[PDF] Review of implementation of Agenda 21 and the Rio Principles

View - Download Review of implementation of Agenda 21 and the Rio Principles

Previous PDF

Next PDF

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

Division for Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development in the 21st Century (SD21)

Review of implementation of

Agenda 21 and the Rio Principles

Detailed review of implementation of Agenda 21

January 2012

DRAFT Study prepared by: Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future ii

Acknowledgement

This study is part of the Sustainable Development in the 21st century (SD21) project. The project is implemented by the Division for Sustainable Development of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and funded by the European Commission - Directorate-General for Environment - Thematic Programme for Environment and sustainable management of Natural

Resources, including energy (ENRTP).

The study was carried out by Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future (SF), under the

supervision of David Le Blanc (UN-DESA). Within SF, theeditorial team was Hannah Stoddart and Farooq Ullah. Contributors on individual chapters of the report were Nicholas Allen, Margaret Araujo Dantas, Jack Cornforth, Beth Harrison, Paul Heigl, Emma Mullins, Brittany Murales, Maliha Muzammil, Emma Norris, Andy Shaw, Jan-Gustav Strandenaes, Sara Svensson and Farooq Ullah. Claire Fellini (UN-DESA) prepared the manuscript. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the United

Nations Department of Economic and

S ocial Affairs and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. iii

Contents

Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1

Implementation of Agenda 21 and progress in implementation of the Rio principles............ 1

Implementation of Agenda 21...................................................................................................... 1

Methodology................................................................................................................................... 2

Section 1: Social and Economic Dimensions............................................................................... 5

Chapter 2: International Cooperation to Accelerate Sustainable Development in Developing

Countries & Related Domestic Policies....................................................................................... 6

Introduction................................................................................................................................. 6

Implementation........................................................................................................................... 6

Challenges and Conflicts .......................................................................................................... 10

Way Forward............................................................................................................................. 14

Chapter 3: Combating Poverty.................................................................................................. 15

Introduction............................................................................................................................... 15

Implementation......................................................................................................................... 16

Challenges and Conflicts .......................................................................................................... 21

Way Forward............................................................................................................................. 24

Chapter 4: Changing Consumption Patterns ........................................................................... 25

Introduction............................................................................................................................... 25

Implementation......................................................................................................................... 25

Challenges and Conflicts .......................................................................................................... 33

Way Forward............................................................................................................................. 35

Chapter 5: Demographic Dynamics and Sustainability........................................................... 37

Introduction............................................................................................................................... 37

Implementation......................................................................................................................... 37

Challenges and Conflicts .......................................................................................................... 43

Way Forward............................................................................................................................. 45

Chapter 6: Protecting & Promoting Human Health................................................................ 48

Introduction............................................................................................................................... 48

Implementation......................................................................................................................... 48

Challenges and Conflicts .......................................................................................................... 51

Way Forward............................................................................................................................. 55

Chapter 7: Promoting Sustainable Human Settlement Development.................................... 57

Introduction............................................................................................................................... 57

Implementation......................................................................................................................... 57

Challenges and Conflicts .......................................................................................................... 64

Way Forward............................................................................................................................. 68

Chapter 8: Integrating Environment & Development in Decision-Making........................... 70

Introduction............................................................................................................................... 70

Implementation......................................................................................................................... 70

Challenges and Conflicts .......................................................................................................... 78

Way Forward............................................................................................................................. 80

Section 2: Conservation and Management of Resources for Development............................ 82

Chapter 9: Protection of the Atmosphere................................................................................. 83

Introduction............................................................................................................................... 83

Implementation......................................................................................................................... 83

Challenges and conflicts ........................................................................................................... 90

Way Forward............................................................................................................................. 93

Chapter 10: Integrated Approach to the Planning & Management of Land Resources...... 95 iv

Introduction............................................................................................................................... 95

Implementation......................................................................................................................... 96

Challenges and Conflicts .......................................................................................................... 99

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 102

Chapter 11: Combating Deforestation .................................................................................... 104

