[PDF] IN3-UOC Research Project Copyright and Digital Distance

View - Download IN3-UOC Research Project Copyright and Digital Distance

Previous PDF

Next PDF

IN3-UOC Research Project

Copyright and Digital Distance Education (CDDE) :

The Use of Pre-Existing Works in Distance Education Through the Internet.

2002-2003

Table of contents

1. CDDE Questionnaire by Raquel Xalabarder, Muntsa Vilamitjana (p.i)

2. Australia by IPRIA, Eloise Dias (p.1)

3. Belgium by Alain Strowel, Charles-Henry Massa (p. 66)

4. France by Valérie Benabou (p. 83)

5. Germany by Christophe Geiger (p. 107)

6. Italy by Massimo Pavolini (p. 142)

7. Netherlands by Lucie Guibault (p. 149)

8. New Zealand by Anna Kingsbury (p. 178)

9. Spain by Ramon Casas (p. 198)

10. Switzerland by Jacques de Werra (p. 231)

11. United Kingdom by Richard McCracken (p. 243)

12. United States of America by Raquel Xalabarder (p. 258)

13. Working Paper n.1 (November 2002) by Raquel Xalabarder, Muntsa Vilamitjana (p. ix)

14. Working Paper n.2 (July 2003) by Raquel Xalabarder, Muntsa Vilamitjana (p. xxxiii)

Copyright and DDE. UOC-IN3

January 2003

i

Copyright and Digital Distance Education:

The Use of Pre-Existing Works in Distance Education Through the Internet

Dra. Raquel Xalabarder

The following questionnaire is part of a research project on Copyright and Digital Distance Education, funded by the

Universitat Oberta de Catalunya's IN3 (Internet Interdisciplinary Institute). The research project attempts to provide a

comparative law study on the use of copyrighted works for purposes of teaching and research, with special

reference to digital distance education (hereinafter DDE). We will refer to DDE as the kind of distance instruction,

where students are physically separated from their instructors, that takes place through the Internet.

In order to provide for some common background for the study, a Working Paper is attached, providing information

on the research project currently under way where the questionnaire and national responses will be inserted.

The goal of this questionnaire is to examine whether and to what extent any exceptions 1 provided for teaching

purposes or alike (i.e., fair use) may be applied also to on-line distance teaching. As explained in the Working Paper,

we have selected four specific exceptions that may be of interest for our study, either because they are specifically

oriented to cover teaching uses, or because they may come to support or supply for some of the acts done as part of

the teaching. These four exceptions are: a specific exception for teaching purposes, the quotation exception,

the general exception for private use / private copying, and any exceptions in favor of libraries, that may exist in

domestic laws.

Within the context of this questionnaire, you are requested to provide information on these four exceptions as existing

in your country (if so). Treatment of each exception may vary in each country; therefore, we expect that some

exceptions may be treated more in depth than others within each national response. Please, feel free not to answer

under a particular exception, when it does not purport any specific applicability as to teaching purposes and DDE (or

when such an exception does not exist in your country). Also notice that most questions may require a dual level

analysis : first, as it is provided for and/or applied in the "real" world (i.e., live-teaching); second, as it translates or

applies (if so) into digital distance education.

For systems relying on a fair use exception to copyright, feel free to translate the questions proposed in any manner

that may be suitable to the specificities of the fair use doctrine under that system. Similarly, if no exception exists to

cover such uses, and works used for teaching purposes are duly licensed, please provide as much information as

possible on the licensing system implemented in your country.

In addition, we have also added a fifth section on the interaction between exceptions (and specially those

considered in this questionnaire) and the protection of technological measures.

It will be very helpful if you can provide practical information (caselaw, contracts, doctrine), which is usually difficult

to obtain from abroad. Also, in addition to existing legislation, please refer to any pending legislation on the issue (i.e., within the European countries, the implementation of the Directive on Copyright in t he Information Society may have an effect on that field, especially as far as art.5(3)(a) and the three-step-test). 1

We have chosen to use only to the term "exceptions", to refer in general to any kind of limitation/exception provided for in the

copyright law to exclude the authorization of the copyright owner. In this questionnaire, the term does not have any implication as

to whether it is a free use (usually called exception) or a remunerated use (usually called limitation).

