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CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF AN ABATTOIR ON FARM PORTION

1865/2 IN BERLIN, EASTERN CAPE.

DRAFT BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT

DEDEAT REF: PENDING

Prepared for:

Berlin Beef

Delville Farm, Farm 1865,

Berlin, 5660.

Phone: (043) 726 5555 Cell: +2786 662 6004

Prepared by:

EOH Coastal & Environmental Services

EAST LONDON

25 Tecoma Street, Berea

East London, Eastern Cape

043 726 7809

Also in Grahamstown, Port Elizabeth, Cape Town, Johannesburg and

Maputo

www.cesnet.co.za

November 2018

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VERSION 1 dated 8 December 2014

BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT

(For official use only)

File Reference Number:

Application Number:

Date Received:

Basic assessment report in terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014, promulgated in terms of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998(Act No. 107 of 1998), as amended.

Kindly note that:

1. This basic assessment report is a standard report that may be required by a competent authority in terms

of the EIA Regulations, 2014 and is meant to streamline applications. Please make sure that it is the

report used by the particular competent authority for the activity that is being applied for.

2. The report must be typed within the spaces provided in the form. The size of the spaces provided is not

necessarily indicative of the amount of information to be provided. The report is in the form of a table

that can extend itself as each space is filled with typing.

3. Where applicable tick the boxes that are applicable or black out the boxes that are not applicable in the

report.

4. An incomplete report may be returned to the applicant for revision.

5. The use of ͞not applicable" in the report must be done with circumspection because if it is used in respect

of material information that is required by the competent authority for assessing the application, it may

result in the rejection of the application as provided for in the regulations.

6. This report must be handed in at offices of the relevant competent authority as determined by each

authority.

7. No faxed or e-mailed reports will be accepted.

8. The report must be compiled by an independent environmental assessment practitioner (EAP).

9. Unless protected by law, all information in the report will become public information on receipt by the

competent authority. Any interested and affected party should be provided with the information

contained in this report on request, during any stage of the application process.

10. A competent authority may require that for specified types of activities in defined situations only parts of

this report need to be completed. www.dedea.gov.za

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VERSION 1 dated 8 December 2014

SECTION A: ACTIVITY INFORMATION

Has a specialist been consulted to assist with the completion of this section?

YES NO

If YES, please complete form XX for each specialist thus appointed: Any specialist reports must be contained in Appendix D.

1. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION

Describe the activity, which is being applied for, in detail

1. Introduction

1.1 Project Location and Description

Berlin Beef is proposing the construction of an abattoir on farm portion 1865/2 in Berlin, Eastern Cape (Figure 1.1).

This will entail the construction of the following, at a minimum: An abattoir that will process 150-200 cattle per day;

A deboning plant; and

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) where wastewater will be treated and reused for cleaning abattoir.

The proposed development will be located adjacent to the existing Berlin Beef feedlot and will cover an area of

approximately 40000m2 (4 Hectares). The deboning plant will generate no waste as everything it produces will be

sold. The WWTP will have the ability to treat a maximum of 375m3/day and will produce sludge (approximately

15m3, reduced to 2.5m3 per day) which will be taken to Compass Waste Services, for incineration.

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VERSION 1 dated 8 December 2014

Figure 1.1: Map indicating the location of the proposed Abattoir on farm portion 1865/2 in Berlin, Eastern Cape

The Abattoir Process

The entire process implemented in the abattoir follows fifteen (15) steps.

1. Intake and registration

Carcasses from stock are weighed-in on an over-head track scale near the entrance to the deboning hall.

Information about each animal such as animal ID, age, slaughter date, farmer, PH value is captured by the Innova

production control system.

2. Breakdown

Carcasses are cut down according to individual specifications and weighed before entering the StreamLine for

deboning/ trimming. Yield, through put and other Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for each operator can be

registered and monitored.

3. Deboning and trimming

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VERSION 1 dated 8 December 2014

The primal are distributed to work stations on the StreamLine, based on operator availability and are de-boned/

trimmed/ skinned, according to individual specifications. All cuts are fully traceable. Yield, throughput, quality and

other KPIs for each operator are monitored and registered online. The StreamLine can be equipped with

membrane skinners, band saws etc.

4. Meat harvesting

Residual meat on the bones is harvested as high quality 3mm manufacturing meat. Under low pressure this

residual meat is removed from the bones, keeping the bones intact. The resultant 3mm meat can be compared

with manually obtained trimmings.