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 104

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 104

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 113

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 117

Chapter 12: Managing Fragile Ecosystems: Desertification and Drought .......................... 121

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 121

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 122

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 128

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 129

Chapter 13: Managing Fragile Ecosystems: Sustainable Mountain Development............. 131

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 131

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 132

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 135

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 137

Chapter 14: Promoting Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development.......................... 139

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 139

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 139

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 145

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 148

Chapter 15: Conservation of biological diversity................................................................... 150

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 150

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 150

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 154

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 160

Chapter 16: Environmentally Sound Management of Biotechnology.................................. 164

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 164

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 164

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 167

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 169

Chapter 17: Protection of the Oceans, All Kinds of Seas, Including Enclosed and Semi- Enclosed Seas, and Coastal Areas and the Protection, Rational Use and Development of

Their Living Resources............................................................................................................. 170

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 170

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 170

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 176

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 180

Chapter 18: Protection of the Quality and Supply of Freshwater Resources: Application of Integrated Approaches to the Development, Management and Use of Water Resources.. 183

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 183

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 183

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 189

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 190

Chapter 19: Environmentally sound management of toxic chemicals, including prevention

of illegal international traffic in toxic and dangerous products............................................ 192

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 192

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 192

v

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 196

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 197

Chapter 20: Environmentally Sound Management of Hazardous Wastes, Including

Prevention of Illegal International Traffic in Hazardous Wastes......................................... 199

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 199

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 199

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 203

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 205

Chapter 21: Environmentally Sound Management of Solid Wastes & Sewage-Related Issues

..................................................................................................................................................... 207

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 207

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 207

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 212

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 214

Chapter 22: Promoting the safe and environmentally sound management of radioactive

wastes.......................................................................................................................................... 216

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 216

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 216

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 217

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 220

Section 3: Strengthening the Role of Major Groups.............................................................. 222

Chapter 23: Preamble............................................................................................................... 223

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 223

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 225

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 230

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 232

Chapter 24: Global Action for Women Towards Sustainable & Equitable Development. 235

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 235

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 236

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 245

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 246

Chapter 25: Children and Youth in Sustainable Development.............................................248

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 248

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 249

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 255

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 256

Chapter 26: Recognizing and Strengthening the Role of Indigenous People and Their

Communities.............................................................................................................................. 258

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 258

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 259

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 264

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 265

Chapter 27: Strengthening the Role of Non-Governmental Organizations - Partners for

Sustainable Development.......................................................................................................... 267

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 267

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 268

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 271

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 273

Chapter 28: Local Authorities" Initiatives in Support of Agenda 21....................................275

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 275

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 276

vi

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 281

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 282

Chapter 29: Strengthening the Role of Workers & Their Trade Unions............................. 284

Introduction/Context............................................................................................................... 284

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 286

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 290

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 291

Chapter 30: Strengthening the Role of Business & Industry................................................ 293

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 293

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 293

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 298

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 300

Chapter 31: Scientific & Technological Community............................................................. 301

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 301

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 302

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 308

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 311

Chapter 32: Strengthening the Role of Farmers.................................................................... 314

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 314

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 315

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 319

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 320

Section 4: Means of Implementation ....................................................................................... 323

Chapter 33: Financial Resource and Mechanisms................................................................. 324

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 324

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 324

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 330

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 333

Chapter 34: Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology, Cooperation and Capacity-

Building...................................................................................................................................... 335

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 335

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 335

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 341

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 342

Chapter 35: Science for Sustainable Development................................................................. 343

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 343

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 343

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 350

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 354

Chapter 36: Promoting education, public awareness and training ...................................... 357

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 357

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 357

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 364

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 366

Chapter 37: National Mechanisms & International Cooperation for Capacity-Building in

Developing Countries................................................................................................................ 368

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 368

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 368

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 373

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 374

Chapter 38: International Institutional Arrangements......................................................... 376

vii

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 376

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 376

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 385

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 387

Chapter 39: International Legal Instruments and Mechanisms........................................... 389

