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History, One of Many Tools Towards

New Practices for Gender Equality

in the History of Science

Isabelle Lémonon-Waxin

Cak, Cermes3, Women'sand GenderStudiesCommission of the DHST, Femmes & Sciences ilemonon@gmail.com 26
th

ICHST -July 28, 2021

Plenary Symposium The gender gap in science, and in the history of science and technology: historical perspective and IUHPST/DHST policies

(Commission on Women and Gender in Science, Technology and Medicine) -ID 98

Lessonsfromthe GenderGap Project

2

R. Ivie& S. White, Measuring and analyzing the gender gap in science through the global survey of Scientists, A Global

Approach to the Gender Gap in Mathematical and Natural Sciences: How to Measure It, How to Reduce It?, p. 13

Encountering sexual harassment at school or work by discipline.

“Thehorizontalbarindicatesthepoint

estimate,andthedashedlinesindicatethe standarderror.Thestandarderrorismuch largerforHistoryofScienceduetoa smallernumberofrespondents."

Lessonsfromthe GenderGap Project

Womenin STEM

Womenin Historyand Philosophyof Science

3

Lessonsfromsociology, psychology, science

educationstudies

D.W. Chambers, 1983

4

J. Gray, 1992

SexualHarassement, Picture a scientist, 2020

5Lessonsfromsociology, psychology, science

educationstudies

Stereotypethreat, S. Spencer, 1999

Lessonsfromsociology, psychology, science

educationstudies 6

NCIS TV showLego-Womenin science

7Lessonsfromsociology, psychology, science

educationstudies

WYSK®

P.Roussel,Systèmephysique

etmoraldelafemme,1775,

Googlebooks

Enlightenment'shistoricallessons

Biologicallimitations and social norms

“innategeneticsdifferencesinthe

brainsofmenandwomenthat accountforthisdifference[under- reprensentationinSTEM]"

Lawrence Summers, Harvard president, 2005

8 William Cheselden, Osteographiaor the anatomy of the bones,

Londres

, 1733 “Women's brains are suited to social skills and memory, men's perception and co-ordination", The Guardian M. Ingalhalikaret al., Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain,Proceedingsof the National Academyof

Sciences,Jan 2014,111(2)823-828

Biologicallimitations and social norms9

Enlightenment'shistoricallessons

J.J. Rousseau, L'Émile ou de l'éducation, 1762

Intellectuallimitations and social norms

James Damore, Google engineer, 2017

10

Enlightenment's historical lessons

Recueil de l'Académie des Jeux Floraux, Toulouse, 1723, p. 189Priscille de Catelande

Portel( 1662?-1745)

Musée de Narbonne

Womenin science as monsters11

Googlebooks

Enlightenment's historical lessons

Womenin science as monsters12

Émilie Du Châtelet (1706

1749)

Maurice Quentin de la Tour, 18th

century

Gallica

Enlightenment'shistoricallessons

13

2016Yvan Adam, 1986

Social

representations

Coppel

, 1726, commons.wikimedia.org

Enlightenment's historical lessons

Social representations

2016
13

Enlightenment'shistoricallessons

Quotation: OBSPM, Ms 1090, LetterfromF.X. vonZachto J. Lalande, Gotha, 1799

Normsintegration...

CharlottevonSaxe-Meiningen,

duchessofGotha(1751-1827)

StiftungSchlossFriedenstein

Gotha.IsabelleLémonon,2017

14

Lunette méridienne

StiftungSchlossFriedenstein

Gotha.IsabelleLémonon,2017

Enlightenment's historical lessons

scientist."

BMI Carpentras, Fonds Raspail, Ms 2761 fol. 57/58, LetterfromM.C.de Gotha to M.J.Lefrançois, April 23, 1799

Normsintegration... and clear-sightedness15

Enlightenment's historical lessons

Marie Gaspardede Copponayde Grimaldi(169? -1740), ca 1714, in F. Mugnier, 1893, p. 190

Normsquestionning... and evolution16

Enlightenment's historical lessons

Analyse ou exposition abrégée du système général des influences solaires par Mademoiselle de ***,Durand, Paris, 1771

Normsrejection17

Isabelle Lémonon, 2017

Enlightenment's historical lessons

Self-fashioning

Self-fashioningand networking as factorsof integration

Emilie Du Châtelet (1706-1749)

Marie Charlotte de Gotha (1751

1827

Geneviève Thirouxd'Arconville(1720-1805)

Victorine de Chastenayde Lenty(1771-1855)Angélique Delisle (1696-177.)Marie Anne Pigeon d'Osangis(1724-1765)

Nicole Reine Lepaute (1723

1788)

Marie Louise Du Piéry(1746-1830)

Marie Jeanne

Lefrançois(1760-1832)

Claudine Picardet(1735-1820)

Catherine Tigny(17..-1813?)

Self-fashioningand Networking

Social status

18

Enlightenment's historical lessons

Marie Louise

Du Piéry

19

Enlightenment'shistoricallessons

Giantsand Dwarfs? or Tokenand Subalterns?

20 abouttheintrinsicnaturesofmenandwomen." S. Thébaudet M. Charles, 2018G. Rippon, The genderedbrain, 2019 21

Thankyoufor yourattention

22

Enligthenment'shistoricallessons

quotesdbs_dbs47.pdfusesText_47

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