F?G?HN ;==Y>?L ;O >C>;=NC=C?F >l;JJL?HNCMM;A? >?M =I>?M GYNYILIFIACKO?M ;YLIH;ONCKO?M >?
Fl%.- %=IF? .;NCIH;F? >? F; -YNYILIFIAC? MOLBNNJ;?LI>C>;=N?HGG?N?I@L m $K ?=:@A1= 71> =19>15391819?> 8G?G:=:7:35<@1> ;:@= 7M-G=:9-@?5<@1 T 30LY@YL?H=?M =BICR >? F; F;HAO? >O >IG;CH?
>? Fl;YLI>LIG? >? F; >OLY? >? F; M?MMCIH #BICR >O NSJ? >? PIF NL;D?N IO PIF FI=;F ;P?= MCR YN;J?M JIMMCP?HN L;@;F?M N?GJYL;NOL? N?GJM JLYM?HN
PCMC B K a e g h l o r t B K a e g h l MOL Fl;YLI>LIG? @;PILC ;P?= JIMMC >? >YJF;=?G?HN MOL F? GIH>? ?HNC?L 2O >? L?=B?L=B? L?MMIOL=?M >I=OG?HN;CL?M FC?HM P?LM F; $'!# F? 3)! F? "%! F? MCN?
-YNYI &L;H=? >l;=NCPCNY PIF=;HCKO? j#?HNL? =IHM?CF ?H =?H>L?M PIF=;HCKO?M 6!!#k ?N F? >C>;=NC=C?F >l;JJL?HNCMM;A? >?M =I>?M -YNYI V F; =;LN? =BICR >?M G?MM;A?M IO =;LN?M =;LN?M >?M @LIHNM MYF?=NCIH >?M >IHHY?M /0-%4
#BICR >O NSJ? >? >IMMC?LM >? PIFM JLYYN; !=NO;FCNYM n o r t fJ>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: nTITD1eG6C8: n JLI>OCNM ?N M?LPC=?M MN;H>;L>M V L?H>L? V F; H;PCA;NCIH ;YLC?HH? 0LINI=IF? N?=BHCKO? >l;JJFC=;NCIH >? F; =IHP?HNCIH =;>L? $'!#-&
"JN6C: (6GI>C>FJ: "J69:ADJE: '6 -TJC>DC (6NDII: )DJK:AA: 6AT9DC>: +DANCTH>: !G6CS6>H: .6>CI +>:GG: :I (>FJ:ADC ot /DCIDJI6 ot (6<:CI6 ot !*: DC 9aJC EGTK>H>DCC>HI: HET8>6A>HT :C BTITDGDAD<>: 6TGDC6JI>FJ: à?LPC=? >CMJIHClCH@ILG;NCIH JIOL JLYJ;L?L PINL? PIF3 I` MC F? N?LL;CH >?
>Y=IFF;A? H? PIOM J?LG?N J;M Fl;==ZM oHN?LH?N /JLYPCMCIH V Y=BY;H=? EAB G;RCGOG06 !G6C8: BTIGDEDA>I6>C: v 1 S B3EG m Fl;==ZM JOCM A3EF m F; GCHON? >lOH JIMN? @CR?3 N;LC@ ;O EA7AG7CABB3 J;LNC=CJ;NCIH V F; GCM? V >CMJIMCNCIH >O M?LPC=?3
MOM=?JNCl[NL? GI>C@CY?6
$K?=:@A1=71>-@?=1>=19>15391819?>T F?àoe3 à?LPC=? >loH@ILG;NCIH eYLIH;ONCKO? SQQQ6MC;6;PC;NCIH5=CPCF?6AIOP6@L /JIOL F?M tuéesM3 eov3 eog3 ?N=f0 uro6oe3 uONCF ?H rCAH? oHNYALY >? 6CMO;FCM;NCIH >loH@ILG;NCIHM eYLIH;ONCKO?M3 OH M?LPC=? >? F; hmeg S
BNNJS77IFCPC;6;PC;NCIH5=CPCF?6AIOP6@LIO MOL F? MCN? >O àoe3 LOO PIF e6 # )&e& =IIELLLB:ID;;>8:6I>DC =IIELLL7:ACA =IIELLL9L99: =IIELLL:C6K>I =IIELLLB:I:DHJ>HH:69B>C8= =IIEH6K>6I>DCB:I:D;G "J>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: (TITD !G6C8: =IIELLL6:GDEDGIEJ7A>8AJ;GB:I:D>C9:M=IBA tb HIH ECIMKOY =IaN >-OH ;JJ?F FI=;F D 52;;276; 5BB:2/2.: 4.; 26/7:5*<276; -= -B8*:< *= ,7=:; -= >74t
,?M CH@ILG;NCIHM GYNYILIFIACKO?M YF;l)H@ILG;NCIH
?H 6IF l3)6n KOC >YJ?H> >? F; $3.! l$CL?=NCIH >?M 3?LPC=?M >? F; .;PCA;NCIH !YLC?HH?n -%4!2M >? "WF?t "?;OP;CMt "L?MNt ,CFF?t ,SIH 3N %ROJYLSt .;HN?Mt 0;LCM #$'t 0;LCM /LFSt 2?CGMt 3NL;M? !D;==CIt ";MNC;t ,CFF?t ,SIH 3N %ROJYLSt -;LM?CFF?t -IHNJ?FFC?Lt .C=?t .\G?Mt 0;LCM #$'t 0;LCM /LFSt 4IOFIOM? -%4!2M >? "C;LLCNTt "IL>?;ORt ,CFF?t -;LM?CFF?t .C=?t 0;Ot 0;LCM #$'t 0;LCM /LFSt 4;L :*6A*2;604*2; t=G<@19/1>*$!"o(
.6<:.; -D26/7:5*<276 -. >74 .< 7:0*62;5.; -B;206B; @ 4D26 >74 $'v!!t ,?M L?HM?CAH?G?HNM GYNYILIFIACKO?M MIHN YF;? 6?CFF? -YNYILIFIACKO?n ?N F?M #-!
