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THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBACEOUS

PLANTING IN BRITAIN AND GERMANY FROM

THE

NINETEENTH TO EARLY TWENTIETH

CENTURY

Volume 11

Of

2 Volumes

ii

Isabelle Van Groeningen

Thesis

submitted for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy

University

of York

Institute

of Advanced Architectural Studies

May 1996

ST COPY

AVAILA L

Variable print quality

Appendix 1: Summer Flowering Plants Listed by Philip Miller in 1731

APPENDIX

1: SUMMER FLOWERING PLANTS LISTED BY PHILIP

MILLER IN 1731

Source:

Miller, Philip: The Gardener's Dictionary, 1731

Notes: 1. The following list was published by Miller indicating what was flowering in the months of June, July, August and September, which

are

the four months during which the majority of herbaceous plants flower. The nomenclature of Miller's names has, where possible, been

updated and added between brackets with the help of Tony Lord. 2. The nomenclature or identity of plants marked with a? is uncertain. acanthus (Acanthus spp. ) aloes (Aloe vera) althaea frutex (Hibiscus syriacus) amaranthus (Amaranthus sp. ) amaranthoides (globe amaranth: Gomphrena globosa) annual stock, July-flowers (Matthiola incana) antirrhinum or calves snouts (Antirrhinum majus), apocynum (Millees Apocynum contains several species from Asclepiadeae and Apocynaceae: Asclepias, Rhabdadenia, Echites, Forsteronia, Prestonia as well as Apocynum asters (Aster spp. ) auricula, (Primula auricula) autumn hyacinth (Polyxena corymbosa) autumn crocus (Crocus speciosus) autumnalis * balsamines (Impatiens balsamina) bean caper (Zygophyllum)

bloody cranesbill (Geranium sanguineum) blue feathered hyacinth (Muscari comosum monstrosum) broad-leaved upright lily of the valley (Convallaria lati/blia or Polygonatum spp) bulbous irises (Iris xiphium) bulbous fiery lily (Lilium bulbiferum)

buphthalmums of sorts (probalby Anthemis spp. ) campanulas (Campanula spp. ) candytuft (Iberis sempervirens) Canterbury bells (Campanula medium) Capsicum indicum (Capsicum annuum) cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) catchfly (Silene diolca and S. viscosa) china pink (Dianthus chinensis) chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum)

Page 525

Appendix 1: Summer Flowering Plants Listed by Philip Miller in 1731 colchicurn (Colchicum autumnale) columbines (Aquilegia)

Colutea

aethiopica (Sutherlandiaftutescens) convulvulus (Convolvulus lineatus and otherspecies, as well as Jpomeq) cotyledons (including Crassula arborescens and Kalanchoe spp. and other

Crassulacea genera)

cyclamen (Cyclamen sp) daizies (Bellisperennis) day lily (Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus) deep red apocynum (Apocynum or Asclepias curasavica ?) double and single sweet williams (Dianthus barbatus) double soap wort (Saponaria officinalis plena) double ragged Robin (Lychnisflos-cuculipleniflora) double ptarmica or sneezewort (Achilleaptarmica) double camomile (Chamaemelum nobile'Flore Pleno') double white mountain ranunculus (Ranunculus aconitifoliusflore pleno) double ptarmica or sneezewort (Achilleaptarmicaflorepleno) double white lily (Lilium candidum'Plenum') double rose campion (Lychnis coronaria - double form) double perennial catchfly (Silene dioica'Flore Pleno'= ten week stock) dwarf annual stocks (Matthiola incana annua) dwarf lychnis (Silene Gallica var. quinquevulnera) eternal flowers (Xeranthemum, Gomphrena, Helychrysum) everlasting peas (Lathyrus latifolius) fairchild's mule (Dianthus caryophyllus x barbatus) female balsamine (Impatiens balsamina)