5. Packing products

Products are automatically distributed for individual or bulk packing. - Thermopacking

A label containing data about the product such as product ID, type etc is printed and applied before the

product is vacuum packed. - Vacuum bag packing Vacuum bag packing can be fully automatic, manual or a combination of both. A label containing data

about the product such as product ID, type etc can be printed and applied before the product is sent for

sealing. - Manual packing

Products such as oversize or multipack products are sorted into bins. This procedure can be combined with

a batching operation based on weight and/or count. A label containing exact data about the type and lot

can be printed and added. The packed products are subsequently sent to the bagging line for sealing. - Trolley/ bulk Products from the StreamLine can also be stored into trolleys or bins.

6. Manual box packing

The bagged products are sent to box packaging and subsequently to box registration and labelling.

7. Freezing

Crust freezing of beef products prior to cutting improves yield, accuracy and overall product quality.

8. Portion cutting

High-speed portion cutting of virtually any boneless beef product with maximum weight accuracy. Several portion

cutting options and equipment are available depending on need.

9. Robot batching

Using vision camera technology, the robot batcher automatically sorts, styles and loads beef products of varying

weight into trays with predefined fixed weights. www.dedea.gov.za

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10. Sealing, check weighing, labelling and packing

The trays are top sealed, check weighed, price labelled (up to 160 packs/min) and packed into boxes and crates.

11. Box registration and labelling

All boxes pass the box registration and labelling station. Each box is allocated to a unique position in the stock

hotel, based on the weight and he box and product ID, or sent directly to palletising and dispatch.

12. Stock

Cratesͬ cartons can be stored on the basis of the fully fledžible principle or the ͞First in- First Out' (FIFO) principle.

The stock can be used as a buffer between processes - for example, for manufacturing of temperature alignment,

or as a dispatch buffer.

13. Palletising

Crates/ cartons can be automatically sorted and assigned to multiple pallets at a high capacity and with a high

degree of flexibility. This helps operators avoid heavy lifts.

14. Fat Analysing and trim grading

Trim from the StreamLine is run through a SensorX fat analyser that measures the fat content of the trim using X-

rays. Subsequently the meat is automatically sorted on the trim grader according to specifications for mixing and

grinding.

15. Grinding and mixing

After grinding the meat is mixed with ingredients such as spices, water, flour etc. to follow the specified recipe. The

mixed products are then sent for further processing, such as sausage or burger production. Refer to Appendix C for the abattoir process and layout plans.

Waste generation

All general waste/refuse produced by staff will be disposed of at the designated waste disposal area in

drums/bins/waste skips for collection by the municipality. The waste disposal area will only temporarily store such

waste until such time as it is collected. This activity does not trigger a waste management activity. Wastewater that

contains animal blood will be transferred to the onsite WWTP where it will be separated into reusable water (for

cleaning the abattoir) and sludge. The sludge will be sent to Compass Waste Services for incineration.

The Waste Treatment Plant Process

During the operational phase, an onsite WWTP will treat the wastewater (including sewage) produced by the

abattoir. The wastewater produced will initially contain some solids, fats/oil, blood and sewage effluent. The solids

will first be removed through screening and fats and oils will be removed through skimming processes. Once these

have been removed, the wastewater is separated into sludge and clean water. The sludge (including waste from

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VERSION 1 dated 8 December 2014

the skimming process) will be sent off to Compass Waste Services for incineration and clean water will be re-used

to clean the abattoir.

Berlin Beef are proposing to use the AQUA Wastewater treatment process which will follow the following process:

1. Influent pump pit that supplies the collected wastewater from the pump pit to the treatment plant.

2. Screening system that offers mechanical protection of downstream equipment through the removal of coarse

solids that could cause clogging of damage.

3. DaFinci® Dissolved Air Flotation system, which is used to remove fine particles and oily substances by

separation. Hereafter Biological treatment procedures are applied:

4. A selector basin that optimised food/mass-ratio and flow characteristics to create desired circumstances for

the flocforming bacteria against their filamentous competitors.

5. The dentrification and aeration basin that allows for biodegradation of organic pollutants by the activated

sludge process.

6. BioArt® sludge separation system that separates mixed liquor into biosludge and water through settling in a

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) or an aeration basin.

The sludge is then taken by Compass to undergo incineration; while the water produced (97% clean water) is then

re-used to clean the abattoir. Refer to Appendix C for AQUA Wastewater Treatment Process diagram.

