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dart #dart

Table of Contents

About1

Chapter 1: Getting started with dart2

Remarks2

Links2

Documentation2

FAQ3

Versions3

Examples5

Installation or Setup5

Automated installation and updates5

Manual install5

Hello, World!5

Http Request6

Html6 Dart6

Example6

Getters and Setters6

Chapter 2: Asynchronous Programming8

Examples8

Returning a Future using a Completer8

Async and Await8

Converting callbacks to Futures9

Chapter 3: Classes10

Examples10

Creating a class10

Members10

Constructors11

Chapter 4: Collections13

Examples13

Creating a new List13

Creating a new Set13

Creating a new Map13

Map each element in the collection.14

Filter a list14

Chapter 5: Comments16

Syntax16

Remarks16

Examples16

End of Line Comment16

Multi-Line Comment16

Documentation using Dartdoc16

Chapter 6: Control Flow18

Examples18

If Else18

While Loop18

For Loop19

Switch Case19

Chapter 7: Converting Data21

Examples21

JSON21

Chapter 8: Dart-JavaScript interoperability22

Introduction22

Examples22

Calling a global function22

Wrapping JavaScript classes/namespaces22

Passing object literals23

Chapter 9: Date and time24

Examples24

Basic usage of DateTime24

Chapter 10: Enums25

Examples25

Basic usage25

Chapter 11: Exceptions26

Remarks26

Examples26

Custom exception26

Chapter 12: Functions27

Remarks27

Examples27

Functions with named parameters27

Function scoping27

Chapter 13: Libraries29

Remarks29

Examples29

Using libraries29

Libraries and visibility29

Specifying a library prefix30

Importing only part of a library30

Lazily loading a library30

Chapter 14: List Filters32

Introduction32

Examples32

Filtering a list of integers32

Chapter 15: Pub33

Remarks33

Examples33

pub build33 pub serve33

Chapter 16: Regular Expressions34

Syntax34

Parameters34

Remarks34

Examples34

Create and use a Regular Expression34

Chapter 17: Strings35

Examples35

Concatenation and interpolation35

Valid strings35

Building from parts35

Credits37

About You can share this PDF with anyone you feel could benefit from it, downloaded the latest version from: dart

It is an unofficial and free dart ebook created for educational purposes. All the content is extracted

from Stack Overflow Documentation, which is written by many hardworking individuals at Stack Overflow. It is neither affiliated with Stack Overflow nor official dart. The content is released under Creative Commons BY-SA, and the list of contributors to each chapter are provided in the credits section at the end of this book. Images may be copyright of their respective owners unless otherwise specified. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective company owners. Use the content presented in this book at your own risk; it is not guaranteed to be correct nor accurate, please send your feedback and corrections to info@zzzprojects.com https://riptutorial.com/1

Chapter 1: Getting started with dart

Remarks

Dart is an open-source, class-based, optionally-typed programming language for building web applications--on both the client and server--created by Google. Dart's design goals are: Create a structured yet flexible language for web programming.• Make Dart feel familiar and natural to programmers and thus easy to learn.• Ensure that Dart delivers high performance on all modern web browsers and environments ranging from small handheld devices to server-side execution.• Dart targets a wide range of development scenarios, from a one-person project without much structure to a large-scale project needing formal types in the code to state programmer intent. To support this wide range of projects, Dart provides the following features and tools: Optional types: this means you can start coding without types and add them later as needed.• Isolates: concurrent programming on server and client• Easy DOM access: using CSS selectors (the same way that jQuery does it)• Dart IDE Tools: Dart plugins exist for many commonly used IDEs, Ex: WebStorm.• Dartium: a build of the Chromium Web Browser with a built-in Dart Virtual Machine• Links

The Dart Homepage•

Official Dart News & Updates•

The Dartosphere - A collection of recent Dart blog posts•

Dartisans Dartisans community on Google+•

Dart Web Development - Google Groups Page•

Dart Language Misc - Google Groups Page•

DartLang sub-Reddit•

Documentation

Tour of the Dart Language•

Tour of the Dart Libraries•

Dart Code samples•

Dart API Reference•

https://riptutorial.com/2 FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions•