Flammula

Jovis (Clematis)

flos adonis (Adonis) foxgloves (Digitalisferruginea) fraxinella white and red (Dictamnus alhus) French and African marigolds (Tagetes patula and T erecta)

French willow (Epilobium latifolium)

French

white and red honeysuckle (Hedysarum coronarium) Fritillaria corassa (Stapelia hirsuta, Orbea variegata) gentianellas (Gentiana acaulis) geranium (Pelargonium spp. ) gladiolus (Watsonia merianiae golden

Rod (Solidago sp. )

great gentian (Gentiana lutea and G. asclepiadea) great blue bottle (Centaurea montana) Greek valerian with blue and white flowers (Polemonium caeruleum cvs. )

Guernsey

lily (Nerine sarniensis) belladonna lillies (Amaryllis belladonna) hieraciums (Hieracium spp., Crepis spp., Tolpis barbata)

Page 526

Appendix 1: Summer Flowering Plants Listed by Philip Miller in 1731 hollyhocks (Alcaea rosea) Indian pinks (Dianthus chinensis) Indian figs (Opuntia)

Indian scabious (Scabiosa atropurpurea) jasmine (Jasminum sp. ) I larkspurs (Consolida or Delphinium)

Lavatera

leucanthernum or ox-eyed daisy (Anthemis cretica, Argyranthemumfrutescens and other odd species from Chrysathemum) linarias (Linaria sp) lobels (Rapuntium spp. ) lupins of sorts (Lupinus sp. ) lychnideas (Phlox spp. ) lychnis from the Alps, deep red flowers (Lychnis alpina) martagons (Lilium martagon) marvel of Peru (Mirabilisjalapa) moly's (Alium moly and other broad-leaved Allium spp. ) moly's virgin bower (Clematisfiammula) monk's hood (Aconitum sp. ) ' mountain smooth leaved and Alpine blue sea holly (Eryngium spp. ) myrtles (Myrtus communis)

Nasturtium indicum. (Tropaeolum)

nettle-leaved campanula with blue and white flowers (Campanula trachelium) single and double nigella (Nigella damascena) old manshead pinks (Dianthus cultivars) orange lily (Lilium bulbiferum var croceum) orange (Citrus spp. ) ornithogalum (Ornithogalum spp. ) painted lady (Dianthus cultivars) papaver (Papaver spp. ) passion flower (Passiflora sp. ) peach-leaved campanula (Campanulapersicifolia) persicaria (Persicaria sp. ) perywinkle (Vinca sp. )

Phalangium

(Anthericum spp. or Bulbine spp. ) pinks (Dianthus spp. and cvs) polyanthus (Primula x polyantha) red, white and garden valerian (Centranthus ruber) red and white, double and single, batchelor's buttons (Silene dioica, S. dioica'Flore Plena!, S. latifolia subsp. alba and S. latifolia subsp. alba 'Multiplex') red valerian (Centranthus ruber) rose

campions, double and single, white and red (Lychnis coronaria) saffron (Crocus sativus) Savoy and Tradescant's spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana)

UNIVERSITY

OFYORK

LIBRARY

Appendix 1: Summer Flowering Plants Listed by Philip Miller in 1731 scabiosa (Scabiosa and Succisa spp. ) scarlet martagon (Liliumpomponium) scarlet lychnis (Lychnis chalcedonica) scarlet beans (Phaseolus coccineus) scorpion se(n)na (Hypocrepis emerus) sea daffodil (Pancratium maritimum, P. illyricum alos other spp. and

Hymenocallis spp. )

sea holly (Eryngium maritimum) sea ragwort (Cineraria and Senecio cineraria) sedurns (Sedum, Aeonium and Sempervivum spp. ) Sir George Wheeler's tutsan (Hypericum x inodorum? ) snap dragon (Antirrhinum sp. )

