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LBL-37650
UC-21O
ITlILawrenceBerkeleyLaboratory
Ii:!UNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIA
ENERGY&ENVIRONMENT
DIVISION
DesignandSimulationofLithium
RechargeableBatteries
C.M.Doyle
(Ph.D.Thesis)August1995
ENERGY
ANDENVIRONMENT
DIVISION
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UC-21O
C.MarcDoyle
Department
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LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory
University
ofCaliforniaBerkeley,California94720
August1995
ContractNo.DE-AC03-76SFOO098..
n -1 1 - I d -1 ..j j .'C"} -j r J J J n d IAbstract
Design
byChristopherMarcDoyle
Doctor
ofPhilosophyinChemicalEngineeringUniversity
ofCaliforniaatBerkeleyProfessorJohnNewman,Chair
forelectric-vehicleapplicationsbecause toawiderangeoflithium-basedsys- kinetics,followedbydiffusion toexplorethephenomenathatoccurinside charge,andduringperiods ofrelaxation. Also, terns,wefocusonthemodeling 2 isbeingmarketed ischaracterizedexperimentallyintermsof detailedcomparisonsofsimulation ofthissystemforparticular applications powerprovided byvariousdesigns.Duetoalack
subjectThemeanmolaractivity
isfoundbyusingthemethodofrestricted diffusion. method experimentalmethodbased concentrationrange. r !_J 11 n u JTableofContents
Abstract
Tableofcontents
Acknowledgements
Chapter1.Introduction
1.1Rechargeablebatteries
1.2Lithiumbatteries
1.3Mathematicalmodeling
1.4Scope
ofthesisChapter2.DevelopmentofModelEquations
2.1Modelingapproach
2.2Concentratedsolutiontheory
2.3Porouselectrodetheory
2.4Boundaryconditions
2.5Solid-statediffusion
2.6Electrodekinetics
2.7Nonporousinsertionelectrodes
2.8Summary
ofmodelequations2.9Numericalsolutionprocedure
2.10Computerprograms
fitsAppendix2-BDatafilesforFOILandDUAL
Appendix2-CComputerprogramsFOILandDUAL
3.1Introduction
3.2Descriptionofthesystem
iii 1 iii v 1 4 10 12 2123
27
30
32
36
39
44
47
49
53
64
69
185
186
3.3Simulationresults
3.4Designandoptimizationconsiderations
3.5Conclusions
Appendix3-BSimplifiedmodel
ofcelldominatedbysolid-statediffusion4.1Introduction
4.2Theoreticaldevelopment
4.3Analysis
ofthegalvanostaticpolarizationexperiment4.4Experimentaldetails
4.5Resultsanddiscussion
4.6Simulation
4.7Effect
4.8Microscopicspeciationmodels
4.9Simulation
4.10Comparison
ofmethodstomeasuret+inSPE's4.11Conclusions
IV 194fl U F.- 244
252
253
n 254
t E_ 1'-1 269
271
275
280
282
298
315
320
325
335
340
341
=1 -1 -i "j n u I j cI i J u t1 iJ v
Acknowledgements
ofcon- supportformyabilities,Ithankhim.Iwouldalsolike
myfirsttwoyearsasagraduatestu- dent.IlearnedatremendousamountfromTom ofbothatechnicalnatureandalsoonthemost mycollaboratorsinthelithium togiveaspecial thankstoYanpingMa inourexperimentalworkon ofthisproject.Last,Iwould vi includesthepastandpresentmembers finalyear.IhopethatIcandothesameforher
J.CairnsandDr.LutgardC.
I t...:" 1 .I U n u n n I I (j n u ,1. 1 J 1Chapter1
Introduction
1.1Rechargeablebatteries
andstoragecontinuestobeanimportant currentdecade.1Thismarket Much isalsoasizeablemarketforrecharge- ablebatteriesforconsumerapplications. ofrechargeablebattery sales.Withtheongoingminiaturization importantforabatterysystemtohaveinherentAnexample
tialportion isinherentlylim- itedbythecapacity 2 perunitvolume. ofinterestinabattery-powered ofCali- fomiabytheCalifomia percentage targets ofvehi- cancompetesuc cessfullyin theautomobilemarket. 2 targetdate,therearestillmajorproblemsto intermsofitscost,performance, andlife.Inorder
ofEnergy,andtheElectricTheUSABChasquantifiedthedemandsfor
inTable1.1.ThedemandsontheUSABC thathavenotbeenmet -t II _J -j J -I .'r t J •j f u 3 of200Whlkg.Forcom- ofatmost40Wh/kg, siderationawiderange thenickel-metalhydridesystem. posalquotesdbs_dbs26.pdfusesText_32[PDF] BATTERIE STATIONNAIRE TYS8 1220Ah
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