Versions

VersionRelease Date

1.22.12017-02-22

1.22.02017-02-14

1.21.12016-01-13

1.21.02016-12-07

1.20.12016-10-13

1.20.02016-10-11

1.19.12016-09-07

1.19.02016-08-26

1.18.12016-08-02

1.18.02016-07-27

1.17.12016-06-10

1.17.02016-06-06

1.16.12016-05-23

1.16.02016-04-26

1.15.02016-03-09

1.14.22016-02-09

1.14.12016-02-03

1.14.02016-01-28

1.13.22016-01-05

1.13.12015-12-17

1.13.02015-11-18

https://riptutorial.com/3

VersionRelease Date

1.12.22015-10-21

1.12.12015-09-08

1.12.02015-08-31

1.11.32015-08-03

1.11.12015-07-02

1.11.02015-06-24

1.10.12015-05-11

1.10.02015-04-24

1.9.32015-04-13

1.9.12015-03-25

1.8.52015-01-13

1.8.32014-12-01

1.8.02014-11-27

1.7.22014-10-14

1.6.02014-08-27

1.5.82014-07-29

1.5.32014-07-03

1.5.22014-07-02

1.5.12014-06-24

1.4.32014-06-16

1.4.22014-05-27

1.4.02014-05-20

1.3.62014-04-30

1.3.32014-04-16

1.3.02014-04-08

https://riptutorial.com/4

VersionRelease Date

1.2.02014-02-25

1.1.32014-02-06

1.1.12014-01-15

1.0.0.10_r307982013-12-02

1.0.0.3_r301882013-11-12

0.8.10.10_r301072013-11-08

0.8.10.6_r300362013-11-07

0.8.10.3_r298032013-11-04

Examples

Installation or Setup

The Dart SDK includes everything you need to write and run Dart code: VM, libraries, analyzer, package manager, doc generator, formatter, debugger, and more. If you are doing web development, you will also need Dartium.

Automated installation and updates

Installing Dart on Windows•

Installing Dart on Mac•

Installing Dart on Linux•

Manual install

You can also manually install any version of the SDK.

Hello, World!

Create a new file named with the following content: In the terminal, navigate to the directory containing the file and type the following: https://riptutorial.com/5

Hit to display in the terminal window.

Http Request

Html Dart

Example

see Example on https://dartpad.dartlang.org/a0e092983f63a40b0b716989cac6969a

Getters and Setters

https://riptutorial.com/6 Dart class getters and setters allow APIs to encapsulate object state changes. See dartpad example here: https://dartpad.dartlang.org/c25af60ca18a192b84af6990f3313233

Read Getting started with dart online: https://riptutorial.com/dart/topic/843/getting-started-with-dart

https://riptutorial.com/7

Chapter 2: Asynchronous Programming

Examples

Returning a Future using a Completer

Async and Await

https://riptutorial.com/8 See example on Dartpad: https://dartpad.dartlang.org/11d189b51e0f2680793ab3e16e53613c

Converting callbacks to Futures

Dart has a robust async library, with Future, Stream, and more. However, sometimes you might run into an asynchronous API that uses callbacks instead of Futures. To bridge the gap between callbacks and Futures, Dart offers the Completer class. You can use a Completer to convert a callback into a Future. Completers are great for bridging a callback-based API with a Future-based API. For example, suppose your database driver doesn't use Futures, but you need to return a Future. Try this code: If you are using an API that already returns a Future, you do not need to use a Completer. Read Asynchronous Programming online: https://riptutorial.com/dart/topic/2520/asynchronous- programming https://riptutorial.com/9

Chapter 3: Classes

Examples

Creating a class

Classes can be created as follow:

The class can be instantiated using the keyword after which the field values will be null by default.

Field values can then be accessed:

Members

A class can have members.

Instance variables can be declared with/without type annotations, and optionally initialized. Uninitialised members have the value of , unless set to another value by the constructor.

Class variables are declared using the keyword.

If a method takes no arguments, is fast, returns a value, and doesn't have visible side-effects, then

https://riptutorial.com/10 a getter method can be used: Getters never take arguments, so the parentheses for the (empty) parameter list are omitted both for declaring getters, as above, and for calling them, like so: There are also setter methods, which must take exactly one argument: The syntax for calling a setter is the same as variable assignment:

Constructors

A class constructor must have the same name as its class.

Let's create a constructor for a class Person:

The example above is a simpler, better way of defining the constructor than the following way, which is also possible: https://riptutorial.com/11 Now you can create an instance of Person like this: Read Classes online: https://riptutorial.com/dart/topic/1511/classes https://riptutorial.com/12

Chapter 4: Collections

Examples

Creating a new List

Lists can be created in multiple ways.

