[PDF] GATSBY BEANS AND THE MYTH OF THE AMERICAN DREAM





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WHYWECAN'TALLJUSTGETALONG

AUniversityThesisPresentedtotheFaculty

of

CaliforniaStateUniversity,EastBay

InPartialFulfillment

oftheRequirementsfortheDegree

Master

ofArtsinEnglish By

ChristopherMarshall

March2007

WHYWECAN'TALLJUSTGETALONG

By

ChristopherMarshall

Approved:'"I

-r.Ul f\II "V 11 Date: l(

TableofContents

ChapterOne.

Introduction

SectionOne.

TheNecessaryExistenceofIllusions:

-Jatsbyand theMythoftheDream

ChapterTwo.

ChapterThree.

DaisyBuchanan:TheTrueEastEggStory

ChapterFour.

MyrtleWilsonand

TomBuchanan:Middle-ClassAspirations,

Upper-ClassRealitiesand theDeath

oftheDream

ChapterFive.

SectionTwo.

ParodyandPowerinTheBeansofEgypt,Maine

ChapterSix.

God,TheMiddle-ClassandtheMyth

ChapterSeven.

as"Other" andTheNecessaryDestinies ofLeeandBeal

ChapterEight.

FindingaHome:

TheConditionsofAcceptance

"NoplaceI'dliketovisit"

ChapterNine.

WhyWeCan'tAllJustGetAlong:

Middle-ClassReactionstoBeans

WorksCited

III Page 1 14 14 24
30
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60
63
1

ChapterOne

Introduction

Thecapitalistculture

oftheUnitedStatesisbasedonthemythofthe ofself-mademenlike dmmting,butthemyth aspects majority individualismblindthemtotheplight ofthelower-classes. verydifferentworksfromnearoppositeends ofthetwentiethcenturyilluminatesthe centralimportance ultimatedestruction usuallyadmirethevigorandvitality ofhisdream.Asweshallsee,suchreadingsare 2 influencedbythemiddle-classsensibilities ofthemajorityofreadersthatmakethem susceptibletotheromance ofGatsby'sillusions. andthemes

Chute'sTheBeansofEgypt,

Maine.Fitzgeralddisplaysthelives

ofmostlyupper-middleandupper-class case transcendence inEgypt,Maine,apoor,ruraltownhundreds ofmilesawayfromtheglimmering lights books,thoughdifferent,detailthemyth oftheAmericandream'sprofoundinfluence onthepsyche oftheircharacters.

Themyth

ofupwardmobilityblinds members ofasociety admittedlycoarseandsubtlesense ofcommunityexhibitedinherwork.

Fitzgerald'streatment

3 destructivetobothcommunityand ofa meaningwhatsoever.Theillusion ofmeaningismostimportant. framework exploringthesetwoworks. ofMarxist ofliteraturecould morereceptivetoChute'sgrittydepiction ofindigentrurallifethanFitzgerald's lyricalportrayal believedinillusions. ofrealitywhichthey 4 mustbediscarded checkbypromotingtheideathatthemembers oftheseclassesareinconstantand orworryaboutmoney.'

WhenIwriteaboutthemiddle-classI

amreferringtotheprevailingattitude amongmembers justabovethepovertyline forthesake survive.TheBeanfamilyisauniquepart ofthisdiversegroupwiththeirownculture

IwritethatAmericansocietyisbased

onamythbecauseinMarxistterms theAmericandreamisanimpossibleideal ofarepressiveideology.WhenIusethis ofrugged individualismandtheself-mademan.Iusethelatterexclusiveterm instead ofthe 5

Theconcepts

ability understandingthenotion theminthelate 19 th andearly20 th centuries,theprotagonistovercomeshis focuson ideology"(56).Notonlydoesthemyth oftheAmericandreamdiscourageclass personout commentaboutthetenuousposition ofthelower-middle-classthatinformsan analysis middle-class]feardesperatelytheprospect offallingintotheproletariat[lower oftheirsocialposition)andtheyare 6

Thisfear

ofpoverty,anditistheir de societybased

Tysonarguesthatthemyth

shameupwardlymobilepeoplemayfeelbecause oflessprivilegedfamilyand of ofaclassistideology.