Copyright and DDE. UOC-IN3

January 2003

ii

As explained in the Working Paper, and in order to set a common ground to study the exceptions as applied to DDE,

we will divide a digital teaching activity in three basic acts :

1. Upload--a digital copy of the work is uploaded to the VU server (usually by the teacher), so that it can be

accessed (usually, by students);

2. Transmission--a digital transmission, which consists of (a) multiple reproductions which occur while "in

transit" and (b) reception of the work on the recipient's computer, which involves both screen display and/or

performance (through the speakers), as well as RAM copying;

3. Download--a permanent copy of the work, as received, made on the computer's hard disk, or floppy disk, or

in print.

The questions listed under the following 5 sections attempt to examine whether and to what extent the specific

exceptions (or the fair use doctrine -if applicable) cover such acts when done as part of a teaching activity conducted

over the Internet.

When answering the questionnaire, you are kindly requested to follow the structure of the questions (0

through 5) set for each section; the specific sub-questions set under each of them are merely to serve as a

guide for the contents under each question. Either English or French may be used to answer this questionnaire. For any doubts or comments, please contact Raquel Xalabarder at rxalabarder@uoc.edu

Copyright and DDE. UOC-IN3

January 2003

iii

I.- EXCEPTION FOR TEACHING PURPOSES.

0.- Identify any specific exception that allows for the use of copyrighted works for teaching purposes,

without the previous authorization of the copyright owner.

Please provide full text (in English or French)

1.- Exclusive Rights covered by the exception.

a) Does it cover reproduction? Which means of reproduction are covered by the exception? Are digital reproductions covered?

b) Can a work be digitized for use as part of the instruction? Would digitization qualify as a reproduction or also

as a transformation? c) How many copies can be made? Is it somehow limited, i.e., to the number of students in a class?

d) Does it cover communication to the public? Does it cover the storage of the copyrighted work on the server,

thus allowing asynchronous teaching?

e) How does your system qualify a digital transmission/delivery of a work? Have the WCT or WPPT had any

effect on this matter? Has the EU Directive, if applicable, had any effect on this matter?

f) Does the exception cover subsequent reproductions made in the course of transmission (routing copies,

caché copies, etc) and reception (RAM copies, screen displays and downloads) of these works by each

student? (Please note that this last issue is intertwined with the question of eligibility: who is allowed to make

reproductions for teaching purposes - just professors, or also students?)

2.- Eligibility under the exception.

a) Eligibility as to institutions: Which institutions may benefit from a copyright exception for teaching purposes? Educational institutions? Schools? Universities? etc. How are those terms defined? How do they apply to the

Internet?

Is there any specific condition as to the nature (for-profit or not-for-profit, public or private) of the

teaching activity or of the institution? How does this apply to digital distance education? May libraries benefit from such an exception, and therefore provide copies (and also distribute? communicate to the public?) of works for teaching purposes? (Please note that this last issue may

have a connection with any exception provided for in favor of libraries.If libraries cannot benefit from

a specific teaching exception, the scope of the "remaining" library exceptions becomes paramount to cover the use of works for teaching purposes.) b) Eligibility as to individuals: May only teachers benefit from the exception or also students (and guest-lecturers, etc)? If students cannot benefit from that exception, may a general private use/private copying exception

(or fair use) "fill that gap" (as it seems to be the case in the analog world)? (Please note that this

last issue may be considered under a separate section III dealing with the private use/ copying exception)

c) Some teaching-related exceptions refer to or imply physical concepts related to face-to-face teaching

activities - concepts like classroom, school premises, etc. If so, does this specific language limit or curtail the applicability of the exception in the digital world?

d) Is there any further specific limitation that may constrain the scope of eligibility under the exception? How

may this affect its application to DDE?

3.- Purposes. What is "teaching purposes"?

a) What constitutes "teaching purposes"? (Please, substitute by the specific language used in your national

exception; for instance, the EU Directive art.5.3(a) what is "illustration for teaching"). Is there any caselaw,

uses, doctrine to describe the specific language used in the exception?

Copyright and DDE. UOC-IN3

January 2003

iv

b) Does it cover use of a work for preparing the lesson? Does it cover use of a work in the course of the

instruction? Does it cover the making and distribution of copies for teaching purposes? Does it cover

communication to the public for teaching purposes? What is the scope of such uses covered under this exception?

c) Does it cover the making of a teaching compilation or anthology? Would it cover the asynchronous posting of

teaching material on the Internet? And if so, within which limits? Is there a specific exception (or licensing

system) covering the making of teaching compilations? Would it apply to digital teaching compilations?

d) Is the exception subject to any technological measures to ensure that only students will have access to the

works used for teaching?