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 389

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 389

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 393

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 395

Chapter 40: Information for Decision-Making....................................................................... 397

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 397

Implementation....................................................................................................................... 397

Challenges and Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 403

Way Forward........................................................................................................................... 405

Introduction

This report is one of three companion reports produced under the first study of the "Sustainable development in the 21st century" (SD21) project, an undertaking of the Division for Sustainable Development of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA). The overarching objective of the SD21 project is to construct a coherent vision of sustainable development in the 21st century. The project, funded by the European Commission - Directorate- General for Environment, aims to provide a high quality analytical input to the Rio+20 conference. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), which will gather UN member states and other stakeholders in Brazil in 2012, is a key occasion to take stock of 20 years of action at all levels to promote sustainable development, and to provide a clear vision and way forward for the international community, national governments, partnerships and other stakeholders in implementing the sustainable development agenda in an integrated manner.

The SD21 project is built around a series of studies that will inform a synthesis report,

"Sustainable development in the 21st century" (SD21). The SD21 body of studies is expected to become an important analytical and political contribution in its own right. Studies under the SD21 project will cover the following topics: assessment of progress since the Earth Summit; emerging issues ; long-term sustainable development scenarios; tools for managing sustainable economies; national and international institutions for sustainable development; and sector assessments. Implementation of Agenda 21 and progress in implementation of the Rio principles Twenty years after the Rio summit, this first study aims to provide an assessment of the progress and gaps made in the implementation of some of the Rio outcomes, specifically, Agenda 21 and the Rio Principles.

The study comprises of three outputs:

· Detailed review of progress in implementation of the Rio Principles · Detailed review of implementation of Agenda 21 · Synthesis report on implementation of Agenda 21 and the Rio Principles.

Implementation of Agenda 21

When it was adopted in 1992 at the earth Summit, Agenda 21 - "a programme of action for sustainable development worldwide" as stated in its Introduction, had the ambition of being "a comprehensive blueprint for action to be taken globally, from now into the twenty-first century". The ambition was high, and so were the stated goals of the Agenda: · improving the living standards of those in need; 2

· better manage and protect the ecosystem;

· bring about a more prosperous future for all. Various chapters of Agenda 21 have progressed at different paces. Information on progress and gaps in the implementation of SD commitments and decisions exist, but is often scattered. On some of the topics, global assessments have been undertaken by the international community (IPCC reports; Global Energy Assessment; IAASTD for agriculture). Academic institutions and think tanks often produce reports on specific sectors or topics (e.g. oceans, renewable energy, climate change). Short reviews of the state of implementation of various chapters or clusters of chapters of Agenda

21 were produced by the UN for the Commission on Sustainable Development sessions in 1997

("Rio+5") and 2001 in preparation of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development. These reviews, which were 5-10 pages long, were produced by the UN agencies in charge of specific chapters of Agenda 21 according to the arrangements agreed by the now extinct Inter-

Agency Committee on Sustainable Development.

The UN Division for Sustainable Development regularly undertakes reviews of progress made under the clusters of issues in different CSD cycles, in the form of both issue-specific (sectoral) reports, so-called "overview reports", and trends reports. Since the Trends report produced by DSD for the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 there seems to have been no fully-encompassing review exercise done by the Division for Sustainable Development. This study aims to provide a systematic, although not by any means fully comprehensive, assessment of the progress and gaps in the implementation of the programmes of action included in the 40 chapters of Agenda 21. The study is aiming to complement existing exercises of the types mentioned above, by:

1. providing a basic but systematic coverage of issues in Agenda 21 (by opposition to a

subset of issues under each CSD cluster), including state of progress, institutional changes since 1992, outstanding issues that were either not included in Agenda 21 or rose to major importance since then;

2. assessing the main factors having caused progress or lack of progress on the different

chapters, and suggesting alternative approaches to facilitate faster progress;

3. and synthesizing the lessons from the detailed examination of the chapters of Agenda 21

and suggesting priorities for progress across the board.