l#?HNL?M -YNYILIFIACKO?M >l!YLI>LIG?n 3)'-%4Mt Il;NN?LLCMM;A? IO >l;YLI>LIG?t
JLYPCMCIHM >? PIFt MOL F?M N?LL;CHM >? F; &)2 IO >O M?=N?OL 0IOL =B;KO? &)2 l&FCABN )H@ILG;NCIH 2?ACIHnt F? M?LPC=? >lCH@ILG;NCIH ?H PIF ?MN ;MMOLY J;L
u F? &)# l&FCABN )H@ILG;NCIH #?HN?Lnt J;L@ICM >Y=IOJY ?H M?=N?OLMt u Fl!00 l!00LI;=B =IHNLIFt =?HNL? >? =IHNL^F? >l;JJLI=B? >? Fl;YLI>LIG? ;OKO?F ?MN L;NN;=BY F? 3)6n 3)6!00
#IHMOFN?T F; >I=OG?HN;NCIH ;YLIH;ONCKO? !)0 &L;H=? %.2 t KOC JLY=CM? F?M FCGCN?M P?LNC=;F?M ?N BILCTIHN;F?Mt
F?M ILA;HCMG?M V =IHN;=N?L ?N F?OLM @LYKO?H=?M
,?M FCGCN?M >?M &)# ?N 3)6!00 ;CHMC KO? F?OLM @LYKO?H=?M MIHN CH>CKOY?M >;HM F?M FYA?H>?M >?M >CP?LM?M
=;LN?M ;YLIH;ONCKO?M /LA;HCMG?M >? F; =CL=OF;NCIH ;YLC?HH? MOL ;YLI>LIG? JIOL IY=IFF;A?
?N V Fl;NN?LLCMM;A? uXuhtl!ONIG;NC= 4?LGCH;F )H@ILG;NCIH 3?LPC=?nt ?H @L;HX;CM ?N ?H ;HAF;CMt @LYKO?H=?M 6(& MOL F?M =;LN?M 6!# l6CMO;F !JJLI;=B #B;LNn
uXqql!00LI;=B =IHNLIFnt =?HNL? >? =IHNL^F? >l;JJLI=B? uu•slNIOL >? =IHNL^F?n uXehtl!?LI>LIG? &FCABN )H@ILG;NCIH 3?LPC=?nXuht Lu YN;N >? F; MOL@;=? >? F; JCMN? ?N >? F; JF;N?u@ILG?tu MCNO;NCIH GYNYI ?R=?JNCIHH?FF?tu >CL?=NCIH ?N @IL=? >O P?HNt PCMC?M HO;A?M <;M
lIO G?MOL? CHMNLOG?HN;F?nt 4t 4>t 1.(t 1&% l;YLI>LIG? ?N M?OCFnt L?HM?CAH?G?HNM GYNYILIFIACKO?M MCAHC@C=;NC@Mt =B;HA?G?HNM JLYPOM
dCG:<>HIG:B:CI :I 9>;;JH>DC 9: CDJK:6J B:HH6<: H> K6G>6I>DC BTITDGDAD<>FJ: L u P?HN >CL?=NCIH bt @IL=? ENt u PCMC?M P;F?OLM EGt EGt EGt Gt Gt u N?GJM JLYM?HN ;JJ;LCNCIH>CMJ;LCNCIH >? JFOC?t AL[F?t H?CA?t IL;A? IO AL;CHt u JIOL =IO=B?M HO;A?OM?M MOJ V @L;H=BCMM?G?HN >?M P;F?OLM Gt Gt Gt Gt u 4 ?N 4> b#t u 1.( ?N 1&% B0; $.:>2,.; @ ,76<*,<.:76<.6= -.; B52;;276; q:C96CI A:H =DG6>G:H 9aDJK:GIJG: 9: AaXut +X>G uG6;;>8 t:GK>8:,0 DJ Xuht3y DJ Xuht3e HJ>K6CI A:JG EDGIT:
DETG6I>DCC:AA: Lypmndu yge LYGCMMCIH GYNYILIFIACKO? LYAOFCZL?t ?H 6(&t KOC =IHNC?HN >?M YFYG?HNM >?M -%4!2Mt lYP?HNO?FF?G?HN
>?M 30%#)Mnt J;L@ICM =IGJFYNYM J;L OH? J;LNC? d N?H>;H=? e lJLYPCMCIH >l;NN?LLCMM;A?n ?N >? =?LN;CHM 3)'-%4M 0IOL
FlYGCMMCIH ?H @L;HX;CMt F?M CH@ILG;NCIHM MIHN >C@@OMY?M >;HM FlIL>L? ;FJB;?M ;YLI>LIG?M =IH=?LHYM
fJ>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: nTITD1eG6C8: C 9:=DGH 9:H =DG6>G:H 9aDJK:GIJG: 9: Aat/. U
F?./t+
3SMNZG? >? 4L;HMGCMMCIH
!ONIG;NCKO? >? 0;L;GZNL?M+6G6BUIG:H IG6CHB>H?H @IH=NCIH >?M =;JN?OLM CHMN;FFYM >CL?=NCIH ?N PCN?MM? >O P?HN ?H MOL@;=? PCMC G?MOL? CHMNLOG?HN;F? >? F; <;M? >?M HO;A?M
N?GJYL;NOL? >? Fl;CL 4
N?GJYL;NOL? >O JICHN >? LIMY? 4>
1.( 1&% %KOCJ?G?HNM ?N @LYKO?H=?M JLY=CMYM MOL F?M =;LN?M 6!# >?M ;YLI>LIG?M =IH=?LHYM ?N MOL F; >I=OG?HN;NCIH !)0 &L;H=? =;LN?M 6!# '%. )H@ILG;NCIHM V PYLC@C?L LYAOFCZL?G?HN MOL F? MCN? >O 3)! 3?LPC=? >? Fl)H@ILG;NCIH !YLIH;ONCKO? QQQMC;;PC;NCIH
=CPCF?AIOP@L IO >;HM Fl;JJ?H>C=? >? Fl!HH?R? /!#) Z Y>CNCIH DOCFF?N
"J>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: (TITDE!G6C8: F%NnOP#
i h9:CI>;>86I>DC y:CI ?H EN HhO> y>H>7>A>IT 9DB>C6CI: ?H GZNL?M sJCL6N y>HJ6A s6C<: +sys,0 DJ0 qDGIT: y>HJ:AA: 9: q>HI:
+qyq, MlCF S ; FC?O
JCMN?M ?H M?LPC=? ;O G;RCGOG 262M GCH ?N G;R MCAH;FY?M MC
F?M ?RNL[G?M MlY=;LN?HN >? F;
GIS?HH? MOL GCH >? JFOM
>? G IO >? JFOM >? u:BEH EGTH:CI PICL F? N;?M N?GJM
JLYM?HNM
oJ6<:H <;M? J;L L;JJILN ;O MIF ?H @N JC?>HIG >O G?MM;A? CH>C=;N?OL /!#) >O FC?O >lYGCMMCIH
DIOL ?N B?OL? >? FlI IJNCIH YP?HNO?FF?
