[PDF] IN THE LOOP A Reference Guide to American English Idioms

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Idiom: a group of words that means somethinพ

different than the individual words it contains As with any language, American English is fulഞ of idioms, especially when spoken. Idiomఞ add color and texture to language by creatinพ images that convey meanings beyond those oᬞ the individual words that make them up. Idiomఞ are culturally bound, providing insight into thᰞ history, culture, and outlook of their users. Thiఞ is because most idioms have developed ove᨞ time from practices, beliefs, and other aspectఞ of different cultures. As a culture changes, thᰞ words used to describe it also change: somᰞ replace them. With idioms in particular, the beliefఞ or practices leading to their use may disappear whilᰞ the idiom itself continues to be used. Idioms can bᰞ become slang or jargon, expressions used mainly bܞ specific groups or professions. express a wide range of emotions from excitemenጞ to depression, love to hate, heroism to cowardice脞 express a sense of time, place, or size. The range oᬞ uses for idioms is complex and widespread.

The complexity of idioms is what makes theᄞ

so difficult for non-native speakers to learn蔞 However, this complexity is also what can makᰞ idioms so interesting to study and learn; theܞ are rarely boring. Learning about idioms, in thiఞ case those used in the United States, provides သ way to learn not only the language, but a littlᰞ about the people who use it.

In the Loop is a collection of common idiomఞ

updated and compiled from two previous books oᬞ idioms published by the Office of English Languagᰞ Curry and Something to Crow About by Shelley Vancᰞ Laflin. In the Loop combines the popular aspects oᬞ the previous books, while also updating the contenጞ by including idioms that have come into use morᰞ recently and eliminating those that are rarely used蔞 When available, background information is includeᐞ about the origins of the idioms. Additionally, In thᰖ Loop includes categories of commonly used idiomఞ and suggestions to the teacher to aid in developinพ classroom exercises for learning the meanings anᐞ be both a teaching tool and a reference. Organization of this Book. In the Loop is divideᐞ into three parts: Part 1, "Idioms and Definitions"萞 Part 2, "Selected Idioms by Category"; and Parጞ

3, "Classroom Activities." The idioms are listeᐞ

alphabetically in Part 1. Part 2 highlights somᰞ categories. Part 3 contains classroom suggestionఞ to help teachers plan appropriate exercises fo᨞ their students. There is also a complete index aጞ the back of the book listing page numbers for botଞ main entries and cross-references for each idiom. How to Locate an Idiom. In Part 1, "Idioms anᐞ Definitions," idioms are listed alphabetically bܞ first word. The only first words not used to placᰞ the idioms in order are articles (a, the, some) anᐞ pronouns and possessives (someone, one). Instead脞 these are placed at the end of the idiom, separateᐞ by a comma. imenog Cerom vi a big contract for her company. It was a reaഞ feather in her cap蔞 attend the university was a feather in his cap蔞

Synonym: something to crow abouᬖ

Antonym: nothing to write home abouᬖ

Compare to: feather (one"s) nesᬖ

The practice of placing a feather in one"s cap is centurieఞ old and appears to have been practiced in many differenጞ cultures. The feather was awarded and worn as a sign oᬞ a significant achievement by the wearer. In somᰞ cultures, such as in 16th century Hungary, it was even သ crime to wear a feather when one had not earned thᰞ right to wear it. S t The idiom (1) is given first, followed by itఞ definition (2). Then, two or three examplᰞ sentences (3) are provided to illustrate ho踞 the idiom is used. Occasionally, an idiom haఞ more than one meaning. Where this occurs脞 each meaning for the idiom is numbered witଞ corresponding numbers in the sample sentences蔞 All entries include the idiom (1), definition (2)脞 and sample sentences (3).

The final two elements-cross-referenceᐞ

idioms (4) and additional information (5)- are included only where relevant or available蔞 There are three types of cross-references used舞 synonym, antonym, and compare to. Synonyms are expressions that have the same meaning aఞ the opposite of the idiom. Compare to includeఞ expressions that might be mistaken as simila᨞ to, or related to, the idiom. In the illustrateᐞ entry above, for example, feather (one"s̖ feather in (one"s) cap, even though they botଞ refer to a feather. The final section, additionaഞ information (5), includes notes such as thᰞ origins of the expression, restrictions on usage脞 or any additional information that might help သ learner understand when and how a particula᨞ idiom is used.

Symbols Used in the Entries. Some idioms maܞ

have one or two alternate words that are useᐞ interchangeably without altering the meaning蔞 One example of this is in a fix/bind/jam. In thiఞ idiom, fix, bind, or jam can be used withouጞ changing the idiom"s meaning. In such cases thᰞ possible alternates are separated by a slash (/). Some idioms require context-specific subjectఞ or objects. In these cases someone, something脞 or one are placed in parenthesis within thᰞ the idiom"s object is different than the subject蔞

For example, in beat (someone) to the punch脞

someone is a different person than the subjecጞ as in I beat him to the punch. The pronoun one is used when the subject and object of the idioᄞ is the same person, as in ace up (one"s) sleeve (He had an ace up his sleeve).

How Each Entry is Arranged

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