Caractérisation de la sédimentation des barrages en Algérie
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Caractérisation de la sédimentation des barrages en Algérie
Another task is the application of the taxonomy already defined (classification abacus model) to recent reservoirs to determine their lifetime. Regarding the
Algerie - Loi n°2005-12 du 4 août 2005 relative a leau (www.droit
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Caractérisation de la sédimentation des barrages en Algérie
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Caractérisation de la sédimentation des barrages en Algérie
This method also corroborated the formulated observations in the classification analysis (graphical analysis). Calibration of the mathematic functions based on
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Le barrage de Koudiat-Acerdoune, situé à environ 80 km au sud-est d'Alger, n'est pas un ouvrage hydroélectrique classique. Haut de 121 mètres, large de 134 mètres, son but est d'alimenter 800 000 habitants en eau potable et d'assurer l'irrigation des terres.Quel est le nombre de barrage en Algérie ?
L'Algérie dispose actuellement de 75 barrages en cours d'exploitation, cinq (5) qui entreront en service prochainement, en sus de cinq (5) autres barrages en cours de réalisation, a fait savoir le responsable.- Le barrage de Bin el Ouidane (en arabe : ?? ??? ??????) est un barrage marocain situé dans la province d'Azilal (région de Tadla-Azilal), conçu par l'ingénieur André Coyne. ?ifice majeur en matière de construction de barrage, il a une double vocation : la production d'énergie et l'irrigation.
https://www.erudit.org/en/Document generated on 07/07/2023 4:51 a.m.Revue des sciences de l'eauJournal of Water ScienceCaract€risation de la s€dimentation des barrages en Alg€rieCharacterization of dams sedimentation in AlgeriaM. Kassoul, A. Abdelgader and M. Belorgey
Volume 10, Number 3, 1997URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/705283arDOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/705283arSee table of contentsPublisher(s)Universit€ du Qu€bec - INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETE)ISSN0992-7158 (print)1718-8598 (digital)Explore this journalCite this article
Kassoul, M., Abdelgader, A. & Belorgey, M. (1997). Caract€risation de la s€dimentation des barrages en Alg€rie.Revue des sciences de l'eau / Journal of
Water Science
10 (3), 339"358. https://doi.org/10.7202/705283arArticle abstract
Deposition of sediments reduces available water reserves by 2 to 5% annually in the man-made reservoirs of the Maghreb countries.
The sedimentation problem in the reservoirs in Algeria is known in the world because of its great importance. Measurement of
reservoir siltation is important for quantifying deposits and for the management of the hydraulic structures.
The A.N.R.H. (Agence Nationale des Ressources Hydrauliques) first attempted to monitor sediment loads by measuring the transport
of suspended particles (solids) at hydrometric stations in a punctual and irregular manner (draw-off by section without measuring
the flow velocity), but the real value of a stream's sediment load is not necessarily well reflected by point sampling (TOUAT, 1989;
TOUAT 1991). Therefore, small experimental drainage basins (several hectares in surface area) were equipped to study sedimentation
in the hydraulic structures solely by slope erosion (RAMDANE, 1989). The specific rate of erosion in catchment areas in northern
Algeria is the highest in the Maghreb. Often it is over 2000 T/km_/year in the majority of the Tellian Altas basins, and it reaches 4000
T/km_/year in the Dahra coastal catchments. These latter values are among the highest in the world (DERI and HUSSON, 1976;
HEUSCH, 1970). Variation of sediment transport across the wetted cross section was demonstrated by gauging the suspended particles
transport (Tss). Measurement of the transport of bed material is not reliable, and often it is estimated as a percentage of the Tss.
The aim of the present study was to improve sedimentation estimates in order to define proper hydrotechnical structures and to
increase their lifetime (reducing the costs).Firstly, we consider information stemming from the topo-bathymetric processing of 19 reservoirs in Algeria. From the temporal point
of view, the information is not homogeneous (not synchronous) but has the advantage of integrating all the types of sediments
(suspended sediments, bed-load, bank erosion, deposits). The first analysis involved the topo-bathymetric survey of basins done by
the A.N.B. (Agence Nationale des Barrages) (DERI, 1977; SOGREAH and A.N.R.H., 1989) whose data were used as the basis for the
calibration of our models. These latter data then allow one to predict the lifetime of recent reservoirs. Calibration consists of defining
the most influential hydroclimatic or physico-geographic factors affecting the abrasion rate.We therefore considered 19 Algerian reservoirs located on basins distributed over a large part of the country. A first analysis led to
the identification of the variability of the hydromorphometric (elevation index, drainage density, slope index, flow coefficient, etc.)
and the climatic (subhumid, semiarid, arid) characteristics of the studied sample. The evolution of the volumes of sediments from two
topo-bathymetric measurements, which were carried out on two different dates, shows a variation between 0.017 Mm3/year and
2.490 Mm3/year. This sedimentation resulted in a loss of initial capacity, which caused the termination of life for some reservoirs. The
initial capacity of the 19 considered reservoirs was about 1900 Mm3; it was reduced to 1070 Mm3 in 1986. This constitutes a loss of
44% of the initial volume.