1.2 Site Access

The project site is currently accessible via existing gravel roads surrounding the site and used to access the feedlot.

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Figure 1.2: Site access to the proposed development of the Berlin Beef abattoir in Berlin, Eastern Cape.

2. Biophysical Environment

2.1 Climate

The proposed development site is in Berlin in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The climatic conditions

were therefore drawn from Bhisho as this was the nearest town with available climate data in the region.

Bhisho's climate is a local steppe climate. During the year there is little rainfall. The temperature here averages

17.4 °C. The average annual rainfall is 610 mm. Precipitation is the lowest in July, with an average of 17 mm. Most

of the precipitation here falls in October, averaging 80 mm. At an average temperature of 21.3 °C, February is the

hottest month of the year. July is the coldest month, with temperatures averaging 13.4 °C. www.dedea.gov.za

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Figure 2.1: Bhisho average annual rainfall and temperature (https://en.climate-data.org/location/26883/).

2.2 Topography

The topography ranges from 516m above sea level in the north to 496m above sea level in the south of the

development (Figure 2.2.1). The site has a gentle slope from the west to the east with an altitude of 510m above

sea level in the west to 519m above sea level in the east (Figure 2.2.2). The general topography of the proposed

site is relatively flat to gently sloping (Figure 2.2.3). Figure 2.2.1. North to South Elevation profile of the proposed site. www.dedea.gov.za

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Figure 2.2.2. West to East Elevation profile of the proposed site.

Figure 2.2.3: Contour Map of the proposed site.

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2.3 Geology and Soils

The site is underlain by mudstones of the Adelaide Group of the Beaufort Group which forms part of the larger

Karoo Supergroup (Figure 2.3.1). According to Mucina & Rutherford (2012), the vegetation type found in the

proposed site is underlain by mudstone with subordinate sandstone of the Adelaide group and intrusions by Karoo

dolerite, dykes and sills.

The substrate is primarily loamy soils, but there is significant variability. The Soil and Terrain database (SOTER) for

South Africa classifies the site as having soils with minimal development, usually shallow on hard or weathering

rock, with or without intermittent diverse soils (Figure 2.3.2). Erosion is very low to moderate (Mucina &

Rutherford, 2012). The Windeed report for the proposed site classifies the soil types as Glenrosa and/ or Mispah

forms with lime present in low-lying forms.

Figure 2.3.1: Geology map of the proposed site.

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Figure 2.3.2: Map of the soil association type of the proposed site.

2.4 Vegetation and Floristics

SANBI Classification (Mucina & Rutherford, 2012)

According to SANBI (Mucina and Rutherford, 2012), the study area consists of Bhisho Thornveld vegetation as

shown in Figure 2.4.1. This vegetation type occurs on undulating to moderately steep slopes, sometimes in shallow,

incised drainage valleys. Open savanna characterized by small trees of Acacia natalitia with a short to medium,

dense sour grassy understory, usually dominated by Themeda triandra when in good condition. A diversity of other

woody species also occurs, often increasing under conditions of overgrazing.

Mucina & Rutherford (2012) classify this vegetation type as LEAST THREATENED, with a conservation target of

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25%. Some 20% of Bhisho Thornveld is already transformed for cultivation, urban development or plantations.

Bhisho Thornveld is however not well conserved as only 0.2% is statutorily conserved, while 2% is privately

conserved.

According to desktop analysis, many indigenous endemics may potentially be found on site. A number of alien

invasives are also expected to occur in the study area. However, site analysis confirmed that the region is highly

transformed due to agricultural practices. The site is mostly dominated by grasses with a number of weeds and

alien invasive vegetation. The following indigenous plant species were observed on site:

The following invasive plants were identified on site include Acacia mearnsii, Onopordum acanthium and Solanum

seaforthianum.

Figure 2.4.1: SANBI Vegetation map (Mucina and Rutherford, 2012) showing the vegetation type of the proposed site.

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Regional Classification (STEP)

STEP classifies the vegetation type of the region as Berlin Savanna Thicket. According to STEP, this thicket type is

classified as CURRENTLY NOT VULNERABLE. Figure 2.4.2: STEP Vegetation map showing the vegetation type of the proposed site.