6?HN GIS?HHY MOL GCHON?M
' 'OMN MC JLYM?H=? >? L;@;F?M MOJYLC?OL?M >? EN ;O P?HN GIS?H
62" MC P?HN EN IO MC F; >CL?=NCIH
P;LC? >? b IO JFOM JIOL >?M @IL=?M
MOJYLC?OL?M
F?M >CL?=NCIHM ?RNL[G?M MIHN CH>CKOY?M
JIOL OH P?HN >? >CL?=NCIH P;LC; ) EN ?N ;P?= OH? P;LC;NCIH >? >CL?=NCIH =IGJLCM? ?HNL? b ?N b 5H? M?=IH>? P;F?OL >? PCMC ?MN @IOLHC? ;P?= M; >CL?=NCIH MC =?FF? =C ?MN >C@@YL?HN? >? F; PCMCIGCH;HN? ?N CH@YLC?OL? V G IO CH@YLC?OL? V
>? F; PCMCIGCH;HN? ?N G s L 9GD>I: c L :C 76>HH: b L 8:CIG: v L :C =6JHH: m L <6J8=: o L H6CH 8=6C<:B:CI 4?H>;H=? MCAH;FY? MC FlY=;LN ?HNL? F?M 262M
GIS?HH?M >?M JL?GCZL?M ?N >?M
>?LHCZL?M GCHON?M ?MN MOJYLC?OL IO YA;F V G - MC 262 G 0 MC 262 G
6#PICMCH;A? IO JLIRCGCNY ?HNL?
?N EG J;L L;JJILN ;O JICHN >? LY@YL?H=? >? Fl;YLI>LIG? $;HM F? -%4!2 !54/ M?OFM MIHN =I>YM $: &' "2 2! 3. 43 &:&' 3(3. &:2! &:$: 6#43 .3# .I 3CAHC@C=;HN #FIO>M J;M >? HO;A? ;P?= <;M? CH@YLC?OL? V B;ON?OL >O #!6/+ HC #" HC 4#5 HC #!6/+ 66 =C?F CHPCMC '+4 62"+4
+4 6 +4 3% 22
2, 2$ 265
2- 20 3(2! 6#3( 432!
&%7 V I=N;M 3#4 V I=N;M
"+. V I=N;M /6# I=N;MG?MM;A? >IIO GICM V B 54#I P?HN >O b @IL=? EN
L;@;F?M EN
P?HN >? >CL?=NCIH P;LC; @IL=? EN P?HN >O b @IL=? EN
>CL?=NCIH P;LC;;HM F? M?HM BIL;CL? P?HN =;FG?
G EG IO JFOM PCMCIGCH;HN? EG
6CMC M?=N?OL 3%
,; 262 ?MN >? G MOL F; JCMN? >LICN? ?N >? G
MOL F; JCMN? A;O=B?
F; 262 MOL F; JCMN? ?MN
>? G ?H <;CMM? 0CMN? 262 GCHCG;F? G
262 G;RCG;F? G ?N 262
GIS?HH? ?H B;OMM?
0CMN? 262 CH@ V G
0CMN? 262 MOJ V G
;P?LM? >? JFOC? @ILN? ;P?LM? ;O PICMCH;A? <;H=M >? IL;A? ;P?= JFOC?
?#"IO >?4#5:7=8.?842,*<276;?.584.; $2062/2,*<276 t 10 "J>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: (TITDE!G6C8: .JEEATB:CI 0CJ6<:H0 96CH ( /t- t0/*
t1*& #?CFCHA !H> 6CMC9J ED>CI GDHT:
+G:HH>DC -:CH:>8DBEATB:CI6>G:H$;HM -%4!2!54/ .#$ .I #FIO>M $?N?=N?> ;O=OH HO;A?
Hl?MN >YN?=NY J;L F? MSMNZG? ;ONI
G;NCKO? ?H >?MMIOM >? G
IO F? MSMNZG? Hl?MN J;M =;J; >? >YN?=N?L F?M #" IO 4#5 PCMC J;M >? HO;A? ;O >?MMIOM >O JFOM YF?PY
>?M HCP?;OR MOCP;HNM Fl;FNCNO>? GCHCG;F? >? M?=N?OL F; JFOM
YF?PY? IO G @N
J;M >? N?GJM MCAHC@C=;NC@
J;M >? #" IO 4#5
JLY=Y>Y? >? - MC HYA;NCP?
P;F?OL >O 1.( ;LLIH>C? ;O B0; CH@YLC?OL
2% =IH>CNCIHM GYNYI LY=?HN?M
73 2 =CM;CFF?G?HN >O P?HN3#4
4#5 1 2%3(3.
2%",3.
HO;A?M YJ;LM V @N NSJ?
>? HO;A?M HIH >YN?=N;J;L MSMNZG? ;ONIG;NCKO?
FILMKO? F? MSMNZG? ; >YN?=NY
OH #" IO OH 4#5 ?N KO?
F; HY >? =? HO;A? HlIHN J;M JO [NL? I #? ALIOJ? L?GJF;=? F; PCMCF? N?GJM JLYM?HN ?N F?M HO;A?M
FILMKO? F?M =IH>CNCIHM L?KOCM?M
MIHN JLYM?HN?M FILM
>? FlIN?GJYL;NOL? b# ?N N?GJYL;
NOL? >O JICHN >? LIMY? i b#
1.( B0;
;P?LM? >? H?CA? LY=?HN? =B;MM? H?CA? YF?PY LY=?HNM:7=8tK?8é•rp<•76;K?tê8ét; h•v6•u•rp<•76 %=GA5>5:901?190-9/1>@;;7G819?(#:@( 0IOL F?M >?OR B?OL?M KOC MOCP?HN FlB?OL? >lI?M =B;HA?G?HNM MCAHC@C=;NC@M MOL F? P?HN F; PCMC
C=;N?OL >? >Y? =B;HA?G?HN JLYPO t/o;No CH>C=;N?OL >? FvB?OL? V F;KO?FF? OH? >?M =IH>CNCIHM
JLYPO?M ?MN MIHN
;NN?H>O?M /'oOHNCFo CH>C=;N?OL >? @CH >? =B;HA?G?HN JLYPO/ (+*CH>C=;N?OL >?M @FO=NO;NCIHM N?GJIL;CL?M >vOH IO JFOMC?OLM J;L;GZNL?M >OL;HN GICHM
>vOH? B?OL? ?N =IOPL;HN GICHM >? F; GICNCY >? F; JYLCI>? ONCFCMY M?OF FILMKO? F? >Y >? F; JYLCI>? >? @FO=NO;NCIHMquotesdbs_dbs28.pdfusesText_34
MOL Fl;YLI>LIG? @;PILC ;P?= JIMMC >? >YJF;=?G?HN MOL F? GIH>? ?HNC?L 2O >? L?=B?L=B? L?MMIOL=?M >I=OG?HN;CL?M FC?HM P?LM F; $'!# F? 3)! F? "%! F? MCN?
