[PDF] Samacheer Kalvi Class 9 Social Science (EM)





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Samacheer Kalvi Class 9 Social Science (EM)

Jan 25 2020 Unit 1 Evolution of Humans and Society - Prehistoric Period ... life were more organised than the early hunter- gatherer and Neolithic ...

GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU

A publication under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamil Nadu

STANDARD NINE

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First Edition - 2018

Revised Edition - 2019

(Published under New Syllabus)

State Council of Educational

Research and Training

The wise

possess all II

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III

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Unit 1 Evolution of Humans and Society - Prehistoric Period 001

Unit 2 Ancient Civilisations 016

Unit 3 Early Tamil Society and Culture 033

Unit 4 Intellectual Awakening and Socio-Political Changes 053

Unit 5 The Classical World 066

Unit 6 The Middle Ages 077

Unit 7 State and Society in Medieval India 088

Unit 8 The Beginning of the Modern Age 101

Unit 9 The Age of Revolutions 113

Unit 10 Industrial Revolution 130

Unit 11 Colonialism in Asia and Africa 142

III

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IV

Unit 1 Lithosphere - I Endogenetic Processes 157

Unit 2 Lithosphere - II Exogenetic Processes 167

Unit 3 Atmosphere 180

Unit 4 Hydrosphere 192

Unit 5 Biosphere 202

Unit 6 Man and Environment 210

Unit 7 Mapping Skills 220

Unit 8 Disaster Management: Responding to Disasters 230

Unit 1 Forms of Government and Democracy 238

Unit 2 Election, Political Parties and Pressure Groups 246

Unit 3 Human Rights 253

Unit 4 Forms of Government 265

Unit 5 Local Self Government 271

Unit 6 Road Safety 279

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V . Untouchability is Inhuman and a Crime

Unit 1 Understanding Development: Perspectives,

Measurement and Sustainability 284

Unit 2 Employment in India and Tamil Nadu 293

Unit 3 Money and Credit 300

Unit 4 Agriculture in Tamil Nadu 307

Unit 5 Migration 313

E - book

Assessment

DIGI links

V

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Infographs

Visual representations intended to make the complex easily recapitulation VI Using technology for learning activites, which enables the students to access degital sources relevant to their lessons.

The scope of the lesson is presented

Key words and technical terms

explained at the end of each subject for clarity

Leads the students to animated audio,

video aids for getting experiential learning

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VII The subject to be discussed in the lesson is introduced Activities for ‘learning by doing" individually or in groups

Provides additional information related to the

subject in boxes to stir up the curiosity of students

List of books and net sources for further reading

For self-study and self evaluation

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VIII

STANDARD NINE

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1

1. Evolution of Humans and Society - Prehistoric Period

Introduction

We live in the age of Information

Technology. The mobile phones have literally

put the world on our finger tips. The all- encompassing knowledge that we possess now, which has helped in the development of powerful technology, did not emerge all of a sudden. The foundation of our modern life was facilitated by the development of the process of cognition among the human ancestors in the prehistoric age.

Prehistoric people were the pioneers of

creative knowledge. From the artefacts and the languages they developed, we are able to understand how intelligent they were. 1.1

Origin of the Earth and

the Geological Ages

The history of humans

is closely related to the history of the earth. e earth contains geological, archaeological and biological records of historical times in its upper layers. ey are important for reconstructing the history of the earth and various living organisms. e fossil bones of the human ancestors are embedded in the earthquotesdbs_dbs26.pdfusesText_32
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