The recommended way is to use a literal:

The constructor can be used as well:

If you prefer stronger typing, you can also supply a type parameter in one of the following ways:

For creating a small growable list, either empty or containing some known initial values, the literal

form is preferred. There are specialized constructors for other kinds of lists: See also the Effective Dart style guide about collections.

Creating a new Set

Sets can be created via the constructor:

Creating a new Map

Maps can be created in multiple ways.

Using the constructor, you can create a new map as follow: https://riptutorial.com/13 Types for the key and value can also be defined using generics: Maps can otherwise be created using the map literal:

Map each element in the collection.

All collection objects contain a method that takes a as an argument, which must take a single argument. This returns an backed by the collection. When the is

iterated, each step calls the function with a new element of the collection, and the result of the call

becomes the next element of the iteration. You can turn an into a collection again by using the or methods, or by using a collection constructor which takes an iterable like or .

Example:

See dartpad example here: https://dartpad.dartlang.org/a18367ff767f172b34ff03c7008a6fa1

Filter a list

Dart allows to easily filter a list using .

Of course you can use some AND or OR operators in your where clause. https://riptutorial.com/14 Read Collections online: https://riptutorial.com/dart/topic/859/collections https://riptutorial.com/15

Chapter 5: Comments

Syntax

// Single-line comment• /* Multi-line/In-line comment */• /// Dartdoc comment•

Remarks

It is good practice to add comments to your code to explain why something is done or to explain what something does. This helps any future readers of your code to more easily understand your code.

Related topic(s) not on StackOverflow:

Effective Dart: Documentation•

Examples

End of Line Comment

Everything to the right of in the same line is commented.

Multi-Line Comment

Everything between and is commented.

Documentation using Dartdoc

Using a doc comment instead of a regular comment enables dartdoc to find it and generate documentation for it. https://riptutorial.com/16 You are allowed to use most markdown formatting in your doc comments and dartdoc will process it accordingly using the markdown package. Read Comments online: https://riptutorial.com/dart/topic/2436/comments https://riptutorial.com/17

Chapter 6: Control Flow

Examples

If Else

Dart has If Else:

Dart also has a ternary operator:

While Loop

While loops and do while loops are allowed in Dart: and:

Loops can be terminated using a break:

You can skip iterations in a loop using continue:

https://riptutorial.com/18

For Loop

Two types of for loops are allowed:

and: The loop is convenient when simply iterating over an collection. There is also a method that you can call on objects that behaves like : or, more concisely:

Switch Case

Dart has a switch case which can be used instead of long if-else statements: You can only compare integer, string, or compile-time constants. The compared objects must be instances of the same class (and not of any of its subtypes), and the class must not override ==. https://riptutorial.com/19 One surprising aspect of switch in Dart is that non-empty case clauses must end with break, or less commonly, continue, throw, or return. That is, non-empty case clauses cannot fall through. You must explicitly end a non-empty case clause, usually with a break. You will get a static warning if you omit break, continue, throw, or return, and the code will error at that location at runtime. If you want fall-through in a non-empty , you can use and a label: Read Control Flow online: https://riptutorial.com/dart/topic/923/control-flow https://riptutorial.com/20

Chapter 7: Converting Data

Examples

JSON See example on dartpad: https://dartpad.dartlang.org/7d5958cf10e611b36326f27b062108fe Read Converting Data online: https://riptutorial.com/dart/topic/2778/converting-data https://riptutorial.com/21

Chapter 8: Dart-JavaScript interoperability

Introduction

Dart-JavaScript interoperability lets us run JavaScript code from our Dart programs. The interoperability is achieved by using the library to create Dart stubs. These stubs describe

the interface we'd like to have with the underlying JavaScript code. At runtime calling the Dart stub

will invoke the JavaScript code.

Examples

Calling a global function

Suppose we'd like to invoke the JavaScript function which receives an object, encodes it into a JSON string and returns it. All we'd have to do is write the function signature, mark it as external and annotate it with the annotation: The annotation will be used from here on out to mark Dart classes that we'd like to use in

JavaScript as well.

Wrapping JavaScript classes/namespaces

Suppose we'd like to wrap the Google Maps JavaScript API : We now have the Map Dart class which corresponds to the JavaScript class.

Running in Dart will invoke in JavaScript.

Note that you don't have to name your Dart class the same as the JavaScript class: https://riptutorial.com/22

The Dart class corresponds to the class.

Using inconsistent names is discouraged as they can create confusion.

Passing object literals

It's common practice in JavaScript to pass object literals to functions:

What we have to do is create a Dart object that represents the object literal and contains all of its

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