The reader is invited to access the two other reports produced under this study, namely the

detailed review of implementation of the Rio Principles and the synthesis report on implementation of Agenda 21 and the Rio Principles.

Methodology

The Division for Sustainable Development commissioned Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future (SF) to undertake this review to provide an assessment of the progress and gaps made in the implementation of two key Rio outcomes; Agenda 21 and the Principles of the Rio

Declaration.

3 Stakeholder Forum has a strong institutional memory that spans over two decades and has been deeply engaged in the processes that were developed out of the UNCED in 1992 - such as the CBD conferences as well as the UNFCCC negotiations and myriad other conferences both organised by the UN and other stakeholders (NGOs, local authorities, trade unions, youth, etc.).

The terms of reference for the study included:

· A comprehensive review of each of the Chapters of Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration

Principles;

· A synthesis report that offers and overview of the successful implementation of the above; as well as areas that have been a barrier or challenge to implementations; and · A table or traffic light system to 'score" each of the Chapters and Principles to offer a quick reference to the status of implementations. The work was carried out between May and November 2011. Stakeholder Forum used both in- house capacity and external consultants with particular policy expertise to undertake the review. Based on the terms of reference, Stakeholder Forum developed a generic template for the review of each of the individual chapters and principles to streamline the process that was conducted by multiple people; and to ensure consistency in the research and writing approach. The template is outlined in more detail below.

Agenda 21 and Rio Principles drafting template

Introduction

This section should set the context, why the principle is important, what factors gave rise to it.

Implementation

This section should analyse the status of implementation of the principle globally, including the following: · A broad and brief analysis of global implementation i.e. how prevalent the principle is in global and national decision-making, policy and law, the main drivers · Examples of regional and national implementation (specific case studies only, a full-scale analysis of national implementation will not be possible) · Examples of global, regional and national instruments, including evaluations of efficacy of instruments where possible · An overview of the key actors and organisations that have influenced progress towards implementation, their past, ongoing and future campaigns

Challenges and Conflicts

This section should focus on some of the challenges to implementation of the Principle more generally,

including: · Disparities in the application of the principle across UN Member States, including an analysis of political, economic, cultural and industrial interests that might influence this · Conflicting policies and legislation globally e.g. World Bank, IMF, WTO · Interest groups and actors that are opposed to the implementation of the principle

The Way Forward

This section should provide an analysis of the possible 'way forward" for the Principle, based on the

author"s own analysis of the 'state of the debate" but also referring to views of experts in the field. It

should include the following: · Identification of further steps that could be taken to more fully implement the Principle in 4 question · Identification of the trade-offs associated with the Principle that must be addressed · Identification of particular actors (where relevant) whose approach will need to change · Identification of prevailing social, political, environmental and economic drivers which will influence the likelihood of implementation. Stakeholder Forum conducted the initial drafting in-house for each of the 39 Agenda 21 Chapters and 27 Rio Principles. This was done by a core team of researchers familiar with the area of work. Once initial drafts had been completed these were sent to DSD for comment and review and to identify gaps in the reports as well as to emphasise areas of focus and discuss areas that needed particular attention. Once feedback was received Stakeholder Forum engaged expert consultants to take the initial research and compile a more focussed and detailed analysis of particular Chapters and Principles. Stakeholder Forum then played a coordinating and editorialquotesdbs_dbs48.pdfusesText_48

[PDF] agenda 21 developpement durable pdf

[PDF] agenda 21 objectifs

[PDF] agenda 21 pdf document

[PDF] agenda 21 pdf français

[PDF] agenda udem 2017-2018

[PDF] agent administratif fiche métier pole emploi

[PDF] agent assermenté mairie

[PDF] agent commercial import export

[PDF] agent de maitrise

[PDF] agent de manutention definition

[PDF] agent de propreté salaire suisse

[PDF] agent technique de vente 1er année

[PDF] agent technique de vente ofppt cours

[PDF] agent technique de vente ofppt cours pdf

[PDF] agir avec humanisme