Spanish

figwort (Scrophularia sambucifolia) starworts (Aster and Callistephus spp. ) stock-gilliflower (Matthiolia incana) stramoniums (Datura spp. ) striped white lily (Lilium candidum cv. ) sunflowers (Helianthus sp. ) sweet sultan (Amberboa moschata) sweet, pea (Lathyrus odoratus) sweet-scented pea (Lathyrus odoratus) thorn apples (Datura spp. ) thrifts (Armeria maritima and spp. ) tree primrose (Oenothera spp. ) tree mallow (Lavatera arborea or L. mauritanica and other spp. ) tuberoses (Polianthes tuberosa) Venus , navelwort (Omphalodes verna, 0. finifolia and other spp. ) Venus looking-glass (Legousia speculum-veneris Virginian spiderwort (Tradescantia sp. ) white hellebore (Veratrum spp. ) white wall flowers double and single (Erysimum cheiri) yellow perennial and white tangier ftunitories (Corydafis spp. )

Page 528

Appendix 2: Herbaceous Perennials at Hartwell, 1799 APPENDIX 2: HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AT HARTWELL, 1799 Source: Harvey, John H., " The Plants at Hartwell 1799, Identified", Garden History,

Vol. 18. No 2 p. 143

Notes: 1. The following list is an extract of the plants John Harvey attempted to identify from the Hartwell Plans.

2. * denotes the plant may be treated as an annual.

3. John Harvey was uncertain about the identification or nomenclature

of the plants marked with a question mark:

Achillea

tomentosa -yellow yarrow

Aconiturn napellus - monkshood

Althaea rosea - hollyhock *

Anemone

coronaria plena, A. hortensis - anemones

Antirrhinum. majus - snapdragon

Aquilegia vulgaris - columbine

Asphodeline lutea, A. albus, A. microcarpus - asphodele Aster ? amellus , A. ? dumosus, A. ? ericoides, A. ? tradescantii, A. ? Umbellatus - Michaelmas daisy

Delphinium elaturn - bee larkspur

Dianthus sylvestris - dwarf Pink Dictamnus albus - fraxinella

Filipendula ulmaria - meadow sweet

Geranium ? pratense - tall geranium, G. tuberosum - low purple geranium

Helianthus

decapetalus plenus - sunflower *, Helianthus giganteus - tall sunflower

? Hieracium aurantiacurn - mouse ear?, H. ? pilosella - mouse ear, H. umbellatum - tall yellow hawkweed

Iberis

? gibraltarica

Lillium candidurn - white lily

Linaria

? purpurea

Lychnis

(viscaria) alpina - mountain lychnis, L. coronaria - rose campion, L. flos- cuculi pleniflora. - double ragged robin

Malva alcea - tall red mallow

Muscari commosum Miller monstrosum ('PlumosurW) - fringed hyacinth

Nicotiana rustica - henbane *

Papaver

orientale plenum - scarlet poppy

Phlox maculata, purpurea

Polemonium caeruleum - Jacob's ladder

Saxifraga

umbrosa - London pride

Page 529

Appendix 2: Herbaceous Perennials at Hartwell, 1799

Scabiosa

cretica - Cretan scabious Solidago canadensis - golden rod * ? Tolpis barbata - purple hawkweed

Valeriana phu - valerian Verbascum phoenicum - red mullin Veronica ? Incana, V. ? longifolia - speedwell *, V. (Veronicastrum) virginica - tall

speedwell ck Viola odorata flore pleno - double purple violet, blue violet, V. tricolor - Heartsease. Page 530
Appendix 3: Analysis of C. D. 's Plantlist in The Gardenees Magazine, 1831

APPENDIX

3: ANALYSIS OF C. D. 'S PLANTLIST IN THE GARDENER'S

MAGAZINE, 1831

Source:

D., C., and Baillie, W. , 'Plan and Select List of Plants for a Flower Garden in the Ancient Style', The Gardener's Magazine, Vol . 7,183 1, pp. 298-302, (Planby C.