-YNYI &L;H=? >l;=NCPCNY PIF=;HCKO? j#?HNL? =IHM?CF ?H =?H>L?M PIF=;HCKO?M 6!!#k ?N F? >C>;=NC=C?F >l;JJL?HNCMM;A? >?M =I>?M -YNYI V F; =;LN? =BICR >?M G?MM;A?M IO =;LN?M =;LN?M >?M @LIHNM MYF?=NCIH >?M >IHHY?M /0-%4
#BICR >O NSJ? >? >IMMC?LM >? PIFM 2O >? L?=B?L=B? L?MMIOL=?M >I=OG?HN;CL?M FC?HM P?LM F; $'!# F? 3)! F? "%! F? MCN?
-YNYI &L;H=? >l;=NCPCNY PIF=;HCKO? j#?HNL? =IHM?CF ?H =?H>L?M PIF=;HCKO?M 6!!#k ?N F? >C>;=NC=C?F >l;JJL?HNCMM;A? >?M =I>?M -YNYI V F; =;LN? =BICR >?M G?MM;A?M IO =;LN?M =;LN?M >?M @LIHNM MYF?=NCIH >?M >IHHY?M /0-%4
P?LM F; $'!# F? 3)! F? "%! F? MCN?
-YNYI &L;H=? >l;=NCPCNY PIF=;HCKO? j#?HNL? =IHM?CF ?H =?H>L?M PIF=;HCKO?M 6!!#k ?N F? >C>;=NC=C?F >l;JJL?HNCMM;A? >?M =I>?M -YNYI V F; =;LN? =BICR >?M G?MM;A?M IO =;LN?M =;LN?M >?M @LIHNMJLYYN; !=NO;FCNYM n o r t fJ>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: nTITD1eG6C8: n JLI>OCNM ?N M?LPC=?M MN;H>;L>M V L?H>L? V F; H;PCA;NCIH ;YLC?HH? 0LINI=IF? N?=BHCKO? >l;JJFC=;NCIH >? F; =IHP?HNCIH =;>L? $'!#-&
"JN6C: (6GI>C>FJ: "J69:ADJE: '6 -TJC>DC (6NDII: )DJK:AA: 6AT9DC>: +DANCTH>: !G6CS6>H: .6>CI +>:GG: :I (>FJ:ADC ot /DCIDJI6 ot (6<:CI6 ot !*: DC 9aJC EGTK>H>DCC>HI: HET8>6A>HT :C BTITDGDAD<>: 6TGDC6JI>FJ: à?LPC=? >CMJIHClCH@ILG;NCIH JIOL JLYJ;L?L PINL? PIF3 I` MC F? N?LL;CH >?
>Y=IFF;A? H? PIOM J?LG?N J;M Fl;==ZM oHN?LH?N /JLYPCMCIH V Y=BY;H=? EAB G;RCGOG06 !G6C8: BTIGDEDA>I6>C: v 1 S B3EG m Fl;==ZM JOCM A3EF m F; GCHON? >lOH JIMN? @CR?3 N;LC@ ;O EA7AG7CABB3 J;LNC=CJ;NCIH V F; GCM? V >CMJIMCNCIH >O M?LPC=?3
MOM=?JNCl[NL? GI>C@CY?6
$K?=:@A1=71>-@?=1>=19>15391819?>T F?àoe3 à?LPC=? >loH@ILG;NCIH eYLIH;ONCKO? SQQQ6MC;6;PC;NCIH5=CPCF?6AIOP6@L /JIOL F?M tuéesM3 eov3 eog3 ?N=f0 uro6oe3 uONCF ?H rCAH? oHNYALY >? 6CMO;FCM;NCIH >loH@ILG;NCIHM eYLIH;ONCKO?M3 OH M?LPC=? >? F; hmeg S
BNNJS77IFCPC;6;PC;NCIH5=CPCF?6AIOP6@LIO MOL F? MCN? >O àoe3 LOO PIF e6 # )&e& =IIELLLB:ID;;>8:6I>DC =IIELLL7:ACA =IIELLL9L99: =IIELLL:C6K>I =IIELLLB:I:DHJ>HH:69B>C8= =IIEH6K>6I>DCB:I:D;G "J>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: (TITD !G6C8: =IIELLL6:GDEDGIEJ7A>8AJ;GB:I:D>C9:M=IBA tb HIH ECIMKOY =IaN >-OH ;JJ?F FI=;F D 52;;276; 5BB:2/2.: 4.; 26/7:5*<276; -= -B8*:< *= ,7=:; -= >74t
,?M CH@ILG;NCIHM GYNYILIFIACKO?M YF;l)H@ILG;NCIH
?H 6IF l3)6n KOC >YJ?H> >? F; $3.! l$CL?=NCIH >?M 3?LPC=?M >? F; .;PCA;NCIH !YLC?HH?n -%4!2M >? "WF?t "?;OP;CMt "L?MNt ,CFF?t ,SIH 3N %ROJYLSt .;HN?Mt 0;LCM #$'t 0;LCM /LFSt 2?CGMt 3NL;M? !D;==CIt ";MNC;t ,CFF?t ,SIH 3N %ROJYLSt -;LM?CFF?t -IHNJ?FFC?Lt .C=?t .\G?Mt 0;LCM #$'t 0;LCM /LFSt 4IOFIOM? -%4!2M >? "C;LLCNTt "IL>?;ORt ,CFF?t -;LM?CFF?t .C=?t 0;Ot 0;LCM #$'t 0;LCM /LFSt 4;L :*6A*2;604*2; t=G<@19/1>*$!"o(
.6<:.; -D26/7:5*<276 -. >74 .< 7:0*62;5.; -B;206B; @ 4D26 >74 $'v!!t ,?M L?HM?CAH?G?HNM GYNYILIFIACKO?M MIHN YF;? 6?CFF? -YNYILIFIACKO?n ?N F?M #-!
l#?HNL?M -YNYILIFIACKO?M >l!YLI>LIG?n 3)'-%4Mt Il;NN?LLCMM;A? IO >l;YLI>LIG?t
JLYPCMCIHM >? PIFt MOL F?M N?LL;CHM >? F; &)2 IO >O M?=N?OL 0IOL =B;KO? &)2 l&FCABN )H@ILG;NCIH 2?ACIHnt F? M?LPC=? >lCH@ILG;NCIH ?H PIF ?MN ;MMOLY J;L
u F? &)# l&FCABN )H@ILG;NCIH #?HN?Lnt J;L@ICM >Y=IOJY ?H M?=N?OLMt u Fl!00 l!00LI;=B =IHNLIFt =?HNL? >? =IHNL^F? >l;JJLI=B? >? Fl;YLI>LIG? ;OKO?F ?MN L;NN;=BY F? 3)6n 3)6!00
#IHMOFN?T F; >I=OG?HN;NCIH ;YLIH;ONCKO? !)0 &L;H=? %.2 t KOC JLY=CM? F?M FCGCN?M P?LNC=;F?M ?N BILCTIHN;F?Mt
F?M ILA;HCMG?M V =IHN;=N?L ?N F?OLM @LYKO?H=?M
,?M FCGCN?M >?M &)# ?N 3)6!00 ;CHMC KO? F?OLM @LYKO?H=?M MIHN CH>CKOY?M >;HM F?M FYA?H>?M >?M >CP?LM?M
=;LN?M ;YLIH;ONCKO?M /LA;HCMG?M >? F; =CL=OF;NCIH ;YLC?HH? MOL ;YLI>LIG? JIOL IY=IFF;A?
