[PDF] Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Condition Report 2016





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Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Condition Report 2016

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channel islands national marine sanctuary

CONDITION REPORT

2016

CHANNEL ISLANDS

U.S.

Secretary of Commerce

W ilbur Ross Under Secretary of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) D r. Neil Jacobs (acting) Assistant Administrator for National Ocean Service N icole LeBoeuf (acting)

Director, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries

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Suggested Citation: Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. 2019. Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary 2016 Condition Report. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD. 482 pp. t tt 4

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Table of Contents 1

Authors 3

Office of National Marine Sanctuaries 3

Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary 3

Framework for Condition Reports 4

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About Thi

s Report 6

WrKmVwork 6

Process 6

Improvements 6

Executive Summary 8

Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Resource Condition Summary Table 15 Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Ecosystem Services Summary Table 21

Site H

i story and Resources 23 #vVrv$Vw 23

History 24

Commerce 27

Recreation 29

Traditional and Cultural Connections 29

Research 30

Education and Outreach 30

Geology 30

Oceanography 32

Habitat 32

Living Resources 37

Maritime Archaeological Resources 43

Driving Forces and Pressures on the Sanctuary 46

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Non-indigenous Species 51

Ocean Noise 52

Commercial and Recreational Fishing 53

Energy Development Activities 56

Pollutants 57

Marine Debris 59

Visitor Use 61

Climate Variability 63

State of Drivers and Pressures 66

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Pressure Ratings (Questions 2Ð5) 66

MPA E f fects: Marine Reserves and Conservation Areas in CINMS 75

State of Sanctuary Resources 89

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The Warm Water Event coP

Habitat (Questions 10Ð11) 108

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Maritime Archaeological Resources (Questions 16Ð17) 141

State of Ecosystem Services 145

1ntrowu>t$on 145

Ecosystem Services Indicators 146

Expe r t Review Process 148

Chumash Ecosystem Services Assessment 148

Sense of Place 148

Consumptive Recreation 155

Non-Consumptive Recreation 161

Food Supply Ñ Commercial Fisheries 167

Maritime Heritage 174

Science 177

Education 178

Ecosystem Services Status and Trends 183

Summary 183

Chumash Ecosystem Services Assessment 185

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Chumash Ecosystem Services Assessment 185

Chumash Place-Based Values in Context 186

Ecosystem Services & Chumash Worldview 189

Chumash Sense of Place & Heritage 190

Psychological Services & Community Wellness 194

Indigenous Traditional Knowledge & Practice 199

Muptemi (Ancestral Memory) 203

Sources 206

Response to Pressures 208

8VsponsVs 209

Vessel Traffic 209

Ocean Noise 220

Non-Native Species 221

Commercial and Recreational Fishing 223

Energy Development Activities 226

Pollutants 228

Marine Debris 231

Visitor Use 232

Climate Variability 236

Conclusion 239

Concluding Remarks 240

Acknowledgements 242

Cit e d Resources 244 APPENDIX A: Rating Scheme for System-wide Monitoring Questions 260 APPENDIX B: Consultation with Experts and Document Review 279 APPENDIX C: Driving Forces and Pressures Tables and Graphs 287

APPENDIX D: Water Quality Tables and Graphs 327

APPENDIX E: Habitat Tables and Graphs 354

APPENDIX F: Living Resources Tables and Graphs 397

APPENDIX G: D

e veloping Indicators of Condition for CINMS 451 APPENDIX H: Description of Ecosystem Services and Methods to Determine Ratings 456 APPENDIX I: Ecosystem Services Tables and Graphs 464 2

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these resources so that nature can thrive, historic shipwrecks and artifacts remain respectfully in place,

cultural connections remain strong, and careful public use and enjoyment can be sustained.

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a te-Ecosystem Services-Response (DPSER) Framework (detailed below). The first stems from

the generic structure of an ecosystem, and is used as the logic framework for the reports, while the second

defines the structure of the condition reports themselves. Although the National Marine Sanctuary System's 13 sanctuaries and two marine national monuments are di verse in many ways, including size, location, and resources, condition reports allow ONMS to

consistently analyze the status and trends of the abiotic and biotic factors in each ecosystem for purposes

of informing place-based management. To that end, each sanctuary is asked to answer the same set of

questions, located in Appendix A, in the preparation of each condition report. Additional details about

how the condition report process has evolved overtime are below.

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