D., list by Mr W. Baillie of Dropmore Gardens)

The list, which accompanies illustration 49 in chapter 3.4.2, contains the plants which were growing in the beds of a flower garden with eighty-sevenflower beds and bordes. There were two sets of plants for each bed, one for summer and autumn display, the other for winter and spring display. Some beds contained the same plants all year round, others changed with the seasons. 'Mere was a total of thirty-two beds in which the same plants were listed for the winter and summer seasons, though it is not always clear if C. D. wanted the plants to remain in situ or whether they were replanted. Only on

six occasions did he provide the reader with any cultural information. This was for Delphinium ajacis which had to be sown in February, and Oxalis cernua, Leucojum vernum, Ixia crocata and L fenestralis which all had to be plunged in pots for the winter and spring season. Of the eighty-seven beds, six were for'A mingled flower-border', four'Herbaceous

plants with annuals or bulbs', two'Herbaceous border with choice plants or bulbs', two 'Selected herbaceous plants'and three for'Bulbs, various bulbs or early bulbs'. Notes: 1. Names in between brackets give updated nomenclature. 2.

A annual or biennial

HP herbaceous perennial

S. shrub or sub shrub

B bulb, cormor tuber

-Tý tender or not reliably hardy in British Isles 3. The numbers in front of the names indicate the number of times they occurred on the list.

Alonsoa

incisifolia TS

Anagallis monelli A

Anagallis grandiflorum (A. Linifolia) A

2

Anemone hortensis simplex B

Anemone coronaria simplex B

3

Anemone pavonina B

Anemone coronaria plcna B

Anemone hortensis B

Anemone apermina HP

Bouvardia

triphylla TS Page 531
Appendix 3: Analysis of C. D. 's Plantlist in The GardeneesMagazine, 1831

Brompton

stock.

Calceolaria rugosa (C. integrifolia) TS

Calceolaria

integrifolia TS 2

Campanula pyramidalis A

Clarkia

pufchella A

Commelina

coelestis THP

Coreopsis

tinctoria A

Crocus

vernus B

Crocus

versicolor B

Crocus

biflorus B

2 Cydonia speciosa S

2 Daphne enebrurn S

2 Delphinium grandiflorum, plenum HP

2

Delphinium grandiflorurn simplex HP

2 Delphinium ajacis, one sown in February A

2 Dianthus hortensis ?

2 Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) HP

2 Dianthus caryophyllus (clove) HP

2 Dianthus chinensis A

Eranthis

hyemalis B

Erythronium

dens canis B

Fuchsia

coccinea S

Fuchsia

gracilis (F. magellanica gracilis) BS

Galanthus

nivalis B

2 Georgina (Dahlia) TB

2 Gladiolus cardinalis TB

2 Helianthemura S

Heliophila araboides (H. pilosa'Incisa! ) A

Heliotropiurn

peruvianum TS

Heliotropiurn

corymbosum TS

2 Hepatica triloba HP

2 Hesperis matronalis plena alba (H. matronalis alba plena) HP

4 Hyacinthus orientalis pl. ruber B

Hyacinthus

orientalis fl. pl. alb. B

Hyacinthus

orientalis B

2 Hyacinthus orientalis plenus caeruleus B

Hydrangea

hortensis (H. macrophylla'Sir Joseph Banks'? ) TS

Isotoma

axillaris TUP Ixia crocata, plunged in pots B Ixia fenestralis, plunged in pots B

Leucojurn

aestivum B 2

Leucojurn vernum in pots B

Leucojum vernum. B

Page 532

Appendix 3: Analysis of C. D. 's Plantlist in The Gardenees Magazine, 1831

Leucojurn B

Liliurn

and similar bulbs B

Lilium B

Linaria

alpina HP

Lobelia

decumbens THP

Lobelia

lutea THP

Lobelia

splendens ? THP

2 Lobelia unidentata. ? THP

Lobelia

fulgens THP

Lobelia

cardinalis THP

2 Lychnis chalcedonica flore pleno (L. chalcedonica rubra plena) HP

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