?N V Fl;NN?LLCMM;A? uXuhtl!ONIG;NC= 4?LGCH;F )H@ILG;NCIH 3?LPC=?nt ?H @L;HX;CM ?N ?H ;HAF;CMt @LYKO?H=?M 6(& MOL F?M =;LN?M 6!# l6CMO;F !JJLI;=B #B;LNn
uXqql!00LI;=B =IHNLIFnt =?HNL? >? =IHNL^F? >l;JJLI=B? uu•slNIOL >? =IHNL^F?n uXehtl!?LI>LIG? &FCABN )H@ILG;NCIH 3?LPC=?nXuht Lu YN;N >? F; MOL@;=? >? F; JCMN? ?N >? F; JF;N?u@ILG?tu MCNO;NCIH GYNYI ?R=?JNCIHH?FF?tu >CL?=NCIH ?N @IL=? >O P?HNt PCMC?M HO;A?M <;M
lIO G?MOL? CHMNLOG?HN;F?nt 4t 4>t 1.(t 1&% l;YLI>LIG? ?N M?OCFnt L?HM?CAH?G?HNM GYNYILIFIACKO?M MCAHC@C=;NC@Mt =B;HA?G?HNM JLYPOM
dCG:<>HIG:B:CI :I 9>;;JH>DC 9: CDJK:6J B:HH6<: H> K6G>6I>DC BTITDGDAD<>FJ: L u P?HN >CL?=NCIH bt @IL=? ENt u PCMC?M P;F?OLM EGt EGt EGt Gt Gt u N?GJM JLYM?HN ;JJ;LCNCIH>CMJ;LCNCIH >? JFOC?t AL[F?t H?CA?t IL;A? IO AL;CHt u JIOL =IO=B?M HO;A?OM?M MOJ V @L;H=BCMM?G?HN >?M P;F?OLM Gt Gt Gt Gt u 4 ?N 4> b#t u 1.( ?N 1&% B0; $.:>2,.; @ ,76<*,<.:76<.6= -.; B52;;276; q:C96CI A:H =DG6>G:H 9aDJK:GIJG: 9: AaXut +X>G uG6;;>8 t:GK>8:,0 DJ Xuht3y DJ Xuht3e HJ>K6CI A:JG EDGIT:
DETG6I>DCC:AA: Lypmndu yge LYGCMMCIH GYNYILIFIACKO? LYAOFCZL?t ?H 6(&t KOC =IHNC?HN >?M YFYG?HNM >?M -%4!2Mt lYP?HNO?FF?G?HN
>?M 30%#)Mnt J;L@ICM =IGJFYNYM J;L OH? J;LNC? d N?H>;H=? e lJLYPCMCIH >l;NN?LLCMM;A?n ?N >? =?LN;CHM 3)'-%4M 0IOL
FlYGCMMCIH ?H @L;HX;CMt F?M CH@ILG;NCIHM MIHN >C@@OMY?M >;HM FlIL>L? ;FJB;?M ;YLI>LIG?M =IH=?LHYM
fJ>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: nTITD1eG6C8: C 9:=DGH 9:H =DG6>G:H 9aDJK:GIJG: 9: Aat/. U
F?./t+
3SMNZG? >? 4L;HMGCMMCIH
!ONIG;NCKO? >? 0;L;GZNL?M+6G6BUIG:H IG6CHB>H?H @IH=NCIH >?M =;JN?OLM CHMN;FFYM >CL?=NCIH ?N PCN?MM? >O P?HN ?H MOL@;=? PCMC G?MOL? CHMNLOG?HN;F? >? F; <;M? >?M HO;A?M
N?GJYL;NOL? >? Fl;CL 4
N?GJYL;NOL? >O JICHN >? LIMY? 4>
1.( 1&% %KOCJ?G?HNM ?N @LYKO?H=?M JLY=CMYM MOL F?M =;LN?M 6!# >?M ;YLI>LIG?M =IH=?LHYM ?N MOL F; >I=OG?HN;NCIH !)0 &L;H=? =;LN?M 6!# '%. )H@ILG;NCIHM V PYLC@C?L LYAOFCZL?G?HN MOL F? MCN? >O 3)! 3?LPC=? >? Fl)H@ILG;NCIH !YLIH;ONCKO? QQQMC;;PC;NCIH
=CPCF?AIOP@L IO >;HM Fl;JJ?H>C=? >? Fl!HH?R? /!#) Z Y>CNCIH DOCFF?N
"J>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: (TITDE!G6C8: F%NnOP#
i h9:CI>;>86I>DC y:CI ?H EN HhO> y>H>7>A>IT 9DB>C6CI: ?H GZNL?M sJCL6N y>HJ6A s6C<: +sys,0 DJ0 qDGIT: y>HJ:AA: 9: q>HI:
+qyq, MlCF S ; FC?O
JCMN?M ?H M?LPC=? ;O G;RCGOG 262M GCH ?N G;R MCAH;FY?M MC
F?M ?RNL[G?M MlY=;LN?HN >? F;
GIS?HH? MOL GCH >? JFOM
>? G IO >? JFOM >? u:BEH EGTH:CI PICL F? N;?M N?GJM
JLYM?HNM
oJ6<:H <;M? J;L L;JJILN ;O MIF ?H @N JC?>HIG >O G?MM;A? CH>C=;N?OL /!#) >O FC?O >lYGCMMCIH
DIOL ?N B?OL? >? FlI IJNCIH YP?HNO?FF?