4.- Extent and Nature of Works.

a) Which works (and to what extent) may be subject to the exception?

b) Does the exception provide for any specific limitations regarding the extent and nature of the works covered?

c) Are all kind of works covered? Are educational materials (or any other kind of materials) excluded from the

exception? Is it limited to works in some specific tangible support (i.e., in printed form)? d) May works be used for teaching purposes in whole or only fragments?

e) Does it make any difference how the work has been obtained (i.e., by means of an inter-library loan, or

under an exception for research purposes, or by means of a private-owned copy)? Does it matter whether

the copy has been lawfully obtained or not?

f) How does the exception interact with the possible existence of a license which specifically prohibits any

further uses (other than those licensed)?

5.- Remuneration.

a) Is the teaching use free or subject to remuneration? b) If subject to remuneration, how is that established? Criteria used to set the fees. c) How is it collected? Which collecting society? How is it distributed among the copyright owners ? d) Does this system also apply to digital uses? How?

Copyright and DDE. UOC-IN3

January 2003

v

II.- QUOTATIONS

0.- Identify any exception that allows for the use of copyrighted works for purposes of quotation, without the

previous authorization of the copyright owner.

Please provide full text (in English or French)

1.- Exclusive Rights covered by the exception.

a) Reproduction? Distribution? Communication to the public? Transformation?

b) Does it cover quotations made in digital formats (i.e., digital copies) and over the Internet (i.e., digital

transmissions)?

2.- Eligibility under the exception.

a) Who may benefit from the quotation exception? Is there any language that may allow or prevent its application to quotations made as part of the teaching over the Internet?

3.- Purposes.

a) What constitutes a quotation? Is there any caselaw, uses, doctrine to describe the specific language used in

the exception?

b) Is there any reference to any specific purposes (i.e., teaching, research, etc) the quotation must be made

for, in order to qualify under the exception?

4.- Extent and Nature of Works.

a) Which works (and to what extent) may be subject to the exception? Does the exception provide for any

specific limitations regarding the extent and nature of the works covered?

b) Are all kind of works covered? Are any specific materials excluded from the exception? Is it limited to works

in some specific tangible support (i.e., in printed form)? c) May works be quoted in whole or only fragments? d) Does it make any difference how the work has been obtained?

5.- Remuneration.

a) Are quotations free or subject to remuneration? b) If subject to remuneration, how is that established? Criteria used to set the fees. c) How is it collected? Which collecting society? How is it distributed among the copyright owners ? d) Does this system also apply to digital uses? How?

Copyright and DDE. UOC-IN3

January 2003

vi

III.- PRIVATE USE / PRIVATE COPYING EXCEPTION.

The purpose of this section is to address the importance of the private use/ private copying exception as far as

teaching uses. To what extent may such an exception allow students (and teachers) to use works for teaching

purposes through the Internet? This exception is specially important to the extent that downloads made by students

do not qualify under the teaching exception. Please note that this last issue may be considered under a separate

section dealing with the private use/ copying exception.

0.- Identify any exception that allows for the use of copyrighted works for private purposes, without the

previous authorization of the copyright owner.

Please provide full text (in English or French)

1.- Exclusive Rights covered by the exception.

a) Does it cover reproduction? Which means of reproduction are covered by the exception? Are digital

reproductions covered? How many copies can be made? Is it somehow restricted, i.e., to non-collective

use?

b) Does it cover any other rights: distribution, transmission, performance, transformation ? Do they extend to

digital means of exploitation? (See also infra, the questions concerning definition of "private").

2.- Eligibility.

a) Who may benefit from the private use/copying exception? Is there any specific reference to for-profit or not-

for-profit uses, public or private, non-collective uses?

b) Is there any further specific limitation that may constrain the scope of eligibility under the exception? How

may this affect its application to DDE?

3.- Purposes. What is "private"?

a) What is the definition of "private use/private copying" in your country? Is there any caselaw, uses, doctrine to

describe the specific language used in the exception?

b) How does this exception translate on the Internet? Would students' downloads of material transmitted for

teaching purposes over the Internet qualify as private?