2.5 Surface Water Features

The proposed development falls within Quaternary Catchment R30E (Primary Catchment R). There are two

majorrivers, the Nahoon and Yellowoods River, that are located approximately 5km and 3.5km respectively from

the proposed development site. The Nahoon and Yellowoods river are classified as LARGELY MODIFIED (PES Class

D) according to NFEPA. There are two non-perennial tributaries bordering the site. One approximately 500m north

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east of the site and the other approximately 80m down slope and to the south of the site. These non-perennial

tributaries ultimately drain into the Nahoon River.

According to NFEPA there is one natural wetland and five artificial wetlands that are located within approximately

500m from the site and a municipal reservoir within the project area (Figure 2.5). Site investigations showed there

to be an additional artificial wetland (water storage dam) south west of the site located at the head of the non-

perennial tributary draining south of the site. Consultations with the Department of Water and Sanitation will need

to be undertaken to determine whether a Water Use Application in terms of Section 21 (c) and (i) of the National

Water Act (No. 36 of 1998).

Figure 2.5: NFEPA Surface water map of the proposed site including desktop delineated drainage area. www.dedea.gov.za

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2.6 Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan

The Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan (ECBCP, 2007) attempts to map priorities areas for conservation in

the province, as well as assigning land use categories depending on current conditions of unit areas and

conservation targets that need to be achieved (Berliner et al. 2007). ECBCP, although mapped at a finer scale than

the National Spatial Biodiǀersity Assessment is still, for the large part, inaccurate and ͞course" (Driǀer et al., 2005).

Therefore it is imperative that the status of the environment, for any proposed development MUST first be verified

before the management recommendations associated with the ECBCP are considered (Berliner and Desmet, 2007).

The main outputs of the ECBCP are ͞critical biodiǀersity areas" or CBAs and land use management categories or

BLMCs, which include of the following categories:

CBA 1 = Maintain in a natural state;

CBA 2 = Maintain in a near-natural state;

BLMC 3 = Functional landscapes; and

BLMC 4 = Towns and Settlements, cultivated land or plantations. www.dedea.gov.za

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VERSION 1 dated 8 December 2014

Figure 2.6: ECBCP Terrestrial Map of the proposed Abattoir site.

The study area falls within an ECBCP Terrestrial CBA 2 region (Figure 2.6), which is defined as ͞endangered

ǀegetation types identified through the ECBCP systematic conserǀation assessment". According to ECBCP, these

areas should be maintained in a near-natural state where possible. Site observations and historical imagery (Figure

2.7) confirmed that areas of the site are not in an entirely natural state. It has been transformed over the years by

grazing by livestock, construction, agriculture and informal roads and tracks throughout the site. It should be noted

that the classification of the site as a critical biodiversity area may change with the current revision of ECBCP.

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Figure 2.7: Historical imagery of site illustrating the change in landcover form 2003 - 2018 (Google Earth).

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3. Socio-Economic Profile

The proposed activity is located in Berlin, Ward 45, of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) in the

Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

3.1 Population

BCMM has a total population of 755200. Whites make up 7,7% of the population, 6% are coloureds, and other race

groups comprise the remaining 1,2%. There are 223 568 households in the municipality, with an average

household size of 3,2 persons per household. Just under half of all households (45,8%) are headed by females. Just

over half of all households (52,6%) have access to piped water that is accessible from within the dwelling.

Berlin has a total population of 3048 people and 877 households (StatsSA, 2011). A highly significant proportion of

the population is Black African by 94.1%, the remainder is 4.9% white; 0.7% coloured, 0.1% Indian/Asian and 0.3%

other. The population comprises of 53.5% females and 46.5% males.

3.2 Education

In the BCMM, Of those aged 20 years and older, 5,2% have completed primary school, 37,9% have some secondary

education, 27,2% have completed matric and 13,9% have some form of higher education. A mere 13,7% of the

total population of Berlin aged over 20 years has higher education.

3.3 Income, Employment and poverty levels

Employment growth within BCMM has not been proportional to economic growth rates. The percentage of

employed people with formal jobs is declining slowly as more people find job in informal positions. This is

especially the case within BCMM whereby the percentage of formally employed people has fallen from 79.57% in

1995 to 70% in 2013. The unemployment rate within BCMM is still very high and stood at 21% in 2013. Poverty and

inequality is still a major challenge within BCMM. BCMM has a Gini coefficient of 0.55 which shows that the metro

is unequal. www.dedea.gov.za

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TeL; 043 605 7099ͻ Fadž͗ 043 605 7300 ͮ Email͗ ͻ Web͗ www.dedeat.goǀ.zaquotesdbs_dbs26.pdfusesText_32

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