6?HN GIS?HHY MOL GCHON?M
' 'OMN MC JLYM?H=? >? L;@;F?M MOJYLC?OL?M >? EN ;O P?HN GIS?H
62" MC P?HN EN IO MC F; >CL?=NCIH
P;LC? >? b IO JFOM JIOL >?M @IL=?M
MOJYLC?OL?M
F?M >CL?=NCIHM ?RNL[G?M MIHN CH>CKOY?M
JIOL OH P?HN >? >CL?=NCIH P;LC; ) EN ?N ;P?= OH? P;LC;NCIH >? >CL?=NCIH =IGJLCM? ?HNL? b ?N b 5H? M?=IH>? P;F?OL >? PCMC ?MN @IOLHC? ;P?= M; >CL?=NCIH MC =?FF? =C ?MN >C@@YL?HN? >? F; PCMCIGCH;HN? ?N CH@YLC?OL? V G IO CH@YLC?OL? V
>? F; PCMCIGCH;HN? ?N G s L 9GD>I: c L :C 76>HH: b L 8:CIG: v L :C =6JHH: m L <6J8=: o L H6CH 8=6C<:B:CI 4?H>;H=? MCAH;FY? MC FlY=;LN ?HNL? F?M 262M
GIS?HH?M >?M JL?GCZL?M ?N >?M
>?LHCZL?M GCHON?M ?MN MOJYLC?OL IO YA;F V G - MC 262 G 0 MC 262 G
6#PICMCH;A? IO JLIRCGCNY ?HNL?
?N EG J;L L;JJILN ;O JICHN >? LY@YL?H=? >? Fl;YLI>LIG? $;HM F? -%4!2 !54/ M?OFM MIHN =I>YM $: &' "2 2! 3. 43 &:&' 3(3. &:2! &:$: 6#43 .3# .I 3CAHC@C=;HN #FIO>M J;M >? HO;A? ;P?= <;M? CH@YLC?OL? V B;ON?OL >O #!6/+ HC #" HC 4#5 HC #!6/+ 66 =C?F CHPCMC '+4 62"+4
+4 6 +4 3% 22
2, 2$ 265
2- 20 3(2! 6#3( 432!
&%7 V I=N;M 3#4 V I=N;M
"+. V I=N;M /6# I=N;MG?MM;A? >IIO GICM V B 54#I P?HN >O b @IL=? EN
L;@;F?M EN
P?HN >? >CL?=NCIH P;LC; @IL=? EN P?HN >O b @IL=? EN
>CL?=NCIH P;LC;;HM F? M?HM BIL;CL? P?HN =;FG?
G EG IO JFOM PCMCIGCH;HN? EG
6CMC M?=N?OL 3%
,; 262 ?MN >? G MOL F; JCMN? >LICN? ?N >? G
MOL F; JCMN? A;O=B?
F; 262 MOL F; JCMN? ?MN
>? G ?H <;CMM? 0CMN? 262 GCHCG;F? G
262 G;RCG;F? G ?N 262
GIS?HH? ?H B;OMM?
0CMN? 262 CH@ V G
0CMN? 262 MOJ V G
;P?LM? >? JFOC? @ILN? ;P?LM? ;O PICMCH;A? <;H=M >? IL;A? ;P?= JFOC?
?#"IO >?4#5:7=8.?842,*<276;?.584.; $2062/2,*<276 t 10 "J>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: (TITDE!G6C8: .JEEATB:CI 0CJ6<:H0 96CH ( /t- t0/*
t1*& #?CFCHA !H> 6CMC9J ED>CI GDHT:
+G:HH>DC -:CH:>8DBEATB:CI6>G:H$;HM -%4!2!54/ .#$ .I #FIO>M $?N?=N?> ;O=OH HO;A?
Hl?MN >YN?=NY J;L F? MSMNZG? ;ONI
G;NCKO? ?H >?MMIOM >? G
IO F? MSMNZG? Hl?MN J;M =;J; >? >YN?=N?L F?M #" IO 4#5 PCMC J;M >? HO;A? ;O >?MMIOM >O JFOM YF?PY
>?M HCP?;OR MOCP;HNM Fl;FNCNO>? GCHCG;F? >? M?=N?OL F; JFOM
YF?PY? IO G @N
J;M >? N?GJM MCAHC@C=;NC@
J;M >? #" IO 4#5
JLY=Y>Y? >? - MC HYA;NCP?
P;F?OL >O 1.( ;LLIH>C? ;O B0; CH@YLC?OL
2% =IH>CNCIHM GYNYI LY=?HN?M
73 2 =CM;CFF?G?HN >O P?HN3#4
4#5 1 2%3(3.
2%",3.
HO;A?M YJ;LM V @N NSJ?
>? HO;A?M HIH >YN?=N;J;L MSMNZG? ;ONIG;NCKO?
FILMKO? F? MSMNZG? ; >YN?=NY
OH #" IO OH 4#5 ?N KO?
F; HY >? =? HO;A? HlIHN J;M JO [NL? I #? ALIOJ? L?GJF;=? F; PCMCF? N?GJM JLYM?HN ?N F?M HO;A?M
FILMKO? F?M =IH>CNCIHM L?KOCM?M
MIHN JLYM?HN?M FILM
>? FlIN?GJYL;NOL? b# ?N N?GJYL;
NOL? >O JICHN >? LIMY? i b#
1.( B0;
;P?LM? >? H?CA? LY=?HN? =B;MM? H?CA? YF?PY LY=?HNM:7=8tK?8é•rp<•76;K?tê8ét; h•v6•u•rp<•76 %=GA5>5:901?190-9/1>@;;7G819?(#:@( 0IOL F?M >?OR B?OL?M KOC MOCP?HN FlB?OL? >lI?M =B;HA?G?HNM MCAHC@C=;NC@M MOL F? P?HN F; PCMC
C=;N?OL >? >Y? =B;HA?G?HN JLYPO t/o;No CH>C=;N?OL >? FvB?OL? V F;KO?FF? OH? >?M =IH>CNCIHM
JLYPO?M ?MN MIHN
;NN?H>O?M /'oOHNCFo CH>C=;N?OL >? @CH >? =B;HA?G?HN JLYPO/ (+*CH>C=;N?OL >?M @FO=NO;NCIHM N?GJIL;CL?M >vOH IO JFOMC?OLM J;L;GZNL?M >OL;HN GICHM
>vOH? B?OL? ?N =IOPL;HN GICHM >? F; GICNCY >? F; JYLCI>? ONCFCMY M?OF FILMKO? F? >Y >? F; JYLCI>? >? @FO=NO;NCIHMquotesdbs_dbs28.pdfusesText_34
JLI>OCNM ?N M?LPC=?M MN;H>;L>M V L?H>L? V F; H;PCA;NCIH ;YLC?HH? 0LINI=IF? N?=BHCKO? >l;JJFC=;NCIH >? F; =IHP?HNCIH =;>L? $'!#-&
