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Construction of A Simple Electronic Stethoscope for Chest Sound Acquisitionand Separation of Recorded Sounds Using Independent Component Analysis

B. Hemakumar1& R. Ananda Natarajan2

Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry

Abstract

In human chest, two kinds of sounds can be heard, one from the lungs and the other from the heart. Physician uses a Conventional Stethoscope (CS) for detecting these chest sounds in order to make a diagnosis. A unique, simple, Active Electronic Stethoscope (AES) is fabricated. In this AES, a piezoelectric ceramic plate is used for recording of chest sounds (heart and lung sounds). It is compared with two types of existing stethoscopes. It is found that AES is superior to other stethoscopeswith respect tosimplicity, better acoustic response, and ease of interface with modern devices. The signals were acquired through Labview softwarefor further analysis.Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm was applied to the recorded signal which facilitated separation of heart and lung sounds.A Physician also validated the results. Keywords: Active Electronic Stethoscope, piezoelectric ceramic plate, ICA, Labview.

I Introduction

Several factors determine quality of the detection of the heart and lung sounds. Some of them the chest, hearing capacity of the physician and quality of the sounds generated inside the chest. These factors are applicable for both normal and abnormal chest sounds. Thus the abnormal sounds produced from the body may not be transmitted with all its characteristic features. In such a situation, a physician cannot rely only on his conventional stethoscope to make final decision. Furthermore, the signal hearing by physician cannot be recorded and interpretation of sound fully depends upon his expertise. He may not be able to demonstrate these sounds for teaching purpose. In order to overcome such difficulties an attempt was made to device an electronic stethoscope with several added advantages, like the sounds could be amplified and recorded for further analysis. Moreover such amplified sounds could be used for teaching purposes in a classroom. In this study, a prototype of anElectronic Stethoscope (ES) is designed, fabricated and finally tested its efficacy. The existing Electronic stethoscope [1]is modified with purely active components and tested with three different types of sensor configurations. The performance of the Active Electronic Stethoscope (AES) with piezoelectricsensor configuration was found to be better with respect tosimplicity, acoustic efficacy and ease of interface with modern devices. Lung sounds and Heart sounds are considered as independent source signals [8]. However, due to the mixed signals recorded on the skin are correlated and are convolute mixtures. One solution to separate this type of mixed signals is to apply ICA on the spectrograms of the recorded signals [2]. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the application and feasibility of

ICA on separation of HS and LS.

2450International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)Vol. 2 Issue 12, December - 2013IJERTIJERTISSN: 2278-0181www.ijert.orgIJERTV2IS121130

II Materials and Methods

Signal Acquisition

There are multiple types of sensors reported in literature[3] that can be used in the chest piece of an electronic stethoscope to convert body sounds into an electronic signal.Microphones, Piezoelectric ceramic plates and accelerometers are popular in chest sound recording. However, accelerometers are typically more expensive than microphones, are often fragile, and may exhibit internal resonances. In this study,three sensor configurationsnamely, (i) Microphone Only (MES),(ii) Piezoelectric Ceramic Plate (PES)&(iii)Conventional Stethoscope coupled to Microphone (CES) are considered.

Signal Conditioning

The stethoscope system detecting chest sounds has two main blocks: Signal Acquisition and Signal Conditioning. The signal is sensed by the sensor and then preamplified, filtered and then it is given to a power amplifier, which in turn drives the output speaker and also couples the output to the PCthrough sound card(Fig 1).The signal is acquired in Labview and signal is analysed.

Fig 1 Complete Stethoscope System

2451International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)Vol. 2 Issue 12, December - 2013IJERTIJERTISSN: 2278-0181www.ijert.orgIJERTV2IS121130

Patient Data

Fifteen patients, those who referred to the out-patient department of a Government general hospital,were randomly selected with different age, sex and clinical symptoms. Chest sound was recorded using CS, MES, PES&CES. The recorded chest sounds were analysed with respect to the details as shown in the questionnaire.

Questionnaire

1. Patient data-Name............................................age.....sex

2. Equipment used = MES / PES / CES

3. Ease of operation.

4. Sound analysis

5. Noise

6. Efficacy quotesdbs_dbs25.pdfusesText_31

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