Classism"isanideologythatequates

one'svalueasahumanbeingwiththe socialclasstowhichonebelongs:thehigher one'ssocialclass,thebetteroneis assumedtobebecausequalityis discussion ofreaderresponsestoBeans, implication thegenes neededformiddle-classlife.Thisviewpartiallyabsolvesthe It easierformembers 7 tothepoor.

Whenmembers

poorarethe of oftheAmericandream positioninsocietyisnatural,availingit ofanyresponsibilitytothelower-classes.

Upuntilnowourdiscussionhascentered

ontherelationshipbetweenthe ofthemythofthe

Americandream

beapositiveexperience.Butas

Thenarrative followsthelives

intothedarknetherworld enclaves novelwaswrittenafterWorldWar thelandscape believedistheproduct couldrisebyhisownefforts ...Whenthesystemfailed,itwasthefaultof 8 shatteredthisvision.(41)

AfterWorldWar

I,inAmericanliterature atleast,storiesofpluckanddetennination likethose deludedthemselvesintobelievinginthemyth. ofmostpeopleaftertheFirst theSennon ofagenerationofyoungmenwhodied inamostpointlesswar.

Lewisgoes

societyacquireasense beyondwealth. reachingfornothing.

BeforeIbegindiscussingthemyth

oftheAmericandreaminrelationto

GatsbyandBeansIwouldliketoclarify

howmyviewpointinfluencesmyreading accordingtoTyson, 9 products

IamfromAugusta,thecapital

ofMaine.TheareasurroundingAugusta,and thevastmajority attheirpeak,butnowthatmost todeteriorate.Igrewupaspart ofmyfriends,indeedmostofmy ofsocialclass.We charactersinChute'sbook.Werecognized abjectpovertyastheresultofan up 10 definethetensionsgoverningthework. ofthecharactersin

Gatsby,Irememberthefeeling

was onecould believe,asFitzgeralddid, ourdreams ofdepravedconflictsand whichhadwitnessedthedevelopment ofweaponsthatcandestroytheworldwould oftheAmerican strengthand question:What reason,beitgeographicallocation,lack ofeducationorsheernumbersthatdetermine thattherearenotenoughjobs inany ofanyproofwhatsoever,to 11 winnersfromlosers. honestinvestigation mylifeandboth majority ofushavebeentrainedtoreadliterature. of ornot.InFear writes,"Theideasandassumptions leastinourownminds.Eventhose ofuswhocomefromverydifferentsocial rationalityandtheabilitytoseparateone selffromthegroup,thevaluespromotedby themyth oftheAmericandream. Zelnick considersthismiddle-classperspectivetobethemainfaultin ofthe[middle- 12 feature ofGatsbyhimselforthrough the"lyricaleffusions" whenhedeclaresthat ofthe[middle-class] jokeandweareall doomedtoahideouscycle willdiscusslaterinrelation perspective mostreaders.

Fitzgeraldunderstoodthatmost

ofhisreaderswereconsciousofthemythofthe

Americandreamandtheconcepts

oftheself-mademanandruggedindividualism, whethertheybelievedintheseideals ornot.Otherwisethebookmakesnosense,as ofLukacs.Thebook

Reading

oftheAmerican onmiddle-class

ButChuteoffersnoclear

cutanswerseither,beyondavaguesense oftheimportanceofcommunity.Infact, 13 ofthebook. ifequallyimpossible,resolution. 14

GatsbyandtheMyth

oftheDream

ChapterTwo

theworldsothatyou partake positiontoattesttothevacuousnature ofthemythoftheAmericandream.Hewas exclusivelife returntothecomfortable onemustbeabletoreconciletheseparadoxes.

Hedodges

15 socialcircle,hissense

Americaregulatedbyacode

represented

Buchanans,JordanBaker,Gatsby,and

himselfareallWesternerscomeeast,itishe, ofGatsby'sdream.Itis himanidealnarratorforthedrama ofAmericathatisplayedoutinFitzgerald's novel.

Responsiblereadersdonottake

Nickathiswordwhenheclaims:"Iamone

withhimselfandisveryjudgmental, butweunderstandhim.Heislikesomeofour condemningtheactions intheir code buthiscodeofproprietyis ofAmericaandthedeathofthe

Nick'ssexualambiguity

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