These latter results were exploited with the aim of setting up a simple model for estimating sedimentation and classifying the
Algerian reservoirs. To this end, we graphed the preferential links between sedimentation, surface area, and the different
hydromorphometric factors. Three determining factors were identified: the surface of drainage basin, the elevation index and the
flow coefficient. These latter parameters allowed a spatial partitioning of the examined sample into three groups relating to the
continentality (elevation index) and to the geographical context: class Ia represents the catchment basins of the high plateau zone
(hard and semiarid climate, a low abrasion rate); class Ib corresponds to an intermediate position (with a moderate physico-
geographic characteristic, the cross between two climates: semiarid and subhumid); and class II shows the coastal drainage basins
that are influenced by the subhumid climate (an important abrasion rate). Essentially, sedimentation within the hydraulic structures
depends on the precipitation, the surface area of the catchment, the inflow (flow coefficient) and the relief (elevation index).
In order to validate these first results, we further analyzed the data table corresponding to the hydromorphometric factors and the
abrasion rates. The study of such a data table is generally carried out by interpreting the information by means of multidimensional
statistical methods (principal components analysis, factorial discriminant analysis, factorial correspondence analysis, etc.). These
descriptive methods, which disregard part of the initial information, yield an explanation of the structure of the data table in terms of
hydrokinematics (ROLET and SEGUIN, 1986a and b). Principal components analysis, based on multivariate analysis, implies a mode of
deductive reasoning (MUDRY, 1991). Application of this approach showed the presence of sub- groups, based on hydromorphometric
criteria, which resembled those obtained earlier in the graphical analysis. This method also corroborated the formulated
observations in the classification analysis (graphical analysis).Calibration of the mathematic functions, based on the minimization of errors by the least squares method, on the data series of
"abrasion rate surface" according to the observed data of deposits, showed a significant correlation between the observed and
calculated values of the abrasion rate. These latter models did not integrate all the determining factors, but they can be useful for
predicting the lifetime of recent reservoirs. These last tasks complete the results obtained from the previous models based on the
classification (graphical, principal components analysis) and reveal great efficient means.To validate our models, we extended our application to the other sites presenting neighbouring conditions. We then inserted in our
abacus the deposition values for seven Tunisian reservoirs and sixteen Moroccan reservoirs. The three countries (Algeria, Tunisia,
Morocco) are situated in the same physico-geographical conditions. The Tunisian and Moroccan reservoirs behave similarly to those
in Algeria and present a high abrasion rate.Another task is the application of the taxonomy already defined (classification abacus model) to recent reservoirs to determine their
lifetime. Regarding the obtained results, it turns out that the reservoirs that have a short calculated lifetime must be fitted out first,
and a specific protocol for their exploitation must be established.Finally, we can imagine the use of our abacus to include the bathymetric results of the reservoirs in order to analyze the evolution ofthe abrasion rate in small catchment areas. It is suggested that further investigation be undertaken in order to better understand thehierarchical organization of the factors that govern sedimentation in the Maghreb.
REVUE DES SCIENCES DE L'EAU, Rev. Sci. Eau 3(1997) 339-358Caractérisatio
n d e l a sédimentatio n des barrages en AlgérieCharacterizatio
n o f sédimentatio n i n réservoir s i nAlgeri
a MKASSOUL1, A. ABDELGADER1 et M. BELORGEY1
Reç
u l e 2 9 avril1996 accept l e 1 0 avri l 1997*SUMMAR
YDépositio
n o f sédiment s reduce s availabl e wate r reserve s b y 2 t o 5 annuall y i n th e man-mad e réservoir s o f th eMaghre
b countries Th e sédimentatio n pro ble m i n th e réservoir s i nAlgeri
a i s know n i n th e worl d becaus e o f it s grea t importanceMeasuremen
t o f réservoi r siltatio n i s importan t fo r quantifyin g deposit s an d fo r th e managemen t o f th e hydrauli c structures Th e ANR H (Agenc eNational
e de sRessource
sHydrauliques
first attempte d t o monito r sédimen t load s b y measurin g th e transpor t o f suspende d particle s (solids a t hydrometri c station s i n a punctua l an d irregula r manne r (draw-of f b y sectio n withou t measurin g th e flow velocity) bu t th e rea l valu e o f a stream' s sédimen t loa d i s no t necessaril y wel l reflecte d b y poin t samplin g (TOUAT 1989TOUA T 1991)
Therefore
smal l expérimenta l drainag e basin s (severa l hectare s i n surfac e area wer e equîppe d t o stud y sédimentatio n i n th e hydrauli c structure s solel y b y slop eérosio
n (RAMDANE 1989)Th e spécifi e rat equotesdbs_dbs15.pdfusesText_21
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