"JN6C: (6GI>C>FJ: "J69:ADJE: '6 -TJC>DC (6NDII: )DJK:AA: 6AT9DC>: +DANCTH>: !G6CS6>H: .6>CI +>:GG: :I (>FJ:ADC ot /DCIDJI6 ot (6<:CI6 ot !*:à?LPC=? >CMJIHC
1 S B3EG m Fl;==ZM JOCM A3EF m F; GCHON? >lOH JIMN? @CR?3 N;LC@ ;O EA7AG7CABB3 J;LNC=CJ;NCIH V F; GCM? V >CMJIMCNCIH >O M?LPC=?3
MOM=?JNCl[NL? GI>C@CY?6
$K?=:@A1=71>-@?=1>=19>15391819?>T F?àoe3 à?LPC=? >loH@ILG;NCIH eYLIH;ONCKO? SQQQ6MC;6;PC;NCIH5=CPCF?6AIOP6@L /JIOL F?M tuéesM3 eov3 eog3 ?N=f0 uro6oe3 uONCF ?H rCAH? oHNYALY >? 6CMO;FCM;NCIH >loH@ILG;NCIHM eYLIH;ONCKO?M3 OH M?LPC=? >? F; hmeg S
BNNJS77IFCPC;6;PC;NCIH5=CPCF?6AIOP6@LIO MOL F? MCN? >O àoe3 LO52;;276; 5BB:2/2.: 4.; 26/7:5*<276; -= -B8*:< *= ,7=:; -= >74t
,?M CH@ILG;NCIHM GYNYILIFIACKO?M YF;
4;L :*6A*2;604*2; t=G<@19/1>*$!"o(
.6<:.; -D26/7:5*<276 -. >74 .< 7:0*62;5.; -B;206B; @ 4D26 ,?M L?HM?CAH?G?HNM GYNYILIFIACKO?M MIHN YF; l#?HNL?M -YNYILIFIACKO?M >l!YLI>LIG?n 3)'-%4Mt I u Fl!00 l!00LI;=B =IHNLIFt =?HNL? >? =IHNL^F? >l;JJLI=B? >? Fl;YLI>LIG? ;OKO?F ?MN L;NN;=BY F? 3)6n 3)6!00 #IHMOFN?T F; >I=OG?HN;NCIH ;YLIH;ONCKO? !)0 &L;H=? %.2 t KOC JLY=CM? F?M FCGCN?M P?LNC=;F?M ?N BILCTIHN;F?Mt ,?M FCGCN?M >?M &)# ?N 3)6!00 ;CHMC KO? F?OLM @LYKO?H=?M MIHN CH>CKOY?M >;HM F?M FYA?H>?M >?M >CP?LM?M /LA;HCMG?M >? F; =CL=OF;NCIH ;YLC?HH? MOL ;YLI>LIG? JIOL I )H@ILG;NCIH 3?LPC=?nXuht Lu YN;N >? F; MOL@;=? >? F; JCMN? ?N >? F; JF;N?u@ILG?tu MCNO;NCIH GYNYI ?R=?JNCIHH?FF?tu >CL?=NCIH ?N @IL=? >O P?HNt PCMC q:C96CI A:H =DG6>G:H 9aDJK:GIJG: 9: AaXut +X>G uG6;;>8 t:GK>8:,0 DJ Xuht3y DJ Xuht3e HJ>K6CI A:JG EDGIT: DETG6I>DCC:AA: Lypmndu yge LYGCMMCIH GYNYILIFIACKO? LYAOFCZL?t ?H 6(&t KOC =IHNC?HN >?M YFYG?HNM >?M -%4!2Mt lYP?HNO?FF?G?HN >?M 30%#)Mnt J;L@ICM =IGJFYNYM J;L OH? J;LNC? d N?H>;H=? e lJLYPCMCIH >l;NN?LLCMM;A?n ?N >? =?LN;CHM 3)'-%4M 0IOL FlYGCMMCIH ?H @L;HX;CMt F?M CH@ILG;NCIHM MIHN >C@@OMY?M >;HM FlIL>L? ;FJB; /6# I=N;MG?MM;A? >I0IOL =B;KO? &)2 l&FCABN )H@ILG;NCIH 2?ACIHnt F? M?LPC=? >lCH@ILG;NCIH ?H PIF ?MN ;MMOLY J;L
u F? &)# l&FCABN )H@ILG;NCIH #?HN?Lnt J;L@ICM >Y=IOJY ?H M?=N?OLMt F?M ILA;HCMG?M V =IHN;=N?L ?N F?OLM @LYKO?H=?M
6!# l6CMO;F !JJLI;=B #B;LNn
uXqql!00LI;=B =IHNLIFnt =?HNL? >? =IHNL^F? >l;JJLI=B? uu•slNIOL >? =IHNL^F?n uXehtl!?LI>LIG? &FCABN GYNYILIFIACKO?M MCAHC@C=;NC@Mt =B;HA?G?HNM JLYPOM
dCG:<>HIG:B:CI :I 9>;;JH>DC 9: CDJK:6J B:HH6<: H> K6G>6I>DC BTITDGDAD<>FJ: L u P?HN >CL?=NCIH bt @IL=? ENt u PCMCC 9:=DGH 9:H =DG6>G:H 9aDJK:GIJG: 9: Aat/. U
F?./t+
3SMNZG? >? 4L;HMGCMMCIH
!ONIG;NCKO? >? 0;L;GZNL?M+6G6BUIG:H IG6CHB>H?H @IH=NCIH >?M =;JN?OLM CHMN;FFYM >CL?=NCIH ?N PCN?MM? >O P?HN ?H MOL@;=? PCMC
G?MOL? CHMNLOG?HN;F? >? F; <;M? >?M HO;A?M
N?GJYL;NOL? >? Fl;CL 4
N?GJYL;NOL? >O JICHN >? LIMY? 4>
1.( 1&% %KOCJ?G?HNM ?N @LYKO?H=?M JLY=CMYM MOL F?M =;LN?M 6!# >?M ;YLI>LIG?M =IH=?LHYM ?N MOL F; >I=OG?HN;NCIH !)0 &L;H=? =;LN?M 6!# '%. )H@ILG;NCIHM V PYLC@C?L LYAOFCZL?G?HN MOL F? MCN? >O 3)! 3?LPC=? >? Fl)H@ILG;NCIH !YLIH;ONCKO? QQQMC;;PC;NCIH
=CPCF?AIOP@L IO >;HM Fl;JJ?H>C=? >? Fl!HH?R? /!#) Z Y>CNCIH DOCFF?N
"J>9: 6K>6I>DC 9: (TITDE!G6C8: F%NnOP#
i h9:CI>;>86I>DC y:CI ?H EN HhO> y>H>7>A>IT 9DB>C6CI: ?H GZNL?M sJCL6N y>HJ6A s6C<: +sys,0 DJ0 qDGIT: y>HJ:AA: 9: q>HI:
+qyq, MlCF S ; FC?O
JCMN?M ?H M?LPC=? ;O G;RCGOG 262M GCH ?N G;R MCAH;FY?M MC
F?M ?RNL[G?M MlY=;LN?HN >? F;
GIS?HH? MOL GCH >? JFOM
>? G IO >? JFOM >? u:BEH EGTH:CI PICL F? N;
JLYM?HNM
oJ6<:H <;M? J;L L;JJILN ;O MIF ?H @N JC?>HIG >O G?MM;A? CH>C=;N?OL /!#) >O FC?O >lYGCMMCIH
DIOL ?N B?OL? >? FlI
IJNCIH YP?HNO?FF?
