[PDF] 24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 1 11/09/2009 14

View - Download 24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 1 11/09/2009 14

Previous PDF

Next PDF

a24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 111/09/2009 14:41:32

24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 211/09/2009 14:41:32

ICN Framework

of Disaster Nursing Competencies

International Council of Nurses

24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 111/09/2009 14:41:33

ISBN 978-92-95065-79-6

© 2009 World Health Organization and International Council of Nurses All rights, including translation into other languages, reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in print, by photostatic means or in any other manner, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or sold without the express written permission of the International Council of Nurses. Short excerpts (under 300 words) may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. Requests for permission to reproduce, in part or in whole, or to translate them - whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution - should be addressed to Publications Coordinator, International Council of Nurses (ICN), 3 place Jean Marteau, 1201 Geneva Sw itzerland, Tel.: +41 22 908 0100; Fax: +41 22 908 0101; Email: turin@icn.ch. Photograph credits: pp. 1 Julien Harneis; pp. 9 © International Labour Organization/ Crozet M.; pp. 33 © 2007 Manuel C. Zacarias, Courtesy of Photoshare; pp. 61 © John Urban, Courtesy of Interplast; cover, pp. 47 WHO/WPRO.

24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 211/09/2009 14:41:33

iii

ICN Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies

Forward iv

Acknowledgements v

Chapter One: Background 1

Chapter Two: Impetus for the Development of the Framework of

Disaster Nursing Competencies

9

International Efforts

11

The Role of Nurses

15

Impact of Gaps in Knowledge

19

Issues of Ethics and Cultural Competency

25

Barriers to Nurse Involvement

26

Disaster Nursing Education

28
Chapter Three: Development of the ICN Disaster Nursing

Competencies

33

Definition of Competence and Competencies

34

Need for Competencies in Disaster Nursing

35

Literature Review

36

Key Documents

37

The Disaster Management Continuum

39

Prevention/Mitigation 41

Preparedness

42

Response

44

Recovery/Rehabilitation

45
Chapter Four: The ICN Framework of the Disaster Nursing

Competencies

47
Risk Reduction, Disease Prevention and Health Promotion 50

Policy Development and Planning

51
Ethical Practice, Legal Practice and Accountability 52

Communication and Information Sharing

53

Education and Preparedness

54

Care of Communities

55

Care of Individuals and Families

56

Psychological Care

58
Care of Vulnerable Populations (Special Needs Populations) 58

Long-term Care Needs

59

Chapter Five: Recommendations 61

References 67

Table of Contents

24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 311/09/2009 14:41:33

iv

Forward

Disasters occur daily throughout the world, posing severe public health threats and resulting in tremendous impact in terms of deaths, injuries, infrastructure and facility damage and destruction, suffering, and loss of livelihoods. Developing nations and lesser-resourced countries and communities are particularly vulnerable to the impact of disasters on health systems and health care and overall social and economic functioning. Nurses, as the largest group of committed health personnel, often working in difficult situations with limited resources, play vital roles when disasters strike, serving as first responders, triage officers and care providers, coordinators of care and services, providers of information or education, and counsellors. However, health systems and health care delivery in disaster situations are only successful when nurses have the fundamental disaster competencies or abilities to rapidly and effectively respond. The International Council of Nurses and the World Health Organization, in support of Member States and nurses, recognize the urgent need for acceleration of efforts to build capacities of nurses at all levels to safeguard populations, limit injuries and deaths, and maintain health system functioning and community well-being, in the midst of continued health threats and disasters. This publication signifies continued partnerships between the International Council of Nurses, the World Health Organization and the populations we serve in strengthening the essential capacities of nurses to deliver disaster and emergency services within an ever-changing world with ongoing health threats and disasters.

Forward

Dr Hiroko Minami

President, International Council of Nurses

Dr Shin Young-soo

Regional Director, WHO

Western Pacific Region

24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 411/09/2009 14:41:33

v

ICN Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies

This publication was prepared by Donna M Dorsey, MS, RN, FAAN, for the International Council of Nurses (ICN). Special acknowledgement is due to the ICN and its President, Dr Hiroko Minami, for their leadership in the development of the Disaster Nursing Competencies. Creating competencies that support the education and role of nurses in disasters will guide the building of a nursing workforce better prepared to respond and provide humanitarian aid in the event of a disaster. The publication was made possible by the following persons who contributed time and suggestions in reviewing the publication drafts: Geoff Annals, Chief Executive, New Zealand Nursing Organisation; Professor Paul Arbon, Chair of Nursing, School of Midwifery, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Elizabeth Berryman, Emergency Health Advisor, Save the Children, London, England; Lisa Conlon, Lecturer, Faculty of Nursing, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia; Carl Magnum, PhD, RN, Emergency Preparedness and Response Specialist, University of Mississippi, School of Nursing, Jackson, Mississippi; Lisa Ogcheol, PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, Disaster Nursing, Red Cross College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Barbara Russell, MPH, RN, Director Infection Control, Baptist Health Services, Miami, Florida; Da'ad Shokeh, Secretary General, Jordanian Nursing Council; Bente Sivertsen, Policy Adviser, Nursing and Midwifery Programme, WHO Regional Office for Europe; Pearl Stoker, MN, RN; Willama T Stuart, RN; Ron Thompson, Consultant in Public Health, Waterloo, Merseyside; Tomiko Toda, Department of International Affairs, Japanese Nursing Association; Teresa Yin, PhD, RN, Director of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan (China); Richard Garfield, Project Manager, World Health Organization/Health Action in Crises; and Kathleen Fritsch, Regional Adviser in Nursing, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Their knowledge of disaster nursing, insight and thorough review were exceptionally valuable in ensuring that the

