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American English Language Training

(AELT)

Handbook

for

Christian Teachers

A guide for teaching English overseas

2007

Lois P. Webster, Ph.D.

American English Language Training

(AELT)

Handbook

for

Christian Teachers

A guide

for teaching English overseas

Lois P. Webster, Ph.D.

Director of English Studies

2007
Association for Christian Conferences, Teaching, and Service

P.O. Box 27239

Denver, CO 80227-0239

U.S.A.

www.ACCTS.org i

Contents in Brief

Unit 1

Foundation of AELT 1

1 Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages 3 2

Language Learning and Teaching 7

Unit 2

The Sub-Systems of Language 15

3

Pronunciation 17

4

Vocabulary 25

5

Grammar 33

Unit 3

Developing Conversational Skills 39

6

Teaching Tools for Conveying Meaning 41

ii 7

Facilitating Listening Comprehension Skills 49

8 Facilitating Speaking through Guided Exercises 61 9

Speaking Freely 71

Unit 4

Working with Students 81

10

Placement Procedures 83

11

Working with Different Levels of Students 93

12

Planning 105

13

Correcting Students 115

Additional Resources 123

Appendices 125

iii

Contents

About the Authorvii

Foundations of AELT1Unit 1

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

American English Language Training

The AELT Curriculum

3 4 5

Chapter 1

Language Learning and Teaching7Chapter 2

AELT Is An EFL Program

The Nature of Language

Understanding What Is Heard

The Way Language Sounds

Vocabulary

Structure

Social Usage

The AELT Learner

Aptitude

Motivation

Knowledge of English

Opportunities to Learn

Use of Students' Native Language in the AELT Classroom

The Nature of AELT Teaching

Teacher as Model

Principles of Good Modeling

7 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 13

The Sub Systems Of Language15Unit 2

Pronunciation17Chapter 3

What Influences Pronunciation

Voicing

Mouth, Tongue, and Lip Position

Stress, Rhythm, and Intonation

Difficulties with Learning English Pronunciation

The Influence of the Student's Native Language

Correcting Students' Pronunciation

Teaching Pronunciation

Activities for Developing Good Speech Habits

Minimal Pairs

Tongue Twisters

18 18 18 18 20 20 21
22
23
23
23
iv

Chapter 4Vocabulary25

Meaning

Content Words and Structure Words

Concrete and Abstract Meaning

Connotative and Denotative Meaning

Teaching Vocabulary

Teach Vocabulary in Context

Idioms

Phrasal Verbs

Difficulties with Learning English Vocabulary

25
25
25
26
26
26
28
29
31

Chapter 5Grammar33

What is Grammar?

Sentence Structure

Teaching Sentence Structure

Difficulties with Learning English Grammar

English Prepositions

English Articles

The Position of Adjectives

Grammatical Gender

33
34
35
37
37
38
38
38

Unit 3Developing Conversational Skills39

Chapter 6Teaching Tools for Conveying Meaning41

Conveying Meaning

Visual Materials

Real Objects

Maps

Newspaper Ads

Menus

Simple Drawings and Home Made Thing

Actions

Pictures

Where to Obtain Pictures

How to Prepare Pictures and Other Colorful Visuals 41
41
42
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
47
Chapter 7Facilitating Listening Comprehension Skills49

Total Physical Response (TPR)

TPR for the Beginning Learner

The Characteristics of TPR

Five Steps in Facilitating TPR

Teaching TPR with Colored Paper

Using Colored Paper for Teaching TPR with More Advanced Students

Checking Comprehension

Requesting Action to Follow Directions

Interacting Listening and Speaking

Questions That Require Answers

49
49
50
51
53
55
55
56
56
57
v Facilitating Speaking Through Guided Exercises61Chapter 8

Drilling

Backward Buildup Drill

Repetition Drills

Open-Ended Chain Drills

Substitution Drills

Response Drills

Transformation Drills

61
62
63
64
65
67
69

Speaking Freely71Chapter 9

Using Games in the Classroom

Creating and/or Using Games Already Available

Suggestions for Choosing or Creating Games

Suggestions for Playing the Game

Role Playing

Why Role Play?

Three Types of Role Plays

How to Create Role Plays

Dialogue

Kinds of Dialogues

Memorized Dialogues

Cued Dialogues

How to Facilitate the Learning of Dialogues

71
72
72
73
74
74
74
75
75
76
76
77
77

Working with Students81Unit 4

Placement Procedures83Chapter 10

The Needed Information

Listening Comprehension Ability

Production Skills

Gathering the Information

The Interview

Problem Areas to Be Considered

Problems with the Placement Process

Problems Following Initial Placement

Modifications to Initial Placement

Dealing with Latecomers

Planning for the Placement Process

83
83
84
85
85
87
87
88
89
89
89
Planning for Different Levels of Students93Chapter 11

Beginner

1

Students

Description

Goals

Teaching Strategies

Beginner

2

Students

Description

Goals

Teaching Strategies

93
93
93
94
95
95
96
96
vi

Intermediate Students

Description

Goals

Teaching Strategies

Low Advanced Students

Description

Goals

Teaching Strategies

Advanced Students

Description

Goals

Teaching Strategies

97
97
97
97
100
100
100
100
103
103
103
103

Chapter 12Planning105

Lesson Planning

Activities

Procedures

The Function of the Interpreter in a Conversational English Class

Creating a Plan for the First Day of Class

106
109
111
111
112

Chapter 13Making Corrections115

Correcting Student Behavior

Correcting English Mistakes

Is it a Mistake - British Versus American English?

How about Dialect?

Correct Gently and Needfully

When Should Errors Be Corrected?

When Should Errors Not Be Corrected?

Which Errors to Correct

Error Correction Techniques

115
116
117
118
118
119
119
119
119

Additional Resources123

Appendices

A Activities for Developing Listening Comprehension Skills

B Activities for Developing Vocabulary Skills

C Activities for Developing Grammar Skills

D Activities for Teaching Conversational Phrases

E Interactive Listening-Speaking Activities

F Activities for Developing Conversational Skills

G Dialogues

H Placement

I Role Plays

J Tongue Twisters

K Two-Word Verbs

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