6?HN GIS?HHY MOL GCHON?M
' 'OMN MC JLYM?H=? >? L;@;F?M MOJYLC?OL?M >? EN ;O P?HN GIS?H
62" MC P?HN EN IO MC F; >CL?=NCIH
P;LC? >? b IO JFOM JIOL >?M @IL=?M
MOJYLC?OL?M
F?M >CL?=NCIHM ?RNL[G?M MIHN CH>CKOY?M
JIOL OH P?HN >? >CL?=NCIH P;LC;
5H? M?=IH>? P;F?OL >? PCMC
CH@YLC?OL? V G IO CH@YLC?OL? V
>? F; PCMC4?H>;H=? MCAH;FY? MC FlY=;LN ?HNL? F?M 262M
GIS?HH?M >?M JL?GCZL?M ?N >?M
>?LHCZL?M GCHON?M ?MN MOJYLC?OL IO YA;F V G - MC 262 G 0 MC 262 G
6#PICMCH;A? IO JLIRCGCNY ?HNL?
?N EG J;L L;JJILN ;O JICHN >? LY@YL?H=? >? Fl;YLI>LIG? $;HM F? -%4!2 !54/ M?OFM MIHN =I>YM $: &' "2 2! 3. 43 &:&' 3(3. &:2! &:$: 6#43 .3# .I 3CAHC@C=;HN #FIO>M J;M >? HO;A? ;P?= <;M? CH@YLC?OL? V B;ON?OL >O #!6/+ HC #" HC 4#5 HC #!6/+ 66 =C?F CHPCMC
+4 6 +4 3% 22
2, 2$ 265
2- 20 3(2! 6#3( 432!
&%7 V I=N;M 3#4 V I=N;M
"+. V I=N;M P?HN >O b @IL=? EN
L;@;F?M EN
P?HN >? >CL?=NCIH P;LC;
P?HN >O b @IL=? EN
>CL?=NCIH P;LC;P?HN =;FG?
G EG IO JFOM PCMC
6CMC
+G:HH>DC -:CH:>M?=N?OL 3%
,; 262 ?MN >? G MOL F; JCMN? >LICN? ?N >? G
MOL F; JCMN? A;O=B?
F; 262 MOL F; JCMN? ?MN
>? G ?H <;CMM? 0CMN? 262 GCHCG;F? G
262 G;RCG;F? G ?N 262
GIS?HH? ?H B;OMM?
0CMN? 262 CH@ V G
0CMN? 262 MOJ V G
;P?LM? >? JFOC? @ILN? ;P?LM? ;O PICMCH;A? <;H=M >? IL;A? ;P?= JFOC?
96CH ( /t- t0/*
t1*& #?CFCHA !H> 6CMCHl?MN >YN?=NY J;L F? MSMNZG? ;ONI
G;NCKO? ?H >?MMIOM >? G
IO F? MSMNZG? Hl?MN J;M =;J;
PCMC
J;M >? HO;A? ;O >?MMIOM >O JFOM YF?PY
>?M HCP?;OR MOCP;HNM Fl;FNCNO>? GCHCG;F? >? M?=N?OL F; JFOM
YF?PY? IO G @N
J;M >? N?GJM MCAHC@C=;NC@
J;M >? #" IO 4#5
JLY=Y>Y? >? - MC HYA;NCP?
P;F?OL >O 1.( ;LLIH>C? ;O B0; CH@YLC?OL
2% =IH>CNCIHM GYNYI LY=?HN?M
73 2 =CM;CFF?G?HN >O P?HN3#4
4#5 1 2%3(3.
2%",3.
HO;A?M YJ;LM V @N NSJ?
>? HO;A?M HIH >YN?=N;FILMKO? F? MSMNZG? ; >YN?=NY
OH #" IO OH 4#5 ?N KO?
F; HY
I
FILMKO? F?M =IH>CNCIHM L?KOCM?M
MIHN JLYM?HN?M FILM
>? FlINOL? >O JICHN >? LIMY? i b#
1.( B0;
;P?LM? >? H?CA? LY=?HN? =B;MM? H?CA? YF?PY LY=?HNM:7=8tK?8é•rp<•76;K?tê8ét; h•v6•u•rp<•76 %=GA5>5:901?190-9/1>@;;7G819?(#:@( 0IOL F?M >?OR B?OL?M KOC MOCP?HN FlB?OL? >lI
OH? >?M =IH>CNCIHM
JLYPO?M ?MN MIHN
;NN?H>O?M /'oOHNCFo CH>C=;N?OL >? @CH >? =B;HA?G?HN JLYPO/ (+*CH>C=;N?OL >?M @FO=NO;NCIHM N?GJIL;CL?M >vOH IO JFOMC?OLM J;L;GZNL?M >OL;HN GICHM
>vOH? B?OL? ?N =IOPL;HN GICHM >? F; GICNCY >? F; JYLCI>? ONCFCMY M?OF FILMKO? F? >Y
[PDF] quot Code Mixing quot In - Wiley Online Library
[PDF] Munsell Soil Color Chart
[PDF] codes naf - AEFccifr
[PDF] E-CESU : payez vos frais de crèche AP-HP - Chèque Domicile
[PDF] Guide Utilisateur
[PDF] OHADA - Acte uniforme du 30 janvier 2014 relatif aux droits des
[PDF] OHADA - Droit-Afrique
[PDF] OHADA - Droit-Afrique
[PDF] Opérateur 8039
[PDF] Alcatel OmniPCX Off ice Poste opérateur - provence telecom
[PDF] Centre National des Chèques Postaux
[PDF] Centre National des Chèques Postaux
[PDF] Centre National des Chèques Postaux
[PDF] Nom Régime Téléphone Code Régime Caisse - WordPresscom