Acknowledgements

24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 511/09/2009 14:41:33

vi

Acknowledgements

publication addressed all aspects of disaster nursing. Their expertise was deeply appreciated. Special acknowledgement and thanks are given to Mireille Kingma, Consultant, Nursing and Health Policy, ICN, for her advice, encouragement and patience during the development of this publication, as well as her support of disaster nursing and ICN's Disaster Response Network. Appreciation is expressed for the financial and technical support provided by the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific.

Design and layout were done by Zando Escultura.

24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 611/09/2009 14:41:33

1

Chapter One:

Background

24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 111/09/2009 14:41:35

2

Chapter One:

Background

Chapter One:

Background

Disasters occur every day somewhere in the world with dramatic impact on individuals, families and communities. Whether the disaster is a single- family house fire or a tsunami that devastates a community, the quality of life is threatened.

World Disasters Report 2007

reported a 60% increase in disasters in the last decade (1997-2006) over the previous decade (1987-

1996). Additionally, the number of reported deaths grew from 600 000 to

over 1.2 million. At the same time, the number of people affected rose from

230 million to 270 million, a 17% increase (Klyman, Kouppari & Mukheir,

2007).

Developing nations are particularly vulnerable due to the lack of funding for disaster preparedness and the impact of disasters on the health care, economic and social infrastructure of the affected region and subsequently, the country. Disasters can change the face of a developing nation in seconds, wiping out years of development. Nations with greater resources are usually able to move more quickly to restore the infrastructure and economy. However, no matter where the disaster happens, the impact on the population and community can be devastating, leaving no nation, region or community immune. "According to the United Nation"s Bureau of Crisis Prevention and Recovery, some 75 percent of the world"s population live in areas that have been affected at least once by either an earthquake, a tropical cyclone, flooding or drought between 1980 and 2000" (IRIN, 2007, p. 3). Natural disasters have been increasing over the last 50 years, with the greatest increase in the last decade (Birnbaum, 2002). "On average during 2000-

2006, 116.3 countries were hit by disasters each year, but in 2007 it was

133" (Scheuren et al., 2008, p. 6). As in 2006, Asia was most affected by

disasters in both the number of deaths and the number of disasters in 2007 (Hoyois, Schauren, Below & Guha-Sapir, 2007; Scheuren et al., 2008). These statistics amplify the importance of sound disaster planning and mitigation

Chapter One: Background

24 June 2009 Disaster Nursing Competencies.indd 211/09/2009 14:41:35

3

ICN Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies

ICN Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies

efforts. Included in these efforts is the preparation of a workforce that is able to respond effectively in the time of a disaster. There is no single agreed-upon definition of disaster and multiple definitions of disaster are found in the literature. Governments, humanitarian groups and other organizations tend to define a disaster as it reflects the mission, organization and needs of the entity. But regardless of the specific definition, all definitions address the concepts of widespread destruction of the environment, the economic, social and health care infrastructure, as well as loss of life, overwhelming the ability of individuals and the community to respond using their own resources. The following definitions from the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and the World Health Organization are examples of how various organizations define disaster. "A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources"quotesdbs_dbs26.pdfusesText_32

[PDF] Blog Liste d`objets

[PDF] Blog Marie Ordinis - Compagnie In

[PDF] blog Marion en cours.pages

[PDF] Blog Mélennec actualités et politique - Logistique

[PDF] Blog Notre Dame d`Oé - Ville de Notre-Dame-d`Oé

[PDF] Blog post - Anciens Et Réunions

[PDF] blog PV CM 17 mars 2011 - Gestion De Projet

[PDF] Blog Utilisateurs Crétin - Gestion De Données

[PDF] Blog von Einrichten-Design unter den Top 10 in Deutschland

[PDF] Blog WordPress ENOE

[PDF] Blog, mode d`emploi 1. Se connecter 2. Créer un article

[PDF] Blogging around and beyond the Israeli

[PDF] blognoir

[PDF] Blogosphère - Entre-gens - France

[PDF] Blogs - EuroTech - Logiciels Graphiques