4.- Extent and Nature of Works.

a) Does the exception provide for any specific limitations regarding the extent and nature of the works covered?

b) Are all kind of works covered? Are educational materials (or any other kind of materials) excluded from the

exception? Is it limited to works in some specific tangible support (i.e., in printed form)? c) May works be used for private purposes in whole or only fragments?

d) Does it make any difference how the work has been obtained (i.e., by means of an inter-library loan, or

under an exception for research purposes, or by means of a private-owned copy)? Does it matter whether

the copy has been lawfully obtained or not?

e) How does the exception interact with the possible existence of a license which specifically prohibits any

further uses?

5.- Remuneration.

a) Is this exception free or subject to remuneration? b) If subject to remuneration, how is that established? Criteria used to set the fees. c) How is it collected? Which collecting society? How is it distributed among the copyright owners ? d) Does this system also apply to digital uses? How?

IV.- LIBRARY EXCEPTIONS.

Copyright and DDE. UOC-IN3

January 2003

vii

The main purpose of this section is to address the interaction between library privileges and teaching uses: to what

extent may library exceptions assist teaching activities conducted through the Internet (either exempted or licensed

teaching uses). Please feel free to provide any information concerning the general scope of such exceptions, even

though not especially helpful as far as teaching purposes.

0.- Identify any exception that allows for the use of copyrighted works by libraries, without the previous

authorization of the copyright owner.

Please provide full text (in English or French)

1.- Exclusive rights covered by the exception.

a) Reproduction? Distribution? Communication to the public? Transformation? Does it cover digital copies?

Does it cover digital transmissions of works?

b) Would it be permissible for a library to make digital copies of the works in its catalogue, and post them on its

web page, or transmit them to their teachers and/or students (for teaching purposes), or even for inter-library loans?

2.- Eligibility

a) Which libraries may benefit from the exception? Only public libraries? Non-for-profit libraries? What about

on-line libraries?

b) Is there any further specific limitation that may constrain the scope of eligibility under the exception? How

may this affect digital (on-line) libraries?

3.- Purposes.

a) Conservation, lending, studying, research, teaching purposes, etc.? b) Could the library supply material to be used for teaching purposes?

c) Since the library privilege granted under article 5.2.(c) Copyright Directive is not limited to any specific

purposes, it leaves the door open for coverage of reproductions for teaching purposes, provided such

reproductions are not for direct or indirect economic or commercial advantage. Has your national legislator

implemented (or intends to implement) such an exception? If so, how?

4.- Extent and Nature of works.

a) Does the exception provide for any specific limitations regarding the extent and nature of the works covered?

b) Are all kind of works covered? Are educational materials (or any other kind of materials) excluded from the

exception? Is it limited to works in some specific tangible support (i.e., in printed form)? c) May works be used in whole or only fragments?

d) Does it make any difference how the work has been obtained (i.e., by means of an inter-library loan, or

under an exception for research purposes, or by means of a private-owned copy)? Does it matter whether

the copy has been lawfully obtained or not?

e) How does the exception interact with the possible existence of a license which specifically prohibits any

further use?

5.- Remuneration.

a) Is this exception free or subject to remuneration? b) If subject to remuneration, how is that established? Criteria used to set the fees. c) How is it collected? Which collecting society? How is it distributed among the copyright owners ? d) Does this system also apply to digital uses? How?

V.- TECHNOLOGICAL MEASURES VS. EXCEPTIONS.

Copyright and DDE. UOC-IN3

January 2003

viii

The purpose of this section is to evaluate the interaction between exceptions and technological measures i.e., how is

copyright balanced against the public interest?

1. Are technological measures protected in your country? To what extent (access control, anti-copy, etc.)?

2. How do exceptions relate to technological measures? Has the legislator implemented any specific provision to

ensure that exceptions will continue to apply despite the existence of any technological measures implemented

by the copyright owners? How has art.6.4 EU Directive (if so) been imp lemented?

3. Is there any case law or trade use that balances the interaction of exceptions between technological measures?

Is there any agreement (contracts, collective bargaining, etc.) that permits certain categories of users (e.g.,

libraries, teaching institutions, etc) to circumvent a te chnological measure in order to benefit from a use covered by an exception? VI.- Please add any further comments and information you deem interesting for this project.

Copyright and Digital Distance Education:

The Australian Copyright Law Provisions Dealing with Educational,

Library and Related Exceptions to Copyright

Intellectual Property Research Institute of Australia

The University of Melbourne

April 2003

© Intellectual Property Research Institute of Australia 2003

This paper was prepared by

Eloise Dias, Researcher

Intellectual Property Research Institute of Australia

Law School Building

University Square

University of Melbourne

VIC 3010

AUSTRALIA

Phone: + 61 3 8344 1127

Facsimile: + 61 3 9348 2358

Website: www.ipria.org

Contents

A Exceptions for Teaching Purposes under Australian Copyright Law................. 1 ............................................. 1

1. Insubstantial Reproduction........................................................................

............. 1

2. Reproduction of Works by Educational Institutions............................................... 1

2.1 Rights covered ........................................................................

........................ 1

2.2 Eligibility........................................................................

................................ 2

2.3 "Educational purposes"........................................................................

........... 3

2.4 Extent and nature of works........................................................................

..... 4

2.5 Remuneration........................................................................

.......................... 4

3. Statutory Licence Scheme........................................................................

............... 4

3.1 Reproduction from hard copy works.............................................................. 4

3.1.1 Eligibility........................................................................

........................ 5

3.1.2 "Educational purposes"........................................................................

... 5

3.1.3 Extent and nature of works..................................................................... 5

3.1.4 Remuneration........................................................................

.................. 7

3.2 Reproduction or communication from electronic forms of works.................. 8

3.2.1 "Communication"........................................................................

........... 8

3.2.2 Eligibility........................................................................

...................... 10

3.2.3 Educational purposes........................................................................

.... 10

3.2.4 Extent and nature of works................................................................... 10

3.2.5 Remuneration........................................................................

................ 11

3.3 Reproduction of broadcasts..............................................

............................. 11

3.3.1 Eligibility........................................................................

...................... 12

3.3.2 "Educational purposes"........................................................................

. 12

3.3.3 Extent and nature of works................................................................... 12

3.3.4 Remuneration........................................................................

................ 13

4. Fair Dealing for Research or Study ...................................................................... 15

4.1 Eligibility........................................................................

.............................. 16

4.2 Purposes........................................................................

................................ 16

4.3 Nature and extent of works........................................................................

... 17

4.4 Overlap of s 40 and the statutory licence scheme......................................... 18

5. Special Exceptions........................................................................

........................ 19

5.1 Performance in the course of educational instruction................................... 19

5.1.1 Eligibility........................................................................

...................... 19

5.2 Inclusion of copyright works in collections.................................................. 20

5.3 Reading or recitation in public...................................................................... 21

5.4 Reproduction and adaptation in the course of instruction and for exams..... 22

B Exceptions for Quotations........................................................................ .............. 23

1. Insubstantial reproductions........................................................................

........... 23

2. Multiple reproductions of insubstantial parts of hardcopy works ........................ 23

3. Fair dealing........................................................................

................................... 23 C Exceptions for Private Use........................................................................ ............. 24

1. Proposed blank tape royalty schemes................................................................... 24

D Library Exceptions........................................................................ ......................... 26

1. Reproduction and communication of works by libraries...................................... 26

1.1 Rights covered by the exception................................................................... 27

1.2 Eligibility........................................................................

.............................. 27

1.3 Purposes........................................................................

................................ 27

1.4 Nature and extent of works........................................................................

... 27

2. Reproduction and communication for other libraries........................................... 28

2.1 Eligibility........................................................................

.............................. 28

2.2 Purposes........................................................................

................................ 28

2.3 Nature and extent of works........................................................................

... 28

3. Electronic reproduction and communication of unpublished works .................... 29

4. Infringing copies made on machines installed in libraries and archives .............. 29

Appendix A........................................................................ Appendix B........................................................................ A Exceptions for Teaching Purposes under Australian Copyright Law

Introduction

There is no general exemption from liability in the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) where copyright material is used for educational purposes. However, there are five categories of 'exceptions' that allow for use of copyrighted works for certain educational purposes without the copyright owner's prior authorisation:

1. Insubstantial reproduction

2. Reproduction by educational institutions of works

3. Statutory licence scheme

4. Fair dealing for research or study

5. Special exceptions

The criteria of eligibility and 'teaching purposes' are considered under each category separately (where applicable). Part (3) deals with the statutory licence scheme in Australia, which allows certain usage of copyrighted works in conjunction with the payment of a royalty.

1. Insubstantial Reproduction

It is a basic principle of copyright law in Australia that a person will not infringe copyright if they only copy an insubstantial part of the work. Section 14 of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) provides that the reference to the doing of an act in relation to a work or other subject matter shall be read as including a reference to the doing of that act in relation to a 'substantial part of the work or other subject matter'. Thus, the insubstantiality principle would apply not only to reproduction of a work but also performance, digitisation and communication online. What is substantial is a question of fact to be determined with regard to all the circumstances. 1

2. Reproduction of Works by Educational Institutions

2.1 Rights covered

The Copyright Act allows multiple reproductions of insubstantial parts of hardcopy literary or dramatic work on the premises of an educational institution, for the purposes of a course of education provided by that institution without any payment to, or prior authorisation from, the copyright owner (s 135ZG). 1 For example, in Hawkes & Son (London) Ltd v Paramount Film Service Ltd [1934] Ch 593, it was held

that copyright in the musical work "Colonel Bogey" was infringed by reproduction of a substantial part of

it in a newsreel with the accompanying band music. The part recorded on the newsreel took about half a

minute and comprised 28 or more bars. The Court of Appeal held that this was a substantial part of the

musical work as it contained the distinctive, essential part of the tune which everyone who heard would

recognise. 1 References to 'copy' in the Act were amended to refer to "reproduction" throughout s 135ZG by the Copyright Amendment (Digital Agenda) Act 2000 (Cth) to extend the operation of these provisions to reproductions made in electronic form, that is: a reproduction from the hardcopy work that creates an electronic copy. The Act also permits copying of the whole or part of a printed published edition (being a work in which copyright does not subsist) if the copy or each of the copies is made in the course of the making of a reproduction of the whole or part of the work by, or on behalf of, a body administering an educational institution for the educational purposes of that institution or another educational institution (s 135ZH).

2.2 Eligibility

Any person may make such a reproduction (teachers, students). However, the reproductions must take place on the premises of (or by) an educational institution for the purposes of a course of education provided by it (or for "educational purposes": see below 2.3). This language compels some sort of physical presence by the copier on the institution's premises. The term 'educational institution' is defined in s 10 of the Act, which is reproduced below. It should be noted that the definition includes pre-school, kindergarten, primary, secondary and tertiary education institutions. Is also includes institutions that conduct courses by correspondence or on an external study basis. educational institution means: (aa) an institution at which education is provided at pre-school or kindergarten standard; (a) a school or similar institution at which full-time primary education or full-timequotesdbs_dbs30.pdfusesText_36

[PDF] SAGE Douve Taute. Bilan de la procédure de débat public ou de la concertation définie à l'article L. 121-16

[PDF] Les opportunités de la localisation de l entreprise : le devoir de conseil. La défiscalisation près de chez vous

[PDF] Note sur les textes régissant l enquête publique Document soumis à enquête publique

[PDF] FORMATION WEBMASTER WEBDESIGNER. Déclaration d activité: Région Rhône Alpes N : 82 26 01835 26

[PDF] PHILA-Collector-USB-16Go Pour Windows & Android

[PDF] Les Mesures d Accompagnement du projet de réorganisation du Centre de Relation Clients de 3SI Commerce (PSE)

[PDF] ENTENTE SUR LA MOBILITÉ DES SAGES-FEMMES AU CANADA. entre. Le College of Midwives of British Columbia

[PDF] Projet de Site Internet

[PDF] 142 Atlas des Paysages de Wallonie

[PDF] DU CÔTÉ DE L ANIMATION...

[PDF] I. Diagnostic du PDE. I.1. Présentation de la collectivité...4

[PDF] Bassin hydrographique : Loire- Bretagne Bassin étendu sur les départements de l Ille et Vilaine et de la Manche Superficie : 1130 km² Réseau

[PDF] Quels aménagements pour mettre en place un BHNS?

[PDF] PARTICIPATION À UN ESSAI CLINIQUE SUR UN MÉDICAMENT CE QU IL FAUT SAVOIR

[PDF] CONSEIL GENERAL. Point 11 de l ordre du jour: Budget et programmes de la CSI pour 2007. Fonds général : budget des recettes et